User:BARTCAT/sandbox-curated-page

This is a user sandbox of BARTCAT. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article.
This user's sandboxes:

User:BARTCAT/sandbox-curated-page
◆ Stack Of Interesting Templates (Etc.)

▶Portal:Current events▶Category:Main topic classifications▶Category:Lists

▶Timelines of world history▶Category:Historical timelines

▶Dark Ages (historiography)

Scale + OOM

▶Computer performance by orders of magnitude

AI Artificial Intelligence

▶List of companies involved in quantum computing or communication

▶Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era

Emerging (Split#1 Split#2)

IOT

XR

Distributed Decentralized

▶List of blockchains

[add] Blockchain History/Evolution/Timeline [add]

FOS Free + Open Source

Companies

PrivEq + VenCap

Real Estate

WWW World Wide Web

▶Lists of websites ▶List of most-visited websites

Humanities (Anthro Archaeo ..)

Philosophy

▶Category:Philosophy and thinking templates ▶Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes

▶Why there is anything at all ▶A Universe from Nothing

Consciousness ▶A Universe of Consciousness

Logic

▶Fractal cosmology

◆◆◆◆

Hacking

Wolfram

GDP

PSR▶Psychiatric rehabilitation
▶Clubhouse model of psychosocial rehabilitation
▶Hypnotherapy ▶Neuro-linguistic programming

Life

Life timeline

−4500 —

–

—

–

−4000 —

–

—

–

−3500 —

–

—

–

−3000 —

–

—

–

−2500 —

–

—

–

−2000 —

–

—

–

−1500 —

–

—

–

−1000 —

–

—

–

−500 —

–

—

–

0 —

P
l
a
n
t
s

H
a
d
e
a
n

A
r
c
h
e
a
n

P
r
o
t
e
r
o
z
o
i
c

P
h
a
n
e
r
o
z
o
i
c

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

Earliest multicellular life

←

←

←

←

←

←

←

Hirnantian glaciation*

←

Earliest tetrapods

←

Karoo ice age*

←

Earliest apes / humans

←

Quaternary ice age*

(million years ago)

*Ice Ages

–  (aged 0)

Time Measurement

Data Font

Wikipedia

▶Special:SpecialPages

The term "wikitext" refers to Wikipedia's wp:wiki markup language. Formats:

[[hyperlink]] or [[hyperlink|link here]] or [[expert]]ly → hyperlink or link here or expertly
[http://www.google.com external link] → external link (to an outside webpage)
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|55px|Caption]] → (shows image, see below)
==Header== → Header ===Subheader=== → Subheader
''italic'' '''bold''' '''''bold-italic''''' → italic bold bold-italic
* bullet →  bullet (or ":*" or "::*" to indent)
Caption
: indent → indent (or "::" or "::::::" to indent more)
# numbered → 1. numbered ("#:" indents under numbered lines)
#* bullet under number → ° bullet under number
[[Category:xx]] → (internal wp:category link).
{{templt|aa|bb}} → (run "Template:Templt" with parameters "aa" & "bb")
{{#expr: (5*10 + 3^2 +8)/2 }} → calculate expression: (5×10 + 3²+8)/2 = 33.5
~~~~ → signature ~~~~~ → date/time (UTC)

A related page is Help:Table.

see template {Expand wikitext}

▶Wikipedia:Templates▶Wikipedia:Template index

▶Special:ExpandTemplates▶Wikipedia: Navigation_template

▶Wikipedia:Contents

▶Wikipedia:List of controversial issues Emerging (Full) Template:Emerging technologies

User:BARTCAT/sandbox-curated-page ◆ END

v t e History of Europe
Prehistory	Paleolithic Europe Neolithic Europe Bronze Age Europe Iron Age Europe
Classical antiquity	Classical Greece Roman Republic Hellenistic period Roman Empire Early Christianity Christianity in late antiquity Crisis of the Third Century Fall of the Western Roman Empire Late antiquity
Middle Ages	Early Middle Ages Migration Period Christianity in the Middle Ages Christianization Francia Anglo-Saxon England Byzantine Empire Papal States Bulgarian Empire First Second Maritime republics Venice Genoa Pisa Amalfi Viking Age Kievan Rus' Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Majorca) Holy Roman Empire High Middle Ages Republic of Florence Feudalism Crusades Mongol invasion Serbian Empire Late Middle Ages Black Death Hundred Years' War Kalmar Union
Modern period	Renaissance Early modern Christianity in the modern era Reformation Age of Discovery Baroque Grand Duchy of Tuscany Thirty Years' War Absolute monarchy Ottoman Empire Portuguese Empire Spanish Empire Early modern France Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossack Hetmanate Swedish Empire Dutch Republic British Empire Habsburg monarchy Russian Empire Age of Enlightenment Great Divergence Industrial Revolution French Revolution Napoleonic Wars Nationalism Revolutions of 1848 World War I Russian Revolution Interwar period World War II Cold War European integration European debt crisis COVID-19 pandemic Russian invasion of Ukraine
See also	Art of Europe Bibliography of European history Genetic history of Europe History of Christianity History of the Mediterranean region History of the European Union History of Western civilization Maritime history of Europe Military history of Europe Crusading movement

v t e Orders of magnitude
Quantity	Acceleration Angular momentum Area Bit rate Charge Computing Current Data Density Energy / Energy density Entropy Force Frequency Illuminance Length Luminance Magnetic moment Magnetic field Mass Molarity Numbers Power Pressure Probability Radiation Sound pressure Specific heat capacity Speed Temperature Torque Time Voltage Volume
See also	Back-of-the-envelope calculation Best-selling electronic devices Fermi problem Powers of 10 and decades 10th 100th 1000000th Metric (SI) prefix Macroscopic scale Microscopic scale
Related	Astronomical system of units Earth's location in the Universe Cosmic View (1957 book) To the Moon and Beyond (1964 film) Cosmic Zoom (1968 film) Powers of Ten (1968 and 1977 films) Cosmic Voyage (1996 documentary) The Scale of the Universe (2010) Cosmic Eye (2012)
Category

v t e Timelines of computing
Computing	Before 1950 1950–1979 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Scientific Women in computing
Computer science	Algorithms Artificial intelligence Binary prefixes Cryptography Machine learning Quantum computing and communication
Software	Free and open-source software Hypertext technology Operating systems DOS family Windows Linux Programming languages Virtualization development Malware
Internet	Internet conflicts Web browsers Web search engines
Notable people	Kathleen Antonelli John Vincent Atanasoff Charles Babbage John Backus Jean Bartik George Boole Vint Cerf John Cocke Stephen Cook Edsger W. Dijkstra J. Presper Eckert Adele Goldstine Lois Haibt Betty Holberton Margaret Hamilton Grace Hopper David A. Huffman Bob Kahn Brian Kernighan Andrew Koenig Semyon Korsakov Nancy Leveson Ada Lovelace Donald Knuth Joseph Kruskal Douglas McIlroy Marlyn Meltzer John von Neumann Klára Dán von Neumann Dennis Ritchie Guido van Rossum Claude Shannon Frances Spence Bjarne Stroustrup Ruth Teitelbaum Ken Thompson Linus Torvalds Alan Turing Paul Vixie Larry Wall Stephen Wolfram Niklaus Wirth Steve Wozniak Konrad Zuse

v t e Differentiable computing
General	Differentiable programming Information geometry Statistical manifold Automatic differentiation Neuromorphic engineering Pattern recognition Tensor calculus Computational learning theory Inductive bias
Hardware	IPU TPU VPU Memristor SpiNNaker
Software libraries	TensorFlow PyTorch Keras scikit-learn Theano JAX Flux.jl MindSpore
Portals Computer programming Technology

v t e Logic families
MOS technology	PMOS logic NMOS logic Depletion-load NMOS logic (including HMOS) Complementary MOS (CMOS) Pass transistor logic (PTL) Bipolar–CMOS (BiCMOS)
Other technologies	Diode logic Diode–transistor logic (DTL) Open collector (OC) Direct-coupled transistor logic (DCTL) Emitter-coupled logic (ECL) Gunning transceiver logic (GTL) Integrated injection logic (I²L) Resistor–transistor logic (RTL) Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) Current mode logic / Source-coupled logic (CML/SCL)
Types	Static Dynamic Domino logic Four-phase logic

v t e Computer laws
Amdahl's law Bell's law Brooks's law Edholm's law Grosch's law Gustafson's law Haitz's law Koomey's law Linus's law Metcalfe's law Moore's law Moore's second law Pollack's rule Wirth's law
Semantically, a computer law is not a hard and fast law, but a rule of thumb, or axiom (postulation)

v t e History of physics (timeline)
Classical physics	Astronomy timeline Electromagnetism timeline Electrical engineering Maxwell's equations Fluid mechanics timeline Aerodynamics Field theory Gravitational theory timeline Material science timeline Metamaterials Mechanics timeline Variational principles Optics Spectroscopy Thermodynamics timeline Energy Entropy Perpetual motion
Modern physics	Computational physics timeline Condensed matter timeline Superconductivity Cosmology timeline Big Bang theory General relativity tests Geophysics Nuclear physics Fission Fusion Power Weapons Quantum mechanics timeline Atoms Molecules Quantum field theory Subatomic physics timeline Special relativity timeline Lorentz transformations tests
Recent developments	Quantum information timeline Loop quantum gravity Nanotechnology String theory
On specific discoveries	Cosmic microwave background Graphene Gravitational waves Subatomic particles timeline Higgs boson Neutron Speed of light
By periods	Copernican Revolution Golden age of physics Golden age of cosmology Medieval Islamic world Astronomy Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era
By groups	Harvard Computers The Martians Oxford Calculators Via Panisperna boys Women in physics
Scientific disputes	Bohr–Einstein Chandrasekhar–Eddington Galileo affair Leibniz–Newton Joule–von Mayer Shapley–Curtis Relativity priority Special relativity General relativity Transfermium Wars
Category

v t e Ambient intelligence
Concepts	Ambient IoT Context awareness Device ecology Extended reality Spatial computing Internet of things Object hyperlinking Profiling Spime Supranet Ubiquitous computing Web of Things Wireless sensor networks
Technologies	6LoWPAN ANT+ DASH7 IEEE 802.15.4 Internet 0 Machine to machine Radio-frequency identification Smartdust XBee
Platforms	Arduino Contiki Gadgeteer ioBridge Netduino Raspberry Pi TinyOS Wiring Xively NodeMCU
Applications	Ambient device CeNSE Connected car Home automation HomeOS Internet refrigerator Nabaztag Smart city Smart TV Smarter Planet
Pioneers	Kevin Ashton Gaetano Borriello Adam Dunkels Stefano Marzano Don Norman Roel Pieper Josef Preishuber-Pflügl John Seely Brown Bruce Sterling Mark Weiser
Other	Ambient Devices AmbieSense Ebbits project IPSO Alliance

v t e Parallel computing
General	Distributed computing Parallel computing Massively parallel Cloud computing High-performance computing Multiprocessing Manycore processor GPGPU Computer network Systolic array
Levels	Bit Instruction Thread Task Data Memory Loop Pipeline
Multithreading	Temporal Simultaneous (SMT) Simultaneous and heterogenous Speculative (SpMT) Preemptive Cooperative Clustered multi-thread (CMT) Hardware scout
Theory	PRAM model PEM model Analysis of parallel algorithms Amdahl's law Gustafson's law Cost efficiency Karp–Flatt metric Slowdown Speedup
Elements	Process Thread Fiber Instruction window Array
Coordination	Multiprocessing Memory coherence Cache coherence Cache invalidation Barrier Synchronization Application checkpointing
Programming	Stream processing Dataflow programming Models Implicit parallelism Explicit parallelism Concurrency Non-blocking algorithm
Hardware	Flynn's taxonomy SISD SIMD Array processing (SIMT) Pipelined processing Associative processing MISD MIMD Dataflow architecture Pipelined processor Superscalar processor Vector processor Multiprocessor symmetric asymmetric Memory shared distributed distributed shared UMA NUMA COMA Massively parallel computer Computer cluster Beowulf cluster Grid computer Hardware acceleration
APIs	Ateji PX Boost Chapel HPX Charm++ Cilk Coarray Fortran CUDA Dryad C++ AMP Global Arrays GPUOpen MPI OpenMP OpenCL OpenHMPP OpenACC Parallel Extensions PVM pthreads RaftLib ROCm UPC TBB ZPL
Problems	Automatic parallelization Deadlock Deterministic algorithm Embarrassingly parallel Parallel slowdown Race condition Software lockout Scalability Starvation
Category: Parallel computing

v t e Private equity and venture capital investors
Investment strategy	Buyout Venture Growth Mezzanine Secondaries
History	History of private equity and venture capital Early history of private equity Private equity in the 1980s Private equity in the 1990s Private equity in the 2000s
Investor types	Private equity investors Venture capitalists Corporate raiders

v t e Private equity and venture capital investment firms
Investment strategy	Venture Growth Mezzanine Secondaries Leveraged buyout
History	History of private equity and venture capital Early history of private equity Private equity in the 1980s Private equity in the 1990s Private equity in the 2000s
Investors	Angel investor Commercial bank Corporate venture capital Crowdfunding Family office Endowment Fund of funds High-net-worth individual Institutional investor Insurance company Investment bank Merchant bank Pension fund Sovereign wealth fund
Private equity firms Venture capital firms Portfolio companies

v t e Largest private equity investment firms
Advent International Apollo Global Management Ardian Bain Capital Blackstone Carlyle Group Clearlake Capital CVC Capital Partners EQT AB General Atlantic HarbourVest Partners Hellman & Friedman Hg Insight Partners KKR Leonard Green & Partners Lone Star Funds Neuberger Berman Partners Group Permira Silver Lake Thoma Bravo TPG Warburg Pincus Vista Equity Partners
Methodology: AUM over US$70 billion Private equity Private equity firms Venture capital firms Portfolio companies

v t e Website topics
By type	Audition website Cashback website Fansite Fan wiki Gripe site Health website Lab website Library website Microsite Mirror site Personal wedding website School website
Lists by type	Academic databases BitTorrent sites Blogs Chat websites Dating websites Dictionaries Employment websites Encyclopedias Fake news websites Fan wikis Image-sharing websites Internet forums Marketplaces Microcredit lending websites Online databases Online video platforms Q&A sites Satirical news websites Search engines Social bookmarking websites Social networking services defunct Tor hidden services Web directories Webcomics Wikis
Lists by subject	Astronomy websites Biodiversity databases Biology websites Educational websites Environmental websites Food and drink websites Video game websites Image-sharing websites Professional wrestling websites
Other	Founded before 1995 Most popular websites country access restrictions Websites blocked in Belgium Websites blocked in China Websites blocked in Russia Websites blocked in Singapore Websites blocked in the United Kingdom

v t e Cloud computing
Business models	Content as a service Data as a service Desktop as a service Function as a service Infrastructure as a service Integration platform as a service Backend as a service Network as a service Platform as a service Security as a service Software as a service
Technologies	Cloud database Cloud-native computing Cloud storage Cloud storage gateways Data centers Dew computing Distributed file system for cloud Hardware virtualization Internet Mobile cloud computing Native cloud application Networking Personal cloud Security Serverless computing Structured storage Virtual appliance Web APIs Virtual private cloud
Applications	Box Dropbox Google Workspace Drive HP Cloud (closed) IBM Cloud Microsoft Office 365 OneDrive Nextcloud Oracle Cloud Owncloud Proton Drive Rackspace Salesforce Seafile PlateSpin Workday Zoho
Platforms	Alibaba Cloud Amazon Web Services AppScale Box CloudBolt Cloud Foundry Cocaine (PaaS) Creatio Engine Yard Helion GE Predix Google App Engine GreenQloud Heroku IBM Cloud Inktank Jelastic Microsoft Azure MindSphere Netlify Oracle Cloud OutSystems openQRM OpenShift PythonAnywhere RightScale Scalr Force.com SAP Cloud Platform Splunk Vercel vCloud Air WaveMaker
Infrastructure	Alibaba Cloud Amazon Web Services Abiquo Enterprise Edition CloudStack Citrix Cloud Deft DigitalOcean EMC Atmos Eucalyptus Fujitsu Google Cloud GreenButton GreenQloud IBM Cloud iland Joyent Linode Lunacloud Microsoft Azure Mirantis Netlify Nimbula Nimbus OpenIO OpenNebula OpenStack Oracle Cloud OrionVM Rackspace Cloud Safe Swiss Cloud Zadara libvirt libguestfs OVirt Virtual Machine Manager Wakame-vdc Vercel Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand
Category Commons

v t e Biases
Cognitive biases	Acquiescence Ambiguity Affinity Anchoring Attentional Attribution Actor–observer Correspondence Authority Automation Availability Mean world Belief Blind spot Choice-supportive Commitment Confirmation Selective perception Compassion fade Congruence Cultural Declinism Distinction Dunning–Kruger Egocentric Curse of knowledge Emotional Extrinsic incentives Fading affect Framing Frequency Frog pond effect Halo effect Hindsight Horn effect Hostile attribution Impact Implicit In-group Intentionality Illusion of transparency Mean world syndrome Mere-exposure effect Narrative Negativity Normalcy Omission Optimism Out-group homogeneity Outcome Overton window Precision Present Pro-innovation Proximity Response Restraint Self-serving Social comparison Social influence bias Spotlight Status quo Substitution Time-saving Trait ascription Turkey illusion von Restorff effect Zero-risk In animals
Statistical biases	Estimator Forecast Healthy user Information Psychological Lead time Length time Non-response Observer Omitted-variable Participation Recall Sampling Selection Self-selection Social desirability Spectrum Survivorship Systematic error Systemic Verification Wet
Other biases	Academic Basking in reflected glory Déformation professionnelle Funding FUTON Inductive Infrastructure Inherent In education Liking gap Media False balance Vietnam War Norway South Asia Sweden United States Arab–Israeli conflict Ukraine Net Political bias Publication Reporting White hat
Bias reduction	Cognitive bias mitigation Debiasing Heuristics in judgment and decision-making
Lists: General Memory

v t e Logic templates
Types of logic	Classical logic Mathematical logic Metalogic Non-classical logic Philosophical logic
Other templates	Common logical symbols Logical connectives Logical paradoxes Logical truth Set theory Transformation rules Normal forms Diagrams
Logic navbar

v t e Philosophical logic
Critical thinking and informal logic	Analysis Ambiguity Argument Belief Bias Credibility Dialectic Antithesis, Socratic method, Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness
Theories of deduction	Constructivism Dialetheism Fictionalism Finitism Formalism Intuitionism Logical atomism Logicism Nominalism Platonic realism Pragmatism Realism

v t e Non-classical logic
Intuitionistic	Intuitionistic logic Constructive analysis Heyting arithmetic Intuitionistic type theory Constructive set theory
Fuzzy	Degree of truth Fuzzy rule Fuzzy set Fuzzy finite element Fuzzy set operations
Substructural	Structural rule Relevance logic Linear logic
Paraconsistent	Dialetheism
Description	Ontology (computer science) Ontology language
Many-valued	Three-valued Four-valued Łukasiewicz
Digital logic	Three-state logic Tri-state buffer Four-valued Verilog IEEE 1164 VHDL
Others	Dynamic semantics Inquisitive logic Intermediate logic Non-monotonic logic

v t e Cosmology
Background	Age of the universe Big Bang Chronology of the universe Universe Observable universe
History of cosmological theories	Discovery of cosmic microwave background History of the Big Bang theory Religious interpretations of the Big Bang Timeline of cosmological theories
Past universe	Cosmic microwave background Cosmic neutrino background Gravitational wave background Inflation Nucleosynthesis
Present universe	FLRW metric Friedmann equations Hubble's law Expansion of the universe Accelerating expansion Redshift
Future universe	Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe
Components	Dark energy Dark fluid Dark matter Quintessence Lambda-CDM model
Structure formation	Galaxy filament Galaxy formation Large quasar group Large-scale structure Reionization Shape of the universe Structure formation
Experiments	2dF 6dF BOOMERanG COBE Illustris project Observational cosmology Planck SDSS WMAP
astronomy portal

v t e Fractals
Characteristics	Fractal dimensions Assouad Box-counting Higuchi Correlation Hausdorff Packing Topological Recursion Self-similarity
Iterated function system	Barnsley fern Cantor set Koch snowflake Menger sponge Sierpiński carpet Sierpiński triangle Apollonian gasket Fibonacci word Space-filling curve Blancmange curve De Rham curve Minkowski Dragon curve Hilbert curve Koch curve Lévy C curve Moore curve Peano curve Sierpiński curve Z-order curve String T-square n-flake Vicsek fractal Gosper curve Pythagoras tree Weierstrass function
Strange attractor	Multifractal system
L-system	Fractal canopy Space-filling curve H tree
Escape-time fractals	Burning Ship fractal Julia set Filled Newton fractal Douady rabbit Lyapunov fractal Mandelbrot set Misiurewicz point Multibrot set Newton fractal Tricorn Mandelbox Mandelbulb
Rendering techniques	Buddhabrot Orbit trap Pickover stalk
Random fractals	Brownian motion Brownian tree Brownian motor Fractal landscape Lévy flight Percolation theory Self-avoiding walk
People	Michael Barnsley Georg Cantor Bill Gosper Felix Hausdorff Desmond Paul Henry Gaston Julia Niels Fabian Helge von Koch Paul Lévy Aleksandr Lyapunov Benoit Mandelbrot Hamid Naderi Yeganeh Lewis Fry Richardson Wacław Sierpiński
Other	Coastline paradox Fractal art List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension The Fractal Geometry of Nature (1982 book) The Beauty of Fractals (1986 book) Chaos: Making a New Science (1987 book) Kaleidoscope Chaos theory

v t e Programming languages
Comparison Timeline History
Ada ALGOL Simula APL Assembly BASIC Visual Basic classic .NET C C++ C# COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go Haskell Java JavaScript Julia Kotlin Lisp Lua MATLAB ML Pascal Object Pascal Perl PHP Prolog Python R Ruby Rust SQL Scratch Shell Smalltalk Swift more...
Lists: Alphabetical Categorical Generational Non-English-based Category

v t e Types of programming languages
Level	Machine Assembly Compiled Interpreted Low-level High-level Very high-level Esoteric
Generation	First Second Third Fourth Fifth

v t e Concurrent computing
General	Concurrency Concurrency control Concurrent data structures Concurrent hash tables Concurrent users Indeterminacy Linearizability
Process calculi	CSP CCS ACP LOTOS π-calculus Ambient calculus API-Calculus PEPA Join-calculus
Classic problems	ABA problem Cigarette smokers problem Deadlock Dining philosophers problem Producer–consumer problem Race condition Readers–writers problem Sleeping barber problem
Category: Concurrent computing

v t e Distributed operating systems
Current	Barrelfish HarmonyOS OpenHarmony HarmonyOS NEXT Inferno Plan 9 from Bell Labs QNX
Historic	Amoeba Cambridge Distributed Computing System ChorusOS Domain/OS HeliOS LOCUS MOSIX Sprite V
Projects	Cairo
Category

v t e Wolfram Research
Products	Computable Document Format Mathematica GridMathematica MathWorld WolframAlpha Wolfram Demonstrations Project Wolfram Language Wolfram SystemModeler
People	Stephen Wolfram Conrad Wolfram Theodore Gray Eric Weisstein Ed Pegg Jr.

v t e Lists of countries by GDP rankings
Nominal	Per capita Past and projected per capita Sector composition
Purchasing power parity (PPP)	Per capita Past per capita Past and projected per capita Private consumption per capita Per person employed Ten largest historically
Growth rate	African countries Asian states European Union member states European countries Latin American and Caribbean countries Oceanian countries Per capita 1980–2010 growth Industrial growth
Gross national income (GNI)	PPP per capita Nominal per capita Real income Per capita growth Disposable income
Countries by region	Africa PPP nominal Commonwealth of Nations PPP nominal Latin America & Caribbean PPP nominal North America PPP nominal nominal per capita South America PPP Arab League nominal and per capita PPP and per capita ASEAN subdivision Asia Asia & Pacific nominal PPP Former Soviet Republics Europe PPP PPP per capita nominal nominal per capita Oceania GDP
Subnational divisions	Albania Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada cities Chile per capita China per capita cities prefectures Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Egypt Finland France per capita Georgia Germany per capita cities Greece Hungary India PPP per capita Indonesia per capita cities regencies Italy nominal per capita Japan per capita Kazakhstan Kenya Malaysia Mexico per capita Moldova Mongolia Netherlands Nigeria Nepal New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia per capita Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Level 2 English counties cities United States counties cities Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Turkey Vietnam OECD Top country subdivisions by GDP Top country subdivisions by GDP per capita *Top country metropolitan by GDP
Lists of countries by financial rankings List of international rankings Lists by country

v t e Outline of life extension
Issues	Anti-oxidants Anti-aging movement Biohacking Calorie restriction Cryonics Cyborg Exercise Free-radical theory Gene therapy Gerontology Glycation Indefinite lifespan Index of topics related to life extension List of aging processes Longevity escape velocity Mind uploading Nanomedicine Organ printing Rejuvenation Senescence Stem-cell therapy Strategies for engineered negligible senescence Transhumanist politics
Events	Timeline of senescence research
People	Bill Andrews Eric R. Braverman Aubrey de Grey Laura Deming Denham Harman Leonard Hayflick Saul Kent Cynthia Kenyon Dimu Kotsovsky Ray Kurzweil Ilya Mechnikov Liz Parrish Durk Pearson Mark Roth Sandy Shaw Roy Walford Michael D. West
Organizations	2045 Initiative A4M AgeX Alliance for Aging Research Altos Labs AGE Buck Institute BioViva Calico ERIBA Gerontology Research Group Human Longevity Immortalist Society ILA Insilico Medicine LEAF LEF Methuselah Foundation MPI for Biology of Ageing NIA SENS Research Foundation Sierra Sciences
Books	Life Extension (1982) The First Immortal (1998) Fantastic Voyage (2004) Ending Aging (2007) Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To (2019)
Journals	Ageing Research Reviews Aging Aging Cell Biogerontology Experimental Gerontology Neurobiology of Aging Rejuvenation Research
Categories	Life extension

v t e Unicode templates
General	{{Unicode navigation}}
Inline	{{Unichar}} {{U+}} {{GB18030}} {{#invoke:Unicode convert}}
Character properties	Bidi Class General Category Punctuation marks in Unicode Hexadecimal digit Numeric Type Whitespace Alias names and abbreviations
Code points	Planes Unicode blocks Private Use Area
Scripts	{{ISO 15924 script codes and related Unicode data}}
CJK-specific	{{CJK ideographs in Unicode}} {{CJKV}} {{Unihan}} {{Hani}} {{Lang-zh}} {{Nihongo}} {{Korean}} {{Vi-nom}}
Wikipedia related	{{Contains special characters}} (with 'Uncommon Unicode' or more specifically) {{PUA}} (MOS:PUA)
Unicode blocks Unicode charts Unicode templates

v t e Wikipedia templates
Main namespace	General Cleanup Verifiability and sources Disputes Hatnotes Infoboxes Links External link templates Linking country articles Lists Main page Section Sources of articles Quick reference Standard boxes Stub types Translation
Other namespaces	Compact TOC Category File Talk Template User Userboxes User talk Wikipedia WikiProject banners
All namespaces	Deletion Speedy Formatting Maintenance Merging Moving Requested Navigation Redirect pages Functional index Language codes Splitting Wikimedia sister projects
Navboxes with templates	Archive Articles for deletion Birth, death and age Button Category header Citation and verifiability Citation Style 1 Deletion review Editnotice Hatnotes Help desk Inline cleanup Introduction cleanup IPA Math Notice and warnings Organization infoboxes Proposed article mergers Protection Quotation Redirects Search Semantics Speedy deletion Notices String-handling Sup and sub-related Top icon Transwiki maintenance Unicode User talk pages User noticeboard notices Userboxes User rights Userspace linking Userspace Disclaimers Wikibreak WikiLove
Inline images	Wikipedia icons Discussion icons Comment icons Emoji
Help pages	Template documentation Examples of templates Maintenance template removal Requested templates Template help Quick guide Template namespace
Related topics	WikiProject Templates Index Category
Search
Category

v t e Userspace messages and disclaimers
User pages	{{This is a user page}} {{User page}} {{User page mini}} {{Userpage bar}} {{Userpageblue&round}}
User talk pages	{{Message}} {{Not Christmas}} {{Talk header}} {{Talk header preload}} {{Talkpagecool}} {{User notification preference}} {{User talk}} {{User talk page mini}} {{User talk-page header}} {{User talk rules}} {{User talk top}} {{Usercomment}} {{Usertalk bar}} {{Usertalkback}} {{Usertalkconcise}} {{User talk criticism}} {{Usertalksuper}} {{Userwhisperback}}
Editnotices	{{Editnotice userpage}} {{User time zone editnotice}}
Drafts and sandboxes	{{User sandbox}} {{Userspace draft}} {{Workpage}} {{Userspace notes}} {{Draft article}} See also: {{Template draft}} {{Draft RfC}}
Blanking	{{Userpage blanked}} {{Courtesy blanked}} {{Intentionally blank}}
Category

v t e Sandbox-related templates
Headings	Sandbox heading (talk) Template sandbox heading File sandbox heading Tutorial sandbox heading (talk) Articles for creation sandbox heading
Reset messages	Sandbox reset Template sandbox reset
Other templates	Not a sandbox User sandbox

v t e Wikipedia language editions by article count
6,000,000+	English Cebuano
2,000,000+	German French Swedish Dutch Russian
1,000,000+	Arabic Chinese Egyptian Arabic Italian Japanese Persian Polish Portuguese Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Waray
100,000 –999,999	Afrikaans Albanian Armenian Asturian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bulgarian Burmese Cantonese Catalan Croatian Czech Danish Esperanto Estonian Finnish Galician Georgian Greek Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Indonesian Kazakh Korean Ladin Latin Latvian Macedonian Norwegian (Bokmål/Riksmål) Norwegian (Nynorsk) Romanian Serbian Serbo-Croatian Simple English Slovak Slovene Southern Min Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Turkish Urdu Uzbek Welsh
10,000 –99,999	Alemannic Aragonese Assamese Balinese Belarusian (Taraškievica) Bosnian Breton Chuvash Crimean Tatar Irish Javanese Kannada Kurdish (Kurmanji) Kurdish (Sorani) Maithili Malayalam Marathi Nepali Occitan Odia Ossetian Punjabi Samogitian Sanskrit Santali Scots Scottish Gaelic Silesian Sindhi Swahili Tagalog Volapük Western Punjabi Yiddish Zulu
<10,000	Bambara Bhojpuri Dutch Low Saxon Extremaduran Goan Konkani Guarani Kashmiri Northern Sami Ripuarian Tulu Wayuu Wolof
See also: List of Wikimedia wikis

v t e Useful links
Daily pages	CAT:HELP WP:ANI WP:BLPN WP:BOTN WP:COIN WP:DASH WP:FTN WP:HD WP:MCQ WP:NORN WP:NPOVN WP:PUMP (/A /M /P /R /T) WP:RD (/C /E /H /L /M /MA /S) WP:RFC (/MEDIA /BIO /ECON /HIST /LANG /NAME /PAG /PHIL /POLY /SCI /SOC /STYLE) WP:RFF WP:RSN WP:SPI WP:THIRD WP:DRV)
Things to do	CAT:BACKLOG CAT:M CAT:WRI WP:ABUSE WP:AFC WP:ASOF WP:DPWL WP:FAC WP:FAR WP:FPC WP:GAN WP:GAR WP:KIND WP:MISSING WP:PR WP:RD WP:RP WP:SPOKEN WP:UW WP:THQ WP:VITAL WP:WANTED WP:WC BrokenRedirects Disambigs LongPages NewPages OrphanPages TagsPages UncatImages UncatPages
Resources	CAT:HOWTO WP:AWARD WP:CATEGORY WP:CAT-R WP:CITE WP:CITET WP:COPYEDIT WP:CUTPASTE WP:CUV WP:DEPT WP:DFD WP:DISAMBIG WP:EDIT WP:FOOT WP:FORMULA WP:HAT WP:ICT WP:LAYOUT WP:LIBRARY WP:MAGIC WP:MERGE WP:PIFU WP:PRECEDENT WP:REDIRECT WP:STYLE WP:SUMMARY WP:TEMPLATE CatTree PrefixIndex
Policies / Guidelines	WP:3RR WP:ADMIN WP:AP WP:APPEAL WP:ATTACK WP:AUTOBIO WP:BAN WP:BLANK WP:BLOCK WP:BOLD WP:BOTPOL WP:BUILD WP:CANVASS WP:CFORK WP:CIVIL WP:CONFLICT WP:CONSENSUS WP:COPYRIGHT WP:DELETE WP:DISCLAIM WP:DISPUTE WP:DISRUPTIVE WP:DONTBITE WP:DPR WP:EP WP:ETIQ WP:EDITWAR WP:FRINGE WP:GAME WP:GOOGLE WP:HARASS WP:HOAX WP:IGNORE WP:IUP WP:LEAD WP:LEGAL WP:LIBEL WP:LINKS WP:LIST WP:LIVING WP:LOGOS WP:M WP:NAME WP:NONFREE WP:NONSENSE WP:NOT WP:NOTE WP:NPOV WP:NPS WP:OFFICE WP:ORIGINAL WP:OVERSIGHT WP:OWN WP:PACL WP:PD WP:PEACOCK WP:PERFORM WP:POINT WP:POLLING WP:PROD WP:PROTECT WP:RELIABLE WP:SELF WP:SOCK WP:SPAM WP:SPEEDY WP:STUB WP:TALK WP:TP WP:TRIVIA WP:USERBOX WP:USERNAME WP:USERPAGE WP:VANDAL WP:VANISH WP:VERIFY WP:WEASEL WP:WHEEL
Administrators	CAT:AB CAT:CSD CAT:PER CAT:RFU WP:AE WP:AIV WP:AN WP:ANEW WP:ARL WP:CP WP:DGFA WP:NAS WP:OP WP:RFA WP:RFARB WP:RFM WP:RFPP WP:RM WP:RSPAM WP:UAA BlockLog DelLog ProtectLog
External links	Article statistics Edit Counter FIST ISBNdb Link checker Make Reference MissingTopics Is Admin? Wikichecker WikiEN-l archives Wiki ToDo