List of next general elections

This is a list of the next general elections around the world in sovereign states. The general elections listed are for the government of each jurisdiction. These elections determine the prime minister and makeup of the legislature in a parliamentary democracy, or the president and then the legislature in a system where separate votes are taken for different tiers of government. In most jurisdictions, general elections are held between every three to five years, with presidential elections sometimes attaining six (Mexico and Russia since a 2008 amendment) or seven years (France's septennat until 2000).

A country's constitution may give elections a fixed timing (i.e. United States, Switzerland and Sweden) while some allow the government to dissolve Parliament and call a new vote up to a certain time limit (United Kingdom, Israel and Japan). Some constitutions may require parliaments to elect the head of state under threat of dissolution (Greece before 2019). In most countries, the election for the representative assembly determines the government. In all of the countries in the Americas that directly elect their president, the presidential and the legislative election is held at the same time (except in Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, and Venezuela); however, most countries in Europe split these elections and schedule them at different times.

International standards set a number of rules to judge whether the election is unfair. Some countries hold staged elections, but in most cases the election's outcome is the result of organized influence as per social choice theory. Human rights violations include "compromise of the right to participate in government through free elections",[1] the right to freedom of association,[2] or the right to free expression.[3] Elections may also be unfair if unlawful political campaign financing favours particular interest groups, or if the law implicitly favors some through this means. Finally, media ownership may also create significant media bias.[4] The National Democratic Institute also maintains a calendar of general elections.

List of next elections

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In cases where an election spans multiple days or has multiple phases, the first date of the election is presented in the table below. In cases where the exact date is unspecified, the latest possible date is listed in the "Next" column.

Africa

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Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
  Algeria 5 12 Jun 2021 2026 5 7 Sep 2024 Sep 2029 Dominant-party system FLN, RND, FM, El Binaa
  Angola 5 24 Aug 2022 2027 5 24 Aug 2022 2027 Dominant-party system, alleged fraud MPLA
  Benin 4 8 Jan 2023 2027 5 11 Apr 2021 2026 Political suppression UPR, BR
  Botswana 5 30 Oct 2024 2029 Dominant-party system BDP
  Burkina Faso 5 22 Nov 2020 Next 5 22 Nov 2020 Next Coup d'état Military junta
  Burundi 5 20 May 2020 2025 7 20 May 2020 2027 Dominant-party system CNDD–FDD
  Cameroon 5 9 Feb 2020 2025 7 7 Oct 2018 2025 Dominant-party system CPDM
  Cape Verde 5 18 Apr 2021 Apr 2026 5 17 Oct 2021 Oct 2026 MpD
  Central African Republic 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 Civil war MCU
  Chad 5 13 Feb 2011 29 Dec 2024 5 6 May 2024 2029 Insurgency MPS
  Comoros 5 19 Jan 2020 2025 5 14 Jan 2024 2029 CRC
  Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 20–24 Dec 2023 Dec 2028 5 20–24 Dec 2023 Dec 2028 Alleged fraud, insurgency USN
  Republic of the Congo 5 10 Jul 2022 2027 5 21 Mar 2021 March 2026 Dominant-party system PCT
  Djibouti 5 24 Feb 2023 Feb 2028 5 9 Apr 2021 Apr 2026 Dominant-party system UMP
  Egypt 5 24 Oct 2020 2025 6 10–12 Dec 2023 2030 Political suppression Mostaqbal Watan
  Equatorial Guinea 5 20 Nov 2022 2027 7 20 Nov 2022 2029 Dominant-party system, political suppression PDGE
  Eritrea One-party state, does not hold elections PFDJ
  Eswatini 5 29 Sep 2023 2028 Absolute monarchy, Parliament has very limited powers King of Eswatini
  Ethiopia 5 21 Jun 2021 2026 6 7 Oct 2024 2030 Dominant-party system Prosperity Party
  Gabon 5 26 Aug 2023 2025 5 26 Aug 2023 2025 Coup d'état Military junta
  Gambia 5 22 Apr 2022 2027 5 4 Dec 2021 Dec 2026 NPP
  Ghana 4 7 Dec 2020 7 Dec 2024 4 7 Dec 2020 7 Dec 2024 Two-party system NPP
  Guinea 5 22 Mar 2020 Next 6 18 Oct 2020 Next Coup d'état Military junta
  Guinea-Bissau 4 4 Jun 2023 2027 5 24 Nov 2019 2024 Madem G15
  Ivory Coast 5 6 Mar 2021 Mar 2026 5 31 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 RHDP
  Kenya 5 9 Aug 2022 2027 5 9 Aug 2022 2027 UDA
  Lesotho 5 7 Oct 2022 2027 RFP
  Liberia 6 10 Oct 2023 Oct 2029 6 10 Oct 2023 Oct 2029 UP
  Libya 5 25 Jun 2014 Next 5 Next Recent civil wars Government of National Unity
  Madagascar 5 29 May 2024 May 2029 5 16 Nov 2023 Nov 2028 TGV
  Malawi 5 21 May 2019 Sep 2025 5 23 Jun 2020 Sep 2025 MCP
  Mali 5 29 Mar 2020 Next 5 29 Jul 2018 Next Coup d'état Military junta
  Mauritania 5 13 May 2023 2028 5 29 Jun 2024 Jun 2029 Alleged fraud El Insaf
  Mauritius 5 30 Nov 2024 Nov 2029 5 30 Nov 2024 Nov 2029 MSM
  Morocco 5 8 Sep 2021 2026 RNI, PAM, PI
  Mozambique 5 9 Oct 2024 Oct 2029 5 9 Oct 2024 Oct 2029 Dominant-party system FRELIMO
  Namibia 5 27 Nov 2024 Nov 2029 5 27 Nov 2024 Nov 2029 Dominant-party system SWAPO
  Niger 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 5 27 Dec 2020 2025 Coup d'état Military junta
  Nigeria 4 23 Feb 2023 Feb 2027 4 23 Feb 2023 Feb 2027 APC
  Rwanda 5 15 Jul 2024 2029 5 15 Jul 2024 2029 Dominant-party system, political suppression FPR
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3 8–9 Apr 2023 2026 3 13–20 Jan 2023 2026 One-party state Polisario Front
  Sao Tome and Principe 4 25 Sep 2022 2026 5 18 Jul 2021 2026 ADI
  Senegal 5 31 Jul 2022 2027 5 24 Mar 2024 2029 PASTEF
  Seychelles 5 22–24 Oct 2020 2025 5 22–24 Oct 2020 2025 LDS
  Sierra Leone 5 24 Jun 2023 2028 5 24 Jun 2023 2028 SLPP
  Somalia 4 2021–2022 2026 5 15 May 2022 2027 Political crisis Tayo
  Somaliland 5 31 May 2021 2026 5 13 Nov 2024 13 Nov 2029 Violence, delayed elections Waddani, UCID
  South Africa 5 29 May 2024 May 2029 Government of National Unity
  South Sudan 4 22 Dec 2026 4 22 Dec 2026 Recent civil war SPLM
  Sudan 5 13 Apr 2015 Next 5 13 Apr 2015 Next Civil war Military junta
  Tanzania 5 25 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 5 25 Oct 2020 Oct 2025 Dominant-party system CCM
  Togo 5 29 Apr 2024 2029 5 22 Feb 2020 2025 Dominant-party system UNIR
  Tunisia 5 17 Dec 2022 2027 5 6 Oct 2024 2029 Political suppression 25th of July Movement
  Uganda 5 14 Jan 2021 2026 5 14 Jan 2021 2026 Dominant-party system NRM
  Zambia 5 12 Aug 2021 2026 5 12 Aug 2021 2026 UPND
  Zimbabwe 5 23 Aug 2023 2028 5 23 Aug 2023 2028 Dominant-party system, alleged fraud ZANU–PF

Americas

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Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
  Antigua and Barbuda 5 18 Jan 2023 2028 ABLP
  Argentina 2 22 Oct 2023 2025 4 22 Oct 2023 2027 LLA
  Bahamas 5 16 Sep 2021 2026 Two-party system PLP
  Barbados 5 19 Jan 2022 2027 4 20 Oct 2021 2025 Two-party system BLP
  Belize 5 11 Nov 2020 2025 Two-party system PUP
  Bolivia 5 18 Oct 2020 17 Aug 2025 5 18 Oct 2020 17 Aug 2025 Dominant-party system MAS-IPSP
  Brazil 4 2 Oct 2022 4 Oct 2026 4 2 Oct 2022 4 Oct 2026 PT
  Canada 4 20 Sep 2021 2025 Liberal
  Chile 4 21 Nov 2021 23 Nov 2025 4 21 Nov 2021 23 Nov 2025 AdG
  Colombia 4 13 Mar 2022 2026 4 29 May 2022 2026 PHxC
  Costa Rica 4 6 Feb 2022 2026 4 6 Feb 2022 2026 PPSD
  Cuba 5 23 Mar 2023 2028 5 19 Apr 2023 2028 One-party state PCC
  Dominica 5 6 Dec 2022 2028 5 27 Sep 2023 2028 Dominant-party system DLP
  Dominican Republic 4 19 May 2024 2028 4 19 May 2024 2028 PRM
  Ecuador 4 20 Aug 2023 9 Feb 2025 4 20 Aug 2023 9 Feb 2025 ADN
  El Salvador 3 4 Feb 2024 Feb 2027 5 4 Feb 2024 Feb 2029 NI
  Grenada 5 23 Jun 2022 2027 NDC
  Guatemala 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 Movimiento Semilla
  Guyana 5 2 Mar 2020 2025 5 2 Mar 2020 2025 Two-party system PPP/C
  Haiti 6 9 Aug 2015 2025 5 20 Nov 2016 2025 Gang war, political crisis Transitional Presidential Council
  Honduras 4 28 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 4 28 Nov 2021 Nov 2025 Libre
  Jamaica 5 3 Sep 2020 2025 Two-party system JLP
  Mexico 3 2 Jun 2024 Jun 2027 6 2 Jun 2024 Jun 2030 Violence, drug war Morena
  Nicaragua 5 7 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 5 7 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 Political suppression FSLN
  Panama 5 5 May 2024 5 May 2029 5 5 May 2024 5 May 2029 RM
  Paraguay 5 30 Apr 2023 2028 5 30 Apr 2023 2028 Dominant-party system Colorado
  Peru 5 11 Apr 2021 12 Apr 2026 5 11 Apr 2021 12 Apr 2026 Political unrest Caretaker government
  Puerto Rico 4 5 Nov 2024 7 Nov 2028 4 5 Nov 2024 7 Nov 2028 Two-party system PNP
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 5 Aug 2022 2027 SKNLP
  Saint Lucia 5 26 Jul 2021 2026 SLP
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5 5 Nov 2020 2025 Dominant-party system ULP
  Suriname 5 25 May 2020 May 2025 5 25 May 2020 May 2025 VHP, ABOP, NPS, PL
  Trinidad and Tobago 5 10 Aug 2020 2025 5 20 Jan 2023 2028 Two-party system PNM
  United States 2 5 Nov 2024 3 Nov 2026 4 5 Nov 2024 7 Nov 2028 Two-party system Democratic
  Uruguay 5 27 Oct 2024 Oct 2029 5 27 Oct 2024 Oct 2029 PN
  Venezuela 5 6 Dec 2020 2025 6 28 Jul 2024 2030 Political suppression, disputed elections, political unrest PSUV

Asia

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Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
  Afghanistan 20 Oct 2018 28 Sep 2019 Autocracy, does not hold elections Taliban
  Bahrain 4 12 Nov 2022 2026 Political suppression Independents
  Bangladesh 5 7 Jan 2024 TBD 5 13 Feb 2023 2028 Dominant-party system Awami League
  Bhutan 5 9 Jan 2024 2029 PDP
  Brunei 20 Mar 1965 Absolute monarchy, does not hold elections Sultan of Brunei
  Cambodia 5 23 Jul 2023 2028 Authoritarian state CPP
  China 5 Oct 2022–Feb 2023 2027 5 10 Mar 2023 2028 One-party state, indirectly elected legislature CCP
  East Timor 5 21 May 2023 2028 5 19 Mar 2022 2027 CNRT and PD
  Hong Kong 4 19 Dec 2021 2025 5 8 May 2022 28 Mar 2027 Political suppression Pro-Beijing camp
  India 5 19 Apr 2024 2029 5 18 Jul 2022 2027 BJP
  Indonesia 5 14 Feb 2024 2029 5 14 Feb 2024 2029 Alleged fraud Advanced Indonesia Coalition
  Iran 4 1 Mar 2024 2028 4 28 Jun 2024 2028 Candidates must be approved by Guardian Council Principlists
  Iraq 4 10 Oct 2021 2025 4 13 Oct 2022 2026 War, clashes, protests Multi-party coalition
  Israel 4 1 Nov 2022 2026 7 2 Jun 2021 2028 War Coalition
  Japan 4 27 Oct 2024 Oct 2028 Dominant-party system LDP and Kōmeitō
  Jordan 4 10 Sep 2024 2028 Political suppression Independents
  Kazakhstan 5 19 Mar 2023 2028 7 20 Nov 2022 2029 Authoritarian state, sham elections Amanat
  Kuwait 4 4 Apr 2024 2028 Political suppression Independents
  Kyrgyzstan 5 28 Nov 2021 2025 6 10 Jan 2021 2027 Mekenchil-led coalition
  Laos 5 21 Feb 2021 2026 One-party state LPRP
  Lebanon 4 15 May 2022 2026 6 2014–2016 2026 Caretaker government
  Macau 4 12 Sep 2021 2025 5 13 Oct 2024 2029 Political suppression Pro-Beijing camp
  Malaysia 5 19 Nov 2022 2028 PH-led coalition
  Maldives 5 21 Apr 2024 Apr 2029 5 30 Sep 2023 2028 PNC
  Mongolia 4 28 Jun 2024 Jun 2028 6 9 Jun 2021 Jun 2027 MPP
  Myanmar 5 8 Nov 2020 2025–2027 Authoritarian state, civil war Military junta
    Nepal 5 18 Nov 2022 2027 5 9 Mar 2023 2028 CPN (MC) and CPN (UML)
  North Korea 5 10 Mar 2019 2024 One-party state WPK
  Oman 4 29 Oct 2023 Oct 2027 Absolute monarchy, elections to Consultative Assembly Sultan of Oman
  Pakistan 5 8 Feb 2024 2029 5 9 Mar 2024 2029 Political suppression, clashes PML(N)-led coalition
  Palestine 4 25 Jan 2006 Next 4 9 Jan 2005 Next War, no elections held for over 16 years Fatah (West Bank), Hamas (Gaza)
  Philippines 3 9 May 2022 12 May 2025 6 9 May 2022 2028 Alleged fraud[5] UniTeam Alliance
  Qatar 4 2 Oct 2021 Oct 2025 Political suppression Independents
  Saudi Arabia Absolute monarchy, does not hold elections King of Saudi Arabia
  Singapore 5 10 Jul 2020 23 Nov 2025 6 1 Sep 2023 2029 Dominant-party system PAP
  South Korea 4 10 Apr 2024 Apr 2028 5 9 Mar 2022 2027 Two-party system PPP
  Sri Lanka 5 5 Aug 2020 14 Nov 2024 5 21 Sep 2024 2029 NPP
  Syria 4 15 Jul 2024 2028 7 26 May 2021 2028 Authoritarian state, civil war Ba'ath
  Taiwan 4 13 Jan 2024 2028 4 13 Jan 2024 2028 DPP
  Tajikistan 5 1 Mar 2020 2025 7 11 Oct 2020 2027 Authoritarian state, sham elections PDP
  Thailand 4 14 May 2023 2027 Military interference, Parliament system , Semi-Democracy PTP-led coalition
  Turkmenistan 5 26 Mar 2023 2028 7 12 Mar 2022 2029 Authoritarian state, sham elections TDP
  United Arab Emirates 4 7 Oct 2023 2027 5 Absolute monarchy, indirect election to advisory Federal National Council. Federal Supreme Council
  Uzbekistan 5 27 Oct 2024 2029 7 9 Jul 2023 2030 Authoritarian state, sham elections UzLiDeP and Milliy Tiklanish
  Vietnam 5 23 May 2021 May 2026 5 One-party state CPV
  Yemen 6 27 Apr 2003 Next 7 21 Feb 2012 Next Protests, civil war, no elections held for 20 years GPC

Europe

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Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
  Abkhazia 5 12 Mar 2022 2027 5 22 Mar 2020 2025 Independents
  Albania 4 25 Apr 2021 2025 5 16 May 2022 2027 PS
  Andorra 4 2 Apr 2023 2027 DACC
  Armenia 5 20 Jun 2021 2026 7 3 Mar 2022 2025 Civil Contract
  Austria 5 29 Sep 2024 Sep 2029 6 9 Oct 2022 2028 ÖVP, Greens coalition
  Azerbaijan 5 1 Sep 2024 2029 7 7 Feb 2024 2031 Dominant-party system, authoritarian state YAP
  Belarus 4 25 Feb 2024 2028 5 9 Aug 2020 2025 Sham elections, authoritarian state, political suppression Belaya Rus
  Belgium 5 9 Jun 2024 2029 MR, Open VLD, PS, Vooruit, Ecolo, Groen, CD&V coalition
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 2 Oct 2022 2026 4 2 Oct 2022 2026 SNSD, SDP BiH, HDZ BiH, NiP, DNS, NS, BHZ minority coalition
  Bulgaria 4 27 Oct 2024 2028 4 14 Nov 2021 Nov 2026 Political crisis Caretaker government
  Croatia 4 17 Apr 2024 2028 5 22 Dec 2019 29 Dec 2024 HDZ, DP coalition
  Cyprus 5 30 May 2021 May 2026 5 5 Feb 2023 2028 DIKO, DiPa, EDEK minority coalition
  Czech Republic 4 9 Oct 2021 2025 5 13 Jan 2023 Jan 2028 Spolu, Pirates and Mayors coalition
  Denmark 4 1 Nov 2022 2026 A, V, M coalition
  Estonia 4 5 Mar 2023 2027 5 30 Aug 2021 30 Aug 2026 Reform, SDE, E200 coalition
  European Union 5 6-9 Jun 2024 2029 EPP, S&D, Renew coalition
  Finland 4 2 Apr 2023 18 Apr 2027 6 28 Jan 2024 2030 Kok., PS, KD, SFP coalition
  France 5 30 Jun 2024 2029 5 10 Apr 2022 Apr 2027 Ensemble, LR minority coalition
  Georgia 4 26 Oct 2024 Oct 2028 5 Oct 2024 Oct 2029 Political unrest Georgian Dream
  Germany 4 26 Sep 2021 23 Feb 2025 5 13 Feb 2022 Feb 2027 SPD, FDP, Greens coalition
  Greece 4 25 Jun 2023 2027 5 22 Jan 2020 2025 ND
  Hungary 4 3 Apr 2022 2026 5 26 Feb 2024 2029 Dominant-party system Fidesz–KDNP
  Iceland 4 30 Nov 2024 2028 4 1 Jun 2024 2028 Independence, FSF, VG coalition
  Ireland 5 29 Nov 2024 2029 7 26 Oct 2018 Oct 2025 FF, FG, Green coalition
  Italy 5 25 Sep 2022 2027 7 24 Jan 2022 2029 Centre-right coalition
  Kosovo 4 14 Feb 2021 2025 5 3 Apr 2021 2026 LVV, Guxo, PDS, IRDK, KDTP, NDS coalition
  Latvia 4 1 Oct 2022 2026 4 31 May 2023 2027 Unity, ZZS, PRO coalition
  Liechtenstein 4 7 Feb 2021 9 Feb 2025 Two-party system VU, FBP coalition
  Lithuania 4 13 Oct 2024 2028 5 12 May 2024 2029 TS–LKD, LRLS, LP coalition
  Luxembourg 5 8 Oct 2023 Oct 2028 CSV, DP coalition
  Malta 5 26 Mar 2022 2027 5 27 Mar 2024 2029 Two-party system Labour
  Moldova 4 11 Jul 2021 2025 4 20 Oct 2024 Oct 2028 Political unrest PAS
  Monaco 5 5 Feb 2023 2028 UNM
  Montenegro 4 11 Jun 2023 2027 5 19 Mar 2023 2028 PES, ZBCG, DCG, BS, SNPCivis, AF, AA, UDSh coalition
  Netherlands 4 22 Nov 2023 2027 PVV, VVD, NSC, BBB coalition
  North Macedonia 4 8 May 2024 2028 5 24 Apr 2024 Apr 2029 VMRO-DPMNE, VLEN, ZNAM coalition
  Northern Cyprus 4 23 Jan 2022 2026 5 11 Oct 2020 2025 UDP, DP, YDP coalition
  Norway 4 13 Sep 2021 8 Sep 2025 A/Ap, Sp minority coalition
  Poland 4 15 Oct 2023 2027 5 28 Jun 2020 2025 KO, PL2050, PSL, NL coalition
  Portugal 4 10 Mar 2024 2028 5 24 Jan 2021 Jan 2026 PSD, CDS–PP minority coalition
  Romania 4 6 Dec 2020 1 Dec 2024 5 10 Nov 2019 24 Nov 2024 PSD, PNL coalition
  Russia 5 19 Sep 2021 2026 6 17 Mar 2024 Mar 2030 Sham elections, authoritarian state, political suppression, war United Russia
  San Marino 5 9 Jun 2024 2029 PDCS, LiberaPS, PSD, AR coalition
  Serbia 4 17 Dec 2023 2027 5 3 Apr 2022 2027 Political unrest, electoral fraud SNS, SPS, DSHV, PUPS, SDPS, SPP, JS, SSZ, PS, SNP coalition
  Slovakia 4 30 Sep 2023 2027 5 23 Mar 2024 Mar 2029 Smer–SD, Hlas–SD, SNS coalition
  Slovenia 4 24 Apr 2022 2026 5 23 Oct 2022 2027 GS, SD, Levica coalition
  South Ossetia 5 9 Jun 2024 2029 5 10 Apr 2022 2027 Multi-party coalition
  Spain 4 23 Jul 2023 2027 Political unrest PSOE, Sumar minority coalition
  Sweden 4 11 Sep 2022 13 Sep 2026 M, KD, L minority coalition
   Switzerland 4 22 Oct 2023 Oct 2027 1 13 Dec 2023 Dec 2024 see Federal Council
  Transnistria 5 29 Nov 2020 2025 5 12 Dec 2021 2026 Dominant-party system, authoritarian state Obnovlenie
  Turkey 5 14 May 2023 2028 5 14 May 2023 2028 Competitive authoritarianism AKP
  Ukraine 5 21 Jul 2019 Next 5 31 Mar 2019 Next War SN
  United Kingdom 5 4 July 2024 2029 Labour
  Vatican City Absolute monarchy, chosen by conclave Pope
  •   Artsakh was dissolved on 1 January 2024 and so held no further elections. It last held a general election in 2020.

Oceania

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Country Legislative election Presidential election Fairness In power now
Term Last Next Term Last Next
  Australia 3 21 May 2022 2025 Labor
  Cook Islands 4 1 Aug 2022 2026 Cook Islands Party
  Fiji 4 14 Dec 2022 2026 3 31 Oct 2024 Oct 2027 People's Alliance, NFP, SODELPA
  Kiribati 4 14 Aug 2024 2028 4 25 Oct 2024 2028 TKP
  Marshall Islands 4 20 Nov 2023 2027 4 3 Jan 2024 2028 (no political parties)
  Micronesia 2 7 Mar 2023 2025 4 11 May 2023 2027 (no political parties)
  Nauru 3 24 Sep 2022 2025 3 28 Sep 2022 2025 (no political parties)
  New Zealand 3 14 Oct 2023 2026 National, ACT, NZ First
  Niue 3 29 Apr 2023 2026 (no political parties)
  Palau 4 5 Nov 2024 7 Nov 2028 4 5 Nov 2024 7 Nov 2028 (no political parties)
  Papua New Guinea 5 4–22 Jul 2022 2027 Pangu Pati
  Samoa 5 9 Apr 2021 2026 5 23 Aug 2022 2027 FAST
  Solomon Islands 4 17 Apr 2024 2028 OUR Party, People First, Kadere Party
  Tonga 4 18 Nov 2021 2025 (no political parties)
  Tuvalu 4 26 Jan 2024 2028 (no political parties)
  Vanuatu 4 13 Oct 2022 2026 5 21 Jul 2022 July 2027 Broad coalition

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 21.
  2. ^ UDHR, article 20.
  3. ^ UDHR article 19
  4. ^ OSCE, Election Observation Handbook (6th edn 2010) 18–22, 31, 37 and Annex A
  5. ^ Fernandez, Daniza (12 May 2022). "Duterte to Comelec: Probe alleged electoral fraud, disabuse people's minds". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 23 May 2022.