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The Patriotic Salvation Movement (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ;[romanization needed] French: Mouvement patriotique du salut, MPS) is the ruling political party in Chad.
Patriotic Salvation Movement Mouvement Patriotique du Salut | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Arabic name | الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ |
| Abbreviation | MPS |
| President | Haroun Kabadi |
| Secretary-General | Mahamat Zen Bada |
| Honorary President | Mahamat Déby[1] |
| Founder | Idriss Déby Abbas Koty Bada Abbas Maldoum Hissein Dassert |
| Founded | 11 March 1990 |
| Merger of | 1 April Movement MOSONAT FAT/MRP |
| Ideology | Nationalism Authoritarianism[4] Secularism[5] |
| Political position | Big tent |
| Slogan | Mourir pour le Salut ('Dying for Salvation') |
| Seats in the National Assembly | 110 / 188 |
| Website | |
| www.mps-tchad.org | |
History
editAfter Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the 1 April Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing and carried out attacks across the border into Chad. The MPS was founded in Sudan on 10 March 1990 through the merger of the 1 April Movement with other anti-Habre groups in exile. After a successful offensive in November 1990, Déby and the MPS came to power on 2 December 1990, when their forces entered N'Djamena, the Chadian capital.[6]
Déby was the MPS candidate in the 1996 presidential election and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the presidential election of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to IPU Parline 113 out of 155 seats. In the May 2006 presidential election, Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote.
Election history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| 1996 | Idriss Déby | 1,016,277 | 43.82% | 2,102,907 | 69.09% | Elected 
|
| 2001 | 1,533,509 | 63.17% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2006 | 1,863,042 | 64.67% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2011 | 2,503,813 | 88.66% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2016 | 2,219,352 | 59.92% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2021[a] | 3,663,431 | 79.32% | — | — | Elected
| |
| 2024 | Mahamat Déby | 3,777,279 | 61.00% | — | — | Elected
|
- ^ After the 2021 election Idriss Déby died before the inauguration due injury while leading troop during the Northern Chad offensive.
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First round | Second round | ||||||||
| 1997 | 504,045 | 40.0% | 262,060% | 34.4% | 65 / 125
|
 65
|
1st
|
Majority government | |
| 2002 | Nagoum Yamassoum | — | — | 113 / 155
|
48
|
 1st
|
Supermajority government | ||
| 2011 | Haroun Kabadi | in alliance with RDP and RNDP | 134 / 187
|
21
|
1st
|
MPS–RDP–RNDP coalition government | |||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate". Voice of America. The Standard. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Staff member. "Tchad: La dictature continue par d'autres moyens". Civicus Lens. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ Picco, Enrica; Bouessel, Charles. "Chad: Averting the Risk of Post-transition Instability". Crisis Group. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ [2][3]
- ^ https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/td1991.htm [bare URL]
- ^ Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms", Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 274–275.
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