Wikipedia

Visa requirements for South Korean citizens

Visa requirements for South Korean citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of South Korea.

Passport of the Republic of Korea (South Korea)

As of 2024, South Korean citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 193 countries and territories, ranking the South Korean passport 2nd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

As of 2024, the passports of South Korea, Andorra, Brunei, Chile, Israel and Palau are the only ones to provide visa-free access to all G8 countries, and the passports of South Korea, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Hong Kong, Israel, Palau and Uruguay are the only ones to provide visa free access to all European countries.[a]

Visa requirements map

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Visa requirements for South Korean nationals holding ordinary passports
  South Korea
  Visit Certificate from the Ministry of Unification required
  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA / eVisitor
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required
  Travel banned by the South Korean government due to safety concerns

Visa requirements

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Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:

Country / Region Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
  Afghanistan Travel banned[2]
  • Travel has been banned since August 2021 due to Taliban recapturing Kabul.
  Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
  Algeria Visa required[4]
  Andorra Visa not required[5]
  Angola Visa not required[6] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[7]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[8]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
  Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[9] 6 months
  Argentina Visa not required[10] 90 days
  Armenia Visa not required[11] 180 days
  • From 15 April 2023, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting within 10km from the Azerbaijani border.[12]
  Australia Electronic Travel Authority[13] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted. May enter using SmartGate on arrival in Australia.[14]
  Austria Visa not required[15] 90 days
  Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[16][17] 30 days
  • Upon arrival at the any international airport, you can obtain visa through a kiosk.
  • From 15 April 2023, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting within 5km from the Armenian border.[18]
  Bahamas Visa not required[19] 3 months
  Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[20] 14 days
  Bangladesh Visa on arrival[21] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[22]
  Barbados Visa not required[23] 90 days
  Belarus Visa not required[24] 30 days
  • Must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport.
  • From 8 March 2022, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting within 30km from the Ukrainian border.[25]
  Belgium Visa not required[26] 90 days
  Belize Visa not required[27] 90 days
  Benin eVisa[28][29] 30 days
  Bhutan eVisa[30][31]
  • Pre-arranged visa on arrival available.
  Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[32] 30 days[33]
  • Visa prior to arrival (USD 30), visa on arrival (around USD 120).
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[34] 90 days
  Botswana Visa not required[35] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period.
  Brazil Visa not required[36] 90 days
  Brunei Visa not required[37] 30 days
  Bulgaria Visa not required[38] 90 days
  Burkina Faso eVisa[39][40]
  Burundi Visa on arrival[41] 1 month
  Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[42][43] 30 days
  Cameroon eVisa[44][45]
  Canada Electronic Travel Authorization[46] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[47] Also an eTA not required when arriving by car, bus, train or boat (including a cruise ship).
  Cape Verde Visa on arrival[48] 30 days
  • Available at Sal, Boa Vista, São Vicente, or Santiago international airports. Cost for a visa on arrival is around EUR 25.[49]
  Central African Republic Visa required[50]
  Chad Visa required[51]
  Chile Visa not required[52] 90 days
  China Visa not required[53] 30 days[54]
  Colombia Visa not required[57] 90 days
  Comoros Visa on arrival[58] 45 days
  Republic of the Congo Visa required[59]
  Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[60][61] 7 days
  Costa Rica Visa not required[62] 90 days
  Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[63][64] 3 months
  Croatia Visa not required[65] 90 days
  Cuba Tourist card required[66] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
  Cyprus Visa not required[67] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Czech Republic Visa not required[68] 90 days
  Denmark Visa not required[69] 90 days
  Djibouti eVisa[70][71] 90 days
  Dominica Visa not required[72] 6 months
  Dominican Republic Visa not required[73] 90 days
  Ecuador Visa not required[74] 90 days
  Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[75][76] 30 days
  El Salvador Visa not required[77] 3 months
  Equatorial Guinea eVisa[78][79]
  Eritrea Visa required[80]
  Estonia Visa not required[81] 90 days
  Eswatini Visa not required[82] 30 days[83]
  Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[84] up to 90 days
  Fiji Visa not required[87] 4 months
  Finland Visa not required[88] 90 days
  France Visa not required[89] 90 days
  Gabon eVisa[90] 90 days
  Gambia Visa required[92]
  • An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.
  Georgia Visa not required[93] 1 year
  Germany Visa not required[94] 90 days
  Ghana Visa required[95]
  Greece Visa not required[96] 90 days
  Grenada Visa not required[97] 3 months
  Guatemala Visa not required[98] 90 days
  Guinea eVisa[99][100] 90 days
  Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[101] 90 days
  Guyana Visa not required[102] 30 days
  Haiti Travel banned[103]
  • From 1 May 2024, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Haiti.[104]
  Honduras Visa not required[105] 3 months
  Hungary Visa not required[106] 90 days
  Iceland Visa not required[107] 90 days
  India eVisa / Visa on arrival[108][109] 60 days
  • Visa on Arrival is only granted at Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai airport.
  • South Korean citizens can also apply for e-Visa online for 30 days.
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 2] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 3][110]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[111]
  Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[112] 30 days[113]
  Iran eVisa[114][115] 30 days
  Iraq Travel banned[116]
  • Since 2004, it has been recommended to refrain from entering Iraq due to the danger of Al Qaeda, and since August 7, 2007, penalties have been introduced for Koreans entering Iraq.
  Ireland Visa not required[117] 3 months
  Israel Visa not required[118] 3 months
  Italy Visa not required[119] 90 days
  Jamaica Visa not required[120] 90 days
  Japan Visa not required[121] 90 days
  Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[122][123]
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
  Kazakhstan Visa not required[124] 30 days
  • 60 days within any 180 day period.
  Kenya Electronic Travel Authorization[125][126] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[127]
  Kiribati Visa not required[128] 30 days
  North Korea Particular visit regime[129]
  • Nationals of either Koreas seeking to visit the other must submit the North/South Korea visitation verification certificate and the Departure card to the Immigration Officer at the immigration port and go through immigration inspection. Also, nationals of South Korea must seek governmental authorization before departure.[130]
  Kosovo Visa not required[131] 90 days
  Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[132][133] 3 months
  Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[134] 60 days
  Laos Visa not required[135][136] 30 days[137]
  Latvia Visa not required[138] 90 days
  Lebanon Free visa on arrival[139] 1 month
  Lesotho Visa not required[140] 60 days
  Liberia Visa required[141]
  Libya eVisa[142][143]
  Liechtenstein Visa not required[144] 90 days
  Lithuania Visa not required[145] 90 days
  Luxembourg Visa not required[146] 90 days
  Madagascar Visa on arrival[147] 60 days
  Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[148][149] 90 days
  Malaysia Visa not required[150] 90 days
  Maldives Free visa on arrival[151] 30 days
  Mali Visa required[152]
  Malta Visa not required[153] 90 days
  Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[154] 90 days
  Mauritania Visa on arrival[155]
  Mauritius Visa not required[156] 90 days
  Mexico Visa not required[157] 180 days
  Micronesia Visa not required[158] 30 days
  Moldova Visa not required[159] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Monaco Visa not required[160]
  Mongolia Visa not required[161] 90 days
  • To support the tourism industry, citizens of the Republic of Korea who travel to Mongolia for up to 90 days for tourism purposes are exempted from Mongolian visa requirements.
  • Korean citizens are exempted from visa Mongolia for only 3 years, this decision is effective from June 1, 2022, to December 31, 2024.[162]
  Montenegro Visa not required[163] 90 days
  Morocco Visa not required[164] 3 months
  Mozambique Visa not required[165][166] 30 days
  • Travelers must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry.
  Myanmar eVisa[167][168] 28 days
  Namibia Visa on arrival[170] 3 months
  Nauru Visa required[171]
  • Pre-arranged visa on arrival is available. (Simplified visa procedure is available. not exceeding 3 months of stay)
    Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[172] 90 days[173]
  Netherlands Visa not required[174] 90 days
  New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[175] 3 months
  • May enter using eGate.[176]
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[177]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[178] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[177]
  Nicaragua Visa not required[179] 90 days
  Niger Visa required[180]
  • Pre-arranged visa on arrival is available.
  Nigeria eVisa[181][182] 90 days
  North Macedonia Visa not required[183] 90 days
  Norway Visa not required[184] 90 days
  Oman Visa not required / eVisa[185][186] 14 days / 30 days
  • Issued free of charge.
  Pakistan eVisa[187][188] 90 days
  Palau Free visa on arrival[189] 30 days
  • Can be extended by twice only with a fee.
  Panama Visa not required[190] 90 days
  Papua New Guinea eVisa[191][192] 60 days
  Paraguay Visa not required[193] 30 days
  Peru Visa not required[194] 90 days
  Philippines Visa not required[195] 30 days
  Poland Visa not required[197] 90 days
  Portugal Visa not required[198] 90 days
  Qatar Visa not required[199] 90 days
  Romania Visa not required[200] 90 days
  Russia Visa not required[201] 60 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  • From 8 March 2022, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting within 30km from the Ukrainian border.[202]
  Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[203][204] 30 days
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[127]
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[205] 3 months
  Saint Lucia Visa not required[206] 6 weeks
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[207] 3 month
  Samoa Visa not required[208] 90 days
  San Marino Visa not required[209]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[210] 15 days[211]
  Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[212][213] 90 days
  Senegal Visa not required[214] 90 days
  Serbia Visa not required[215] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Seychelles Electronic Border System[216] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
  Singapore Visa not required[217] 90 days
  Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[218][219] 3 months / 30 days
  Slovakia Visa not required[220] 90 days
  Slovenia Visa not required[221] 90 days
  Solomon Islands Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[222] 3 months
  Somalia Travel banned[223]
  • Since 2006, due to safety concerns, South Koreans have been requested to refrain from entering Somalia, and since August 7, 2007, Koreans entering Somalia are subject to punishment.
  South Africa Visa not required [224] 30 days
  South Sudan eVisa[225][226]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
  Spain Visa not required[227] 90 days
  Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[228][229] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[230]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
  Sudan Travel banned[231]
  • From 29 April 2023, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Sudan during 2023 Sudan conflict.
  Suriname Visa not required[232][233] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[234]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[235]
  Sweden Visa not required[236] 90 days
   Switzerland Visa not required[237][238] 90 days
  Syria Travel banned[239]
  Tajikistan Visa not required / eVisa[240] 30 days / 60 days
  • e-Visa also available.[241]
  • e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
  Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[242][243] 90 days
  Thailand Visa not required[244] 90 days
  Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[245] 30 days
  Togo eVisa[246][247] 15 days
  Tonga Free visa on arrival[248] 31 days
  Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[249] 90 days
  Tunisia Visa not required[250] 90 days
  Turkey Visa not required[251] 90 days
  Turkmenistan Visa required[252]
  • Pre-arranged visa on arrival is available.
  Tuvalu Free visa on arrival[253] 1 month
  • Visa fee is free.
  Uganda eVisa[254][255] 3 months
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[127]
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.
  Ukraine Travel banned[256]
  • Previously, Koreans were visa-free for 90 days within 180 days.
  • From 13 February 2022, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Ukraine.
  United Arab Emirates Visa not required[257] 90 days
  United Kingdom Visa not required[258] 6 months
  United States Visa Waiver Program[259][260][261] 90 days
  • ESTA is valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.[262]
  • ESTA is also required when entering the country by cruise ship or land.[263]
  • Visa required for nationals of VWP countries who have travelled or been present in Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen at any time on or after 1 March 2011 (with limited exceptions), or those who have travelled or being present in Cuba at any time on or after 12 January 2021, or nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Iraq, Syria, Iran, North Korea or Sudan.
  • ESTA is not required for Guam and Northern Mariana Islands.
  Uruguay Visa not required[264] 90 days
  Uzbekistan Visa not required[265] 30 days
  Vanuatu Visa not required[266] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[267]
  Venezuela Visa not required[268] 90 days
  Vietnam Visa not required[269] 45 days
  • A single entry e-Visa valid for 90 days is also available.[270]
  Yemen Travel banned[271]
  Zambia Visa not required[272] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
  Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[273] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Territories and disputed areas

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Visa requirements for South Korean citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
  Abkhazia Visa required[274]
  • Visa obtainable after arrival.
  Mount Athos Special permit required
  • Special permit required (4 days: EUR 25 for Orthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students).
    There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[275][276]
  ATO zone Special permission required[277]
  Brest and Grodno Visa not required
  • Visa-free for 10 days[278]
  Crimea Visa not required
  • Visa policy of Russia applies de facto.[279]
  Northern Cyprus Visa not required
  UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[281]
  • Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
  Faroe Islands Visa not required[282]
  Gibraltar Visa not required[283]
  Guernsey Visa not required[284]
  Isle of Man Visa not required[285]
  Jan Mayen Permit required
  • Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[286] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[287]
  Jersey Visa not required[288]
  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[289][290]
  Russia Special authorization required
  South Ossetia Visa not required
  • Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[293][294]
  Transnistria Visa not required
Africa
  British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required
  • Special permit required.[297]
  Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required
  • To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[298]
  Mayotte Visa not required[299]
  Réunion Visa not required[299]
  Ascension Island eVisa[300][301]
  • 3 months within any year period
  Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required
  • Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[302]
  Tristan da Cunha Permission required
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  Somaliland Travel banned[304]
  • As of 2007, due to safety concerns, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Somalia. includes Somaliland.
  Sudan Travel permit required
  • All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
  • From 29 April 2023, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Sudan during 2023 Sudan conflict.
  Darfur Travel permit required
  • Separate travel permit is required.[305]
  • From 29 April 2023, South Korean government bans its citizens from visiting Sudan during 2023 Sudan conflict.
Asia
  Hainan Visa not required[306]
  • 30 days
  North Korea Kaesong Industrial Complex Particular visit regime
  • North Korean government closed Kaesong Industrial Complex in 2016.
  Hong Kong Visa not required
  India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required
  Kazakhstan Special permission required
  Kish Island Visa not required
  Macao Visa not required
  Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required
  • These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[317]
  Maldives Permission required
  • With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[318]
  North Korea outside Pyongyang Particular visit regime
  • DPRK government does not recognize ROK passports.
  Palestine Visa not required[319]
  Taiwan Visa not required
  Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required
  Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required
  Turkmenistan Special permit required
  Korean Demilitarized Zone Special permission required
  • Special permission required for south part of Joint Security Area, is only group visitors over 30 to less 45 people and aged 10 years and over, and another areas are restricted.
  UNDOF Zone and Ghajar
  • Restricted zone.
Caribbean and North Atlantic
  Anguilla Visa not required
  Aruba Visa not required
  Bermuda Visa not required
  • Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[332]
  Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required
  British Virgin Islands Visa not required
  • 30 days, extensions possible[335]
  San Andrés and Leticia Tourist card on arrival
  Cayman Islands Visa required
  • Visa not required only if permanent resident of USA, Canada or UK. 6 months[337][338]
  • Visa free for 1 day when arrived by cruise.
  Curaçao Visa not required
  French Guiana Visa not required[340]
  French West Indies Visa not required
  Greenland Visa not required[282]
  Margarita Island Visa not required
  • All visitors are fingerprinted.[342]
  Montserrat Visa not required
  Puerto Rico Visa not required[344]
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[299]
  Sint Maarten Visa not required
  Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required
  U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required[348]
Oceania
  American Samoa Electronic authorization[349]
  • 30 days
  Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required
  • Special authorisation required.[350]
  Clipperton Island Special permit required
  • Special permit required.[351]
  Cook Islands Visa not required
  Lau Province Special permission required
  • Special permission required.[353]
  French Polynesia Visa not required[354]
  Guam Visa not required[355]
  • 45 days
  New Caledonia Visa not required[299]
  Niue Visa not required[356][357]
  • 30 days
  Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[358]
  • 45 days
  Pitcairn Islands Visa not required
  • 14 days visa free and landing fee USD 35 or tax of USD 5 if not going ashore.[359][360][361]
  United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required
  Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[299]
South America
  Galápagos Pre-registration required
  • Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[369]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
  Falkland Islands Visa not required[370]
  • A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.[371]
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required
Antarctica Special permits required

Access-restricted countries

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Wikinews has related news:

As of 1 January 2014, the South Korean government, due to safety concerns, has banned its citizens and permanent residents[citation needed] from visiting Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Syria and Yemen.[386]

Also, South Korean citizens are basically not allowed to visit North Korea except when special authorizations are granted by the Ministry of Unification on a limited basis (e.g. workers and businessmen visiting or commuting to / from Kaesong Industrial Complex).[387] Yet eight people on six occasions, from Lim Su-kyung in 1989 to Ro Su-hui in 2012, have visited one or more banned countries unapproved and returned to South Korea via Panmunjom[388] were sentenced to imprisonment of up to 10 years.[389]

APEC Business Travel Card

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  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[390]

1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[391]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
  • Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Non-visa restrictions

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This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

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Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[392] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

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Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
 
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[393] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[394]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[395][396]

Passport validity length

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Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[397][398] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[399]

Some countries, such as Japan,[400] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[401] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[402] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[403] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[404] Philippines,[405] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[406]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[407] and South Africa.

Criminal record

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Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[408] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

edit

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[409]

Israeli stamps

edit
 
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[410] Lebanon,[411] Libya,[412] Syria,[413] and Yemen[414] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

edit
See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[415]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[416][417] Argentina,[418] Brunei, Cambodia,[419] China,[420] Ethiopia,[421] Ghana, Guinea,[422] India, Japan,[423][424] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[425] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[426] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[427] Singapore, South Korea,[428] Taiwan, Thailand,[429] Uganda,[430] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[431][432][433] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[434]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[435] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[436][437]

Consular protection of South Korean citizens abroad

edit
 
Diplomatic missions of South Korea

The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea each set the territorial scope in their respective constitutions to cover the entire Korean Peninsula.

So the two Koreas regard each other's territory as part of their own territory and do not recognize the sovereignty of the other side as a country. For this reason, embassies based on the premise of establishing diplomatic relations between foreign countries cannot be mutually established.

Inter-Korean exchange relations are not under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of each government, but the Ministry of Unification on the South Korean side and the Workers' Party of Korea on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea side.

See also: List of diplomatic missions of South Korea

See also

edit

References and notes

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ South Korean citizens are currently prohibited from entering Ukraine due to safety concerns.
  1. ^ Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.[55]
  2. ^
  3. ^

References

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  364. ^ "Redirect Page".
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  392. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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  431. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  432. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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  437. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
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