Wikipedia

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Hungary by the authorities of other states.

A Hungarian passport

As of 5 November 2024, Hungarian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 187 countries and territories, ranking the Hungarian passport 7th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Historical perspective

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Travel restrictions have been considerably relaxed since the end of communism and the removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria in May 1989.

During the communist era, travelling to the West was a long and difficult process for Hungarian citizens. The first step was to obtain an invitation, preferably from a relative in the country to be visited, and a promise of full financial support. With such an invitation, and assuming a passport could be obtained, a Hungarian could travel westwards once a year. However, in the absence of such an invitation, travel to the West was possible only once every three years.[2] The Communist-era visa restrictions restricted Hungarian artists and musicians since it hindered their ability to travel abroad. As a result, many chose to leave Hungary and settle in the West, such as famed cellist János Starker, who emigrated to the United States in 1948 because it was impossible for him to tour abroad with a Hungarian passport.[3]

Domestic events in Hungary have affected the visa requirements imposed on Hungarian citizens by Western countries. The Revolution of 1956 and the ensuing domestic repression resulted in the United States deciding to expedite all Hungarian visa requests.[4]

The end of communism in 1989 led to a rapid relaxation of visa restrictions. Visa-free travel for Hungarians was introduced by several countries, including Sweden in 1986,[5] the United Kingdom in 1990,[5] Germany in 1990,[6] France (1990),[5] Spain in 1990,[5] Belgium in 1991,[5] South Korea in 1991[7] and Chile in 1992.[8] 1993 saw Israel,[9] South Africa,[5] Portugal[5] and Tunisia abolish the requirement for ordinary Hungarian tourists to obtain visas in advance of departure.[5] Canada [10] and Slovakia followed in 1994.[5] Italy waived prior visas in 1995,[5] Mexico in 1997,[11] Austria in 1997,[5] Japan (1997),[12] Slovenia (1998),[5] Panama (1998),[13] Morocco (1999).[14] New Zealand scrapped requirements for visas in 2000 [5] followed by Croatia that same year,[5] and Brazil in 2001,[5] Hong Kong in 2002,[15] Serbia in 2003,[5] Ukraine in 2003[5] and Peru later that same year of 2003.[5]

Despite the tremendous increase in the number of visa waiver agreements, there have also been setbacks. In June 2001, the visa-free travel agreement between Hungary and Russia came to an end, and both countries now require visas of one another's citizens.[16]

 
A Hungarian identity card is valid for travel to most European countries

Hungary's accession to the European Union on 1 May 2004, along with its fellow V4 companions, radically boosted reciprocal visa-free arrangements.[citation needed]

Hungarians can now not only travel visa-free to any member state of the EU, but also have a right to settle there. A valid Hungarian passport or identity card is sufficient for any stay shorter than three months. For periods longer than three months, a residence permit is needed. Hungarians are allowed to settle in any EU country for more than three months if they work or study there, or if they are financially self-sufficient.[17] By virtue of the agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA), those rights also apply to Hungarians in Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.[18] The same rights also extend to Hungarians in Switzerland as a result of the Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons.[19] Following the accession to the European Union in 2004 and the Schengen Area in 2007, visa requirements were also lifted by several other countries including Georgia (2005),[20] Bosnia and Herzegovina (2005),[5] North Macedonia (2005),[5] Colombia (2005),[5] Moldova (2007),[21] Botswana (2008),[22] Taiwan (2008),[23] and Thailand (2011).[24]

The Hungarian government's decade-long efforts to have U.S. visa requirements abolished for Hungarian citizens finally came to fruition on 17 November 2008 when the United States decided to include Hungary in its Visa Waiver Program.[25] The inclusion of Hungary in the Visa Waiver Program was considered a major event there. Kinga Göncz, the country's then foreign minister, even went as far as to describe it as "a landmark in our relations [with the United States], since the visa waiver was essentially the single unresolved issue."[26] However, Hungarian President László Sólyom, who had promised upon his election in 2005 never to visit the United States as long as fingerprint requirements were part of U.S. visa procedures, refused to sign the agreement on the U.S. Visa Waiver Program, fearing it would give the United States too much access to Hungary's criminal registry. His refusal did not affect Hungary's inclusion in the program.[27]

Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens were lifted by Qatar (July 2012),[28] Kyrgyzstan (July 2012),[29] Armenia (January 2013),[30] Jamaica (March 2013),[31] Turkey (February 2014),[32] Papua New Guinea (March 2014),[33] Bahrain (October 2014),[34] the United Arab Emirates (May 2015),[35] Timor-Leste (May 2015),[36] Samoa (May 2015),[37] Indonesia (June 2015),[38] Kazakhstan (July 2015),[39] São Tomé and Príncipe (August 2015),[40] Tonga (November 2015),[41] Palau (December 2015),[42] Marshall Islands (June 2016),[43] Tuvalu (July 2016),[44] Solomon Islands (October 2016),[45][46] Belarus (February 2017),[47] Cape Verde (1 January 2019),[48] Uzbekistan (1 February 2019),[49] Oman (December 2020), Tajikistan (January 2022),[50] Mongolia (January 2023),[51] Angola (September 2023)[52][53] and China (March 2024).[54]

Hungarian citizens were made eligible for eVisas by Guinea and Malawi (October 2019), Saudi Arabia (September 2019), Suriname and Pakistan (April 2019), Tanzania and Papua New Guinea (November 2018),[55] Ethiopia (1 June 2018),[citation needed] Djibouti (February 2018),[56] Egypt (December 2017),[57] Azerbaijan (January 2017),[58] India (August 2015)[59] and Myanmar (October 2014).[60]

The number of visa-free destinations for Hungarian citizens grew exponentially over the last few years, in 2009 Hungarian citizens could travel to 131 countries without a visa,[61] to 142 in 2010,[62] 153 in 2012 and 182 in 2020.[63]

Visa requirements map

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Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens holding ordinary passports
  Hungary
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA / eVisitor
  Visa issued upon arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

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Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
  Afghanistan Visa required[64]
  Albania Visa not required[65] 90 days
  Algeria Visa required[66]
  Andorra Visa not required[67]
  Angola Visa not required[68] 30 days
  Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[69] 6 months
  Argentina Visa not required[70] 90 days
  Armenia Visa not required[71] 180 days
  Australia eVisitor[72] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted.
  Austria Visa not required[73]
  Azerbaijan eVisa[74][75] 30 days
  Bahamas Visa not required[76] 3 months
  Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[77] 14 days
  Bangladesh Visa on arrival[78] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[79]
  Barbados Visa not required[80] 3 months
  Belarus Visa not required[81] 30 days[82]
  • Visa-free until 31 December 2024.[83]
  Belgium Visa not required[84]
  Belize Visa not required[85]
  Benin eVisa[86][87] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
  Bhutan eVisa[88][89]
  Bolivia Visa not required[90] 90 days
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[91] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
  • ID card valid.
  Botswana Visa not required[92] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period.
  Brazil Visa not required[93] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Brunei Visa not required[94] 90 days
  Bulgaria Visa not required[95]
  Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[96][97] 1 month
  Burundi Visa on arrival[98] 1 month
  Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[99][100] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.
  Cameroon eVisa[101][102]
  Canada Electronic Travel Authority[103] 6 months
  Cape Verde Visa not required[48] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[106]
  Central African Republic Visa required[107]
  Chad Visa required[108]
  Chile Visa not required[109] 90 days
  China Visa not required[110] 30 days
  Colombia Visa not required[114] 90 days
  • 90 days – extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.
  Comoros Visa on arrival[115] 45 days
  Republic of the Congo Visa required[116]
  Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[117][118] 7 days
  Costa Rica Visa not required[119] 180 days
  Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[120][121] 3 months
  Croatia Visa not required[122]
  Cuba Tourist card required[123] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
  Cyprus Visa not required[124]
  Czech Republic Visa not required[125]
  Denmark Visa not required[126]
  • Freedom of movement (DK)
  • ID card valid
  Djibouti eVisa[127][128] 90 days
  Dominica Visa not required[129] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Dominican Republic Visa not required[130] 90 days
  • can be extended up to 120 days
  Ecuador Visa not required[131] 90 days
  Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[132][133] 30 days
  • Visa required, except for a max. stay of 15 days for holders of normal passports, traveling as tourists and arriving at Sharm El Sheik (SSH), Saint Catherine (SKV) or Taba (TCP) airports and remaining in the Sinai resorts.
  El Salvador Visa not required[134] 180 days
  Equatorial Guinea eVisa[135][136]
  Eritrea Visa required[137]
  Estonia Visa not required[138]
  Eswatini Visa not required[139] 30 days[140]
  Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[141][142] up to 90 days
  Fiji Visa not required[143] 4 months
  Finland Visa not required[144]
  France Visa not required[145]
  Gabon eVisa[146][147] 90 days
  Gambia Visa not required[148] 90 days
  Georgia Visa not required[149] 1 year
  Germany Visa not required[150]
  Ghana Visa required[151]
  Greece Visa not required[152]
  Grenada Visa not required[153] 3 months
  Guatemala Visa not required[154] 90 days
  Guinea eVisa[155][156] 90 days
  Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[157] 90 days
  Guyana Visa required[158]
  Haiti Visa not required[159] 90 days
  Honduras Visa not required[160] 90 days
  Iceland Visa not required[161]
  India eVisa[162] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 2] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 3][163]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[164]
  Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[165] 30 days[166]
  Iran eVisa[167][168] 30 days
  Iraq eVisa / Visa on arrival[169][170] 60 days
  Ireland Visa not required[171]
  Israel Visa not required[172] 90 days
  Italy Visa not required[173]
  Jamaica Visa not required[174] 30 days
  Japan Visa not required[175] 90 days
  Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[176][177] 30 days
  • fee 40 USD. Extension of stay is possible for up to 60 days
  Kazakhstan Visa not required[178] 30 days
  Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[179][180] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  Kiribati Visa not required[181] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  North Korea Visa required[182]
  South Korea Electronical Travel Authorization[183][184] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[185]
  Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[186][187] 3 months
  Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[188] 60 days
  Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[189] 30 days
  Latvia Visa not required[193]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Lebanon Free visa on arrival[194] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
  Lesotho eVisa[195][196]
  Liberia Visa required[197]
  Libya eVisa[198][199]
  Liechtenstein Visa not required[200]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Lithuania Visa not required[201]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Luxembourg Visa not required[202]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Madagascar Visa on arrival[203] 60 days
  Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[204][205] 90 days
  Malaysia Visa not required[206] 90 months
  Maldives Free visa on arrival[207] 30 days
  Mali Visa required[208]
  Malta Visa not required[209]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Marshall Islands Visa not required[210] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Mauritania Visa on arrival[211]
  Mauritius Visa not required[212] 180 days
  • 180 days per calendar year for tourism, 120 days per calendar year for business
  Mexico Visa not required[213] 180 days
  Micronesia Visa not required[214] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Moldova Visa not required[215] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
  • ID card valid
  Monaco Visa not required[216]
  Mongolia Visa not required[217] 30 days
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia has exempted visas for 34 countries from January 2023 to December 2025.
  Montenegro Visa not required[218] 90 days
  Morocco Visa not required[219] 90 days
  Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[220][221] 30 days
  Myanmar eVisa[222][223] 28 days
  Namibia Visa on arrival[224] 3 months
  Nauru Visa required[225]
    Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[226] 90 days[227]
  • Not available at all entry points.[228]
  Netherlands Visa not required[229]
  New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[230] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[231]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[232] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[231]
  Nicaragua Visa not required[233] 90 days
  • All visitors are required to obtain a Tourist Card on arrival.
  Niger Visa required[234]
  Nigeria eVisa[235][236] 90 days
  North Macedonia Visa not required[237] 90 days
  Norway Visa not required[238]
  Oman Visa not required / eVisa[239][240] 14 days / 30 days
  Pakistan eVisa[241] 90 days
  Palau Visa not required[242] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Panama Visa not required[243] 90 days
  Papua New Guinea Easy Visitor Permit[244][245] 60 days
  Paraguay Visa not required[246] 90 days
  Peru Visa not required[247] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
  Philippines Visa not required[248] 30 days
  Poland Visa not required[249]
  Portugal Visa not required[250]
  Qatar Visa not required[251] 90 days
  Romania Visa not required[252]
  Russia eVisa[253][254] 16 days
  Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[255][256] 30 days
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[257] 3 months
  Saint Lucia Visa not required[258] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[259] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Samoa Visa not required[260] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  San Marino Visa not required[261]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[262] 15 days
  Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[263][264] 90 days
  Senegal Visa not required[265] 90 days
  Serbia Visa not required[266] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
  • ID card valid.
  Seychelles Visa not required[267][268] 3 months[269]
  Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[270][271] 3 months / 30 days
  Singapore Visa not required[272] 90 days
  Slovakia Visa not required[273]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Slovenia Visa not required[274]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Solomon Islands Visa not required[275] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Somalia Visa on arrival[276]
  South Africa Visa not required[277] 30 days
  South Sudan eVisa[278][279]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
  Spain Visa not required[280]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[281][282] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period.[283]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
  Sudan Visa required[284]
  Suriname Visa not required[285][286] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[287]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[288]
  Sweden Visa not required[289]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
   Switzerland Visa not required[290]
  • Freedom of movement.
  • ID card valid.
  Syria eVisa[291]
  Tajikistan Visa not required[292] 30 days
  • 60 days eVisa also available .[293]
  • e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
  Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[294][295] 90 days
  Thailand Visa not required[296] 60 days
  • Can be extended for an additional 30 days
  Timor-Leste Visa not required[297] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Togo eVisa[298][299] 15 days
  Tonga Visa not required[41] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[300] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Tunisia Visa not required[301] 3 months
  Turkey Visa not required[303] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
  • ID card valid.
  Turkmenistan Visa required[304]
  Tuvalu Visa not required[305] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Uganda eVisa[306][307] 3 months
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  Ukraine Visa not required[308] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  United Arab Emirates Visa not required[309] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  United Kingdom Visa not required[310] 6 months
  United States Visa Waiver Program[311][312] 90 days
  • Effective 1 August 2023, an ESTA approval for Hungarian passport holders is valid for 1 year (or upon passport expiration, if sooner) and for one entry to the United States. Hungarian passport holders born outside of Hungary are ineligible for ESTA and require a valid visa to travel to the United States.[313][314][315]
  • Since 1 October 2022, ESTA is now required for any entry by air, cruise ship, and land[316]
  • Visa required if the person visited Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, Libya, Somalia or Yemen after 1 March 2011, or if he/she also holds citizenship in any of these countries.[317]
  Uruguay Visa not required[318] 90 days
  Uzbekistan Visa not required[319] 30 days
  Vanuatu Visa not required[320] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Vatican City Visa not required[321]
  Venezuela Visa not required[322] 90 days
  Vietnam eVisa[323][324]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
  Yemen Visa required[325]
  Zambia Visa not required[326][327] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
  Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[328] 30 days
  • Strictly tourism purposes only.
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones

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Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
  Abkhazia Visa required[329]
  Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[330][331]
  Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[332]
  Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[333]
  UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[334] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
  Faroe Islands Visa not required[335]
  Gibraltar Visa not required[336]
  Guernsey Visa not required[337]
  Isle of Man Visa not required[338]
  Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[339] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[340]
  Jersey Visa not required[341]
  Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[342]
  Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[343]
  South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[344][345]
  Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[346][347]
Africa
  British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[348]
  Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[349]
  Mayotte Visa not required[350]
  Réunion Visa not required[350]
  Ascension Island eVisa[351][352] 3 months within any year period.
  Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[353]
  Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[354]
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[355][356]
  Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
  Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[357]
Asia
  Hong Kong Visa not required[358] 3 months
  India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[359][360][361][362][363][364]
  Iraqi Kurdistan eVisa[365] 30 days
  Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[366]
  Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[367]
  Macao Visa not required[368] 90 days
  Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[369]
  Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[370]
  North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
  Palestine Visa not required[371] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[372]
  Taiwan Visa not required[373] 90 days
  Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[374][375][376]
  Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[377][378][379]
  Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[380]
  Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
  UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
  Phú Quốc Visa not required 30 days[381]
  Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[382]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
  Anguilla Visa not required[383] 3 months
  Aruba Visa not required 30 days, extendable to 180 days[384][385]
  Bermuda Visa not required Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[386]
  Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required[387] 3 months[388]
  British Virgin Islands Visa not required[389] 30 days, extensions possible
  San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[390]
  Cayman Islands Visa not required[391] 6 months
  Curaçao Visa not required[392] 3 months
  French Guiana Visa not required[393]
  French West Indies Visa not required[350]
  • Freedom of movement
  • ID card valid |

French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[394]

  Greenland Visa not required
  Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[395]
  Montserrat Visa not required[396] 6 months
  Puerto Rico Visa not required[398] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[350]
  Sint Maarten Visa not required[399] 3 months[400]
  Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[401] 90 days
  U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required[402] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Oceania
  American Samoa Electronic authorization[403] 30 days
  Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[404]
  Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[405]
  Cook Islands Visa not required[406] 31 days
  Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[407]
  French Polynesia Visa not required[408]
  Guam Visa not required[409] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
  New Caledonia Visa not required[350]
  Niue Visa on arrival[410] 30 days
  Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[411] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
  Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[412][413][414]
  Tokelau Entry permit required[415]
  United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[416][417][418][419][420][421][422]
  Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[350]
South America
  Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[423]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
  Falkland Islands Visa not required Visa is not required.[424]
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[425][426]
Antarctica Special permits required for   British Antarctic Territory,   French Southern and Antarctic Lands,   Argentine Antarctica,   Australian Antarctic Territory,   Chilean Antarctic Territory,   Heard Island and McDonald Islands,   Peter I Island,   Queen Maud Land,   Ross Dependency.[427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436][437][438]

Diplomatic passports

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  European Union (unlimited access)
  Visa-free
  Visa on arrival
  Pre-arrival Internet registration required (ESTA, eVisitor)
  Visa required

A Hungarian ordinary passport, with visa-free access to all of the world's developed countries, is a very convenient travel document by international standards. However, it is not as handy as a Hungarian diplomatic passport, which has even less visa restrictions attached to it. Several countries offer visa-free access to holders of a Hungarian diplomatic passport, but not to ordinary passport holders. This is notably the case with the People's Republic of China since 1992,[439] Russia (since 2001).[440] and India (since 2003).[441] As of July 2009, Hungarian diplomats can enter all G8+5 countries without a visa.[442] The Hungarian diplomatic passport holds the distinction of being the only travel document in the world granting such visa-free entry to all G8+5 member states.[a]

In total holders of various categories of official Hungarian passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries – Algeria (diplomatic passports), Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Belarus (diplomatic or service passports), China (diplomatic or service passports), Cuba (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic passports), India (diplomatic or official passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Iran (diplomatic passports), Kazakhstan (diplomatic or service passports), Laos (diplomatic or official passports), Mongolia (diplomatic or official passports), Russia (diplomatic and service passports), Tajikistan (diplomatic or service passports), Turkmenistan (diplomatic or service passports) and Uzbekistan (diplomatic passports), Vietnam (diplomatic, official, service or special passports), Yemen (diplomatic passports). Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

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Countries with Hungarian diplomatic missions

When they are in a territory with no Hungarian consular facilities, because Hungarian citizens are also citizens of the EU, they have the right to get consular assistance from any other EU country with a diplomatic mission in that territory.

See also: List of diplomatic missions of Hungary

Non-visa restrictions

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This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

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Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[443] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

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Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
 
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[444] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[445]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[446][447]

Passport validity length

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Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[448][449] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[450]

Some countries, such as Japan,[451] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[452] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[453] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[454] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[455] Philippines,[456] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[457]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[458] and South Africa.

Criminal record

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Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[459] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

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The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[460]

Israeli stamps

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Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[461] Lebanon,[462] Libya,[463] and Yemen[464] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

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See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[465]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[466][467] Argentina,[468] Brunei, Cambodia,[469] China,[470] Ethiopia,[471] Ghana, Guinea,[472] India, Japan,[473][474] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[475] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[476] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[477] Singapore, South Korea,[478] Taiwan, Thailand,[479] Uganda,[480] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[481][482][483] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[484]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[485] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[486][487]

See also

edit

References and Notes

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References
  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ "Your passports if we please, comrades" (snippet view). The Economist. Vol. 304, no. 7505–7517. 1987. p. 37. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  3. ^ Campbell, Margaret (2004). "Chapter 27: American by Choice". The Great Cellists. London: Robson. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-86105-654-2. OCLC 57487971. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  4. ^ Rue, Larry (29 November 1956). "U.S. Expedites All Hungarian Visa Requests". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2. ISSN 1085-6706. Archived from the original (pay-per-view) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "Poles take advantage of new visa-free travel". St. Petersburg Times. 9 April 1991. p. 6. ISSN 1563-6291. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  7. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat". 16 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  9. ^ ITIM (14 November 1993). "Hungarian Visa Requirements to Be Canceled". The Jerusalem Post: 12. ISSN 0021-597X. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  10. ^ "Marchi eases visa rule". The Record: B.10. 11 October 1994. ISSN 0824-5150. Archived from the original (pay-per-view) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  11. ^ "Hungarian president visits Mexico; cooperation and visa agreements signed" (pay-per-view). NewsBank. MTI news agency. 14 April 1997. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  12. ^ "Hungarian and Japanese ministers exchange documents on lifting visa obligation" (pay-per-view). NewsBank. MTI news agency. 21 April 1997. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  13. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  14. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat". 4 April 2023.
  15. ^ "Hong Kong, Hungary Sign Visa-Free Access Agreement" (pay-per-view). AsiaPulse News. 10 January 2002. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  16. ^ "Visa accord between Hungary and Russia takes effect" (pay-per-view). NewsBank. MTI news agency. 3 June 2000. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  17. ^ European Commission (2005). "Living, working, studying – An overview of your EU rights". Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  18. ^ "Travel documents for EU nationals". European Commission.
  19. ^ "Entering and staying in Switzerland". The Swiss Portal. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  20. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  21. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  22. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  23. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  24. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat". 11 May 2022.
  25. ^ "Travel on the Visa Waiver Program". Embassy of the United States in Budapest. Archived from the original on 8 February 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  26. ^ "The last open chapter in Hungarian-U.S. relations has been closed with Hungary's entry in the Visa Waiver Program expected within a month – Kinga Göncz welcomes President Bush's announcement". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary. 17 October 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  27. ^ "Hungarian president rejects agreement needed for U.S. visa waiver". Xinhua News Agency. 20 October 2008. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  28. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat". 8 March 2022.
  29. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  30. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  31. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  32. ^ "Konzuli Szolgálat".
  33. ^ "Visa on Arrival Eligible Countries List" (PDF). Papua New Guinea Immigration and Citizenship Service Authority.
  34. ^ "Visa Information". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  35. ^ "EU signs visa waiver agreement with the United Arab Emirates - Consilium".
  36. ^ "EU signs visa waiver agreement with Timor Leste". eu2015.lv.
  37. ^ "EU signs visa waiver agreements with 7 ACP countries - Consilium".
  38. ^ "Indonesia Formally Waives Visa Requirements for 45 Countries". Jakarta Globe. 12 June 2015.
  39. ^ Times, Astana (29 June 2015). "In Milan, Nazarbayev Announces Extension of Visa Free Regime for 20 Countries". The Astana Times.
  40. ^ São Tomé and Príncipe grants visa exemptions to citizens of Europe and the US
  41. ^ a b "Agreement between the European Union and the Kingdom of Tonga on the short-stay visa waiver". eur-lex.europa.eu.
  42. ^ "Agreement – Consilium".
  43. ^ "EU and Marshall Islands sign visa-waiver agreement". The Guam Daily Post. 8 July 2016.
  44. ^ "EU and Tuvalu Sign Visa Waiver Agreement". Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  45. ^ "EU signs Visa Waiver Agreement with Solomon Islands". Solomon Islands Embassy.
  46. ^ "EU signs Visa Waiver Agreement with Solomon Islands" (PDF). eeas.europa.eu. 10 October 2016.
  47. ^ "Five-day visa-free regime to enter into force in Belarus on 12 February 2017". 11 January 2017.
  48. ^ a b "Citizens of 32 European countries exempted from visas for Cape Verde from January 1". 29 December 2018.
  49. ^ "Uzbekistan announces visa waiver for citizens of 45 countries | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management". Indiablooms.com.
  50. ^ "Таджикистан вводит односторонний безвизовый режим для граждан 52 стран". 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  51. ^ "Temporary exemption from visa requirements for citizens of some countries to visit Mongolia". Consul.mn. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia – Consular Department. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  52. ^ "Decreto Presidencial n.º 189/23" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Diário da República. 29 September 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  53. ^ "DECRETO PRESIDENCIAL Angola isenta cidadãos de 98 países de vistos de turismo". Governo de Angola (in Portuguese). 2 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  54. ^ "Update: China announces visa-free policy for 6 European countries: FM-Xinhua". english.news.cn. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  55. ^ "Tanzania launches e-visa, residence permit for foreigners -". 26 November 2018.
  56. ^ Redaction, La (8 March 2018). "Un e-visa pour Djibouti".
  57. ^ "Egypt's electronic visa is now available for 41 countries". 4 December 2017.
  58. ^ "ASAN Visa portal launched". Azernews.Az. 16 December 2016.
  59. ^ Government extends e-Tourist Visa scheme to 36 more countries and 7 more airports from 15 August 2015, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 7 August 2015.
  60. ^ "Myanmar allows 24 more countries for online Visa".
  61. ^ "The Henley Visa Restrictions Index – Global Ranking 2008" (PDF). Henley & Partners. 8 January 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2010.
  62. ^ "Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index Global Ranking 2010" (PDF). Henley & Partners. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2011.
  63. ^ "The Henley Visa Restrictions Index – Global Ranking 2012" (PDF). Henley & Partners. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2013.
  64. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  65. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  67. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  70. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  71. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  72. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  73. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  74. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  75. ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
  76. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  77. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  78. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  79. ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
  80. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  81. ^ "Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  82. ^ "Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  83. ^ "Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  84. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  87. ^ "Benin eVisa".
  88. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  89. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
  90. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  91. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  92. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  93. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  94. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  95. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  100. ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
  103. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  104. ^ "Canada eTA". 15 April 2015.
  105. ^ Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (17 May 2013). "Entry requirements by country or territory". www.canada.ca.
  106. ^ "Cape Verde EASE".
  107. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  111. ^ "China extends visa exemption for 12 countries to promote exchanges: spokesperson". gov.cn. 7 May 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  112. ^ "国家移民管理局推出新政进一步便利外籍人员来华". nia.gov.cn. 11 January 2024.
  113. ^ "144小时过境免签政策解读". nia.gov.cn.
  114. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  121. ^ "CI eVisa".
  122. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  123. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  124. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  125. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  126. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  127. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  131. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ "Egypt eVisa".
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  136. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  139. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  140. ^ Extendable length of stay.
  141. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  145. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ "Gabon eVisa".
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  149. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  150. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  152. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  156. ^ "Guinea eVisa".
  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  160. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  162. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  163. ^ e-Visa
  164. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  165. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
  167. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  168. ^ "Iran eVisa".
  169. ^ Iraq eVisa portal
  170. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  172. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  173. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  174. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  177. ^ "Jordan E-Services".
  178. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  181. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  183. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^ "K-ETA".
  185. ^ "K-ETA Application Guide".
  186. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
  188. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  190. ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  191. ^ "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application". laoevisa.gov.la. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR – Consular Department. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  192. ^ "Laos International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  193. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  194. ^ "Lebanese General Security - posts". www.general-security.gov.lb.
  195. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^ "Lesotho eVisa".
  197. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  198. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  199. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  200. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  201. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  202. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  205. ^ "Malawi eVisa".
  206. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  207. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  209. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  210. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  213. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  214. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  215. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  216. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  217. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  218. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  219. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  220. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  221. ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
  222. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  223. ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
  224. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  225. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  226. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  227. ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
  228. ^ Obtainable at Tribhuvan International Airport and certain land borders.
  229. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
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  483. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  485. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  486. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  487. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^ Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.[112]
  2. ^
  3. ^
  4. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  7. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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