Ta is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551
Mongolian language
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Ta | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Mongolian script | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mongolian vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mongolian consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Foreign consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Letter[2]: 13, 17, 23 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 | |
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t | Transliteration[note 1] |
ᠲ | Initial |
ᠲ | Medial (syllable-initial) |
— | Medial (syllable-final) |
— | Final |
C-V syllables[6]: 31 | ||||
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ta, te | ti | to, tu | tö, tü | Transliteration |
ᠲᠠ [note 2] |
ᠲᠢ | ᠲᠣ᠋ | ᠲᠥ᠋ | Alone |
ᠲᠠ | ᠲᠢ | ᠲᠣ | ᠲᠥ | Initial |
ᠲᠠ | ᠲᠢ | ᠲᠣ | Medial | |
ᠲᠠ | ᠲᠢ | ᠲᠣ | Final |
Separated suffixes[note 3] | ||
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‑ta, ‑te | ‑tu, ‑tü | Transliteration |
— | ᠲᠤ | Whole |
ᠲᠠ | ᠲᠤ | Initial |
- Transcribes Chakhar /t/;[10][11] Khalkha /t/.[12]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter т.[6][5]
- Syllable-initially indistinguishable from d.[2]: 23 [13]: 9 [10]
- Derived from Old Uyghur taw (𐾀; initial) and lamedh (𐽸; medial).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [15]: 35
- Positional variants of initial taw ⟨ᠲ/ᠲ᠋/ᠲ⟩ can be used to clarify the spelling of t in words of foreign origin, as in ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ foto 'photograph' (фото foto), ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠷ tiyatr 'theatre' (театр teatr), and ᠻᠠᠷᠲ khart 'card' (карт kart).[2]: 23 [6]: 48–49 [15]: 37 [16]
- Produced with T using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[17]
- In the Mongolian Unicode block, t comes after š and before d.
Clear Script
editLook up ᡐ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Xibe language
editLook up ᡨ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Manchu language
editLook up ᡨ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Notes
edit- ^ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
- ^ As in the second person singular/plural pronoun ᠲᠠ ta 'you',[8]: 760 [2]: 85–86 or the intensifying ⟨ᠳᠠ⟩ da/de (даа/дээ daa/dee) particle used after the predicate.[8]: 211
- ^ Separated suffixes starting with the letter t include: ᠲᠠᠢ ‑tai/‑tei (comitative), ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ/ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑taɣan/‑tegen (reflexive+dative-locative), ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠨ⟨?⟩/ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑tayiɣan/‑teyigen (reflexive+comitative), and ᠲᠤ ‑tu/‑tü or ᠲᠤᠷ ‑tur/‑tür (dative-locative).[9]
References
edit- ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ a b c d Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
- ^ a b Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
- ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
- ^ a b c Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
- ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
- ^ a b Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
- ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
- ^ a b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
- ^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
- ^ a b Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
- ^ Bawden, Charles (2013-10-28). Mongolian English Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-15588-8.
- ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-16.