Oe (Mongolic)

Oe
Oe
	<img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mongolian_letter_Oe_%28isolated_form%29.svg/140px-Mongolian_letter_Oe_%28isolated_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420">
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Oe is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^: 17, 20^[3]^: 546
ö	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠥ ^{[note 2]}	Alone
ᠥ‍	Initial
‍ᠥ᠋‍	Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠥ‍	Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠥ	Final

Ligatures^[2]^{: 22–23, 24–25}^[3]^: 546
bö	pö	kö, gö	Transliteration
ᠪᠥ	ᠫᠥ	ᠭᠥ^⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩ ^{[note 3]}	Alone
ᠪᠥ	ᠫᠥ	ᠭᠥ᠋^⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩	Alone
ᠪᠥ‍	ᠫᠥ‍	ᠭᠥ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠥ‍	‍ᠫᠥ‍	‍ᠭᠥ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠥ	‍ᠫᠥ	‍ᠭᠥ	Final

Transcribes Chakhar /o/;^[8]^[9] Khalkha /o/[ɵ], /ə/, and /∅/.^[10]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ө.^[11]^[4]
Indistinguishable from ü, except where ö can be inferred from its context:
- ö is found in medial or final syllables if it's also found syllable-initially.^[2]^: 11, 20^[7]^: 9–10
‍ᠥ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.^[12]^: 39
The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠥ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,^[12]^: 44 as well as in loanwords.^{[citation needed]}
‍ᠥ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.^[12]^: 44
Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[13]^{: 111, 113}^[12]^: 35
Produced with O using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[14]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, ö comes after u and before ü.

Clear Script

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
^ As in ᠥ/ᠥᠭᠡ ö/öge (өө öö) 'fault; roughness, unevenness'.^[6]^{: 627, 630}
^ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ^⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,^[6]^: 494^[7]^: 46 or ᠬᠥ^⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.^[6]^{: 475, 478}

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]
^ ^a ^b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[5] Scholarly transliteration.^[4]

[8] As in ᠥ/ᠥᠭᠡ ö/öge (өө öö) 'fault; roughness, unevenness'.^[6]^{: 627, 630}

[10] As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ^⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,^[6]^: 494^[7]^: 46 or ᠬᠥ^⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.^[6]^{: 475, 478}

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[6] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-7] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]

[Grønbech1993-9] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[CJVLang2013-11] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-12] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-13] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Skorodumova2000-14] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[Janhunen2006-15] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Clauson2005-16] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[17] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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