Ja (Mongolic)

Ja
Ja
	<img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mongolian_letter_Ja_%28isolated_form%29.svg/140px-Mongolian_letter_Ja_%28isolated_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420">
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 13, 17, 24}^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212, 214}
ǰ (j)	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠵ‍	Initial
‍ᠵ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
—	Medial (syllable-final)
(‍ᠵ)	Final^{[note 2]}

C-V syllables^[6]^: 28
ǰ‑a, ǰ‑e	ǰa, ǰe	ǰi	ǰo	ǰu	ǰö, ǰü	Transliteration
ᠵ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨ ⟩ ^{[note 3]}	ᠵᠠ ^{[note 4]}	ᠵᠢ ^{[note 5]}	ᠵᠣ᠋		ᠵᠥ᠋	Alone
ᠵ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨ ⟩ ^{[note 3]}	ᠵᠠ ^{[note 4]}	ᠵᠢ ^{[note 5]}	ᠵᠣ ^{[note 6]}	—	ᠵᠥ᠋	Alone
—	ᠵᠠ‍	ᠵᠢ‍	ᠵᠣ‍		ᠵᠥ‍	Initial
	‍ᠵᠠ‍	‍ᠵᠢ‍	‍ᠵᠣ‍			Medial
	‍ᠵᠠ	‍ᠵᠢ	‍ᠵᠣ			Final

Transcribes Chakhar /d͡ʒ/;^[12]^[13] Khalkha /d͡ʒ/, and d͡z (Mongolian Cyrillic ж, and з, respectively).^[12]^: § 1.2^[14]^: 2 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ж.^[6]^[5]
Derived from Old Uyghur yodh (𐽶; initial), and Old Uyghur (through early Mongolian) tsade (𐽽; medial).^[8]^: 59^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[15]^{: 111, 113}^[16]^: 35
Produced with J using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[17]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, ǰ comes after č and before y.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.^[5]
^ Not found in native Mongolian words.
^ ^[3]^: 546 As in ǰ‑a (за(а) za(a)) 'well', 'allright';^[2]^: 24^[4]^: 345^[7] emphatic final;^[8]^: 46, 59 ǰ‑a particle expressing presumption, probability, or hope;^[10]^: 1018 doubt-expressing ǰ‑a and corroborative ǰ‑e particle.^[11]^: 104
^ As in the interjection ᠵᠠ ǰa (заа zaa) 'all right, yes, very good, well!, now then'.^[10]^: 1018
^ See the separated  ᠶᠢ^⟨?⟩ ‑yi suffix.
^ As in ᠵᠣ ǰo (зоо zoo) 'vertebrae'.^[10]^: 1065

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[9]
^ Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05714-1.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[6] Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.^[5]

[7] Not found in native Mongolian words.

[14] [3]^: 546 As in ǰ‑a (за(а) za(a)) 'well', 'allright';^[2]^: 24^[4]^: 345^[7] emphatic final;^[8]^: 46, 59 ǰ‑a particle expressing presumption, probability, or hope;^[10]^: 1018 doubt-expressing ǰ‑a and corroborative ǰ‑e particle.^[11]^: 104

[15] As in the interjection ᠵᠠ ǰa (заа zaa) 'all right, yes, very good, well!, now then'.^[10]^: 1018

[16] See the separated  ᠶᠢ^⟨?⟩ ‑yi suffix.

[17] As in ᠵᠣ ǰo (зоо zoo) 'vertebrae'.^[10]^: 1065

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Skorodumova2000-8] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[MnToli-9] "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Grønbech1993-10] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[11] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-12] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[9]

[Chiodo2000-13] Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05714-1.

[CJVLang2013-18] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-19] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[EKIMn2015-20] "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.

[Clauson2005-21] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[Janhunen2006-22] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[23] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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