This is a list of driverless train systems, which are capable of GoA3 and GoA4 (GoA3+) according to the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP. This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems. For a similar list for GoA2, see list of semi-automatic train systems.
Grade-of-Automation 3 systems
editThese systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA3 – Americas
edit
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Salvador Metro | Line 1 | 2014 | SelTrac[1] | [a] |
| Line 2 | 2016 | ||||
| São Paulo Metro | Line 3 (Red) | 2009+[2] | ATO[citation needed] | [b] | |
| United States | Walt Disney World Monorail System | 2016 | SelTrac |
GoA3 – Asia
edit| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Mainland) | Beijing Subway | Capital Airport Express | 19 July 2008 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
| Shanghai Pudong Airport APM | 16 September 2019 | FITSCO JeRail | |||
| Shanghai Metro | Line 5 | June 2018 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [c][4] | |
| Line 17 | 30 December 2017 | CASCO TRANAVI | [5] | ||
| Wuhan Metro | Yangluo line | 26 December 2017 | CASCO | [6] | |
| Indonesia | Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain | 2020 | SiLSafe 5000 | [d] | |
| Japan | Disney Resort Line | 27 July 2001 | |||
| Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CASCO (Alstom) | |
| Singapore | Sentosa Express | November 2017 | Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC |
GoA3 – Europe
edit| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary | Budapest Metro | Line 2 | 2013 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [e] |
| Spain | Barcelona Metro | Line 11 | 2009 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |
| United Kingdom | Docklands Light Railway | 31 August 1987 | SelTrac | [f] |
Grade-of-Automation 4 systems
editThese systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.
GoA4 – Americas
edit
GoA4 – Asia
edit
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Mainland) | Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People Mover | March 2008 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Beijing Subway | Line 11 | 31 December 2021 | |||
| Line 17 | |||||
| Line 19 | |||||
| Yanfang line | 30 December 2017 | BTCT | [18] | ||
| Daxing Airport Express | 26 September 2019 | [19] | |||
| Chengdu Metro | Line 9 | 18 December 2020 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [20] | |
| Chongqing Rail Transit | Bishan rubber-tyred tram | 16 April 2021 | BYD SkyShuttle[broken anchor] | ||
| Fuzhou Metro | Line 4 | 27 August 2023 | |||
| Jinan Metro | Line 2 | 26 March 2021 | [21] | ||
| Guangzhou Metro | APM Line | 8 November 2010 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | ||
| Nanjing Metro | Line 7 | 28 December 2022 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [22][23] | |
| Nanning Metro | Line 5 | 16 December 2021 | [24] | ||
| Ningbo Rail Transit | Line 5 | 28 December 2021 | [25] | ||
| Qingdao Metro | Line 6 | 26 April 2024 | [26] | ||
| Shanghai Metro | Line 10 | 10 April 2010 | Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[27] | Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[28] | |
| Line 14 | 30 December 2021 | Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0 | [k][29][4] | ||
| Line 15 | 23 January 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [30] | ||
| Line 18 | 26 December 2020 | ||||
| Pujiang line | 31 March 2018 | Fitsco JeRail | [31] | ||
| Shaoxing Metro | Line 2 | 26 July 2023 | |||
| Shenzhen Metro | Line 6 Branch | 28 November 2022 | |||
| Line 12 | |||||
| Line 14 | 28 October 2022 | BTCT | [32] | ||
| Line 16 | 28 December 2022 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [33] | ||
| Line 20 | 28 December 2021 | CASCO TRANAVI Qiji | [34] | ||
| Suzhou Rail Transit | Line 5 | 29 June 2021 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [35] | |
| Line 6 | 29 June 2024 | ||||
| Line 8 | 10 September 2024 | ||||
| Line 11 | 24 June 2023 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [33] | ||
| Taiyuan Metro | Line 2 | 26 December 2020 | |||
| Tianjin Metro | Line 8 | 28 December 2021 | [36] | ||
| Line 10 | 18 November 2022 | ||||
| Line 11 | 28 December 2023 | ||||
| Wuhan Metro | Line 5 | 26 December 2021 | [37] | ||
| Line 19 | 30 December 2023 | ||||
| Wuhu Rail Transit | Line 1 | 3 November 2021 | |||
| Line 2 | 28 December 2021 | ||||
| Xi'an Metro | Line 16 | 27 June 2023 | CASCO Urbalis 888 | [38] | |
| Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail | 16 January 2015 (closed March 2015) 1 May 2023 (re-opening) |
||||
| Zhengzhou Metro | Line 10 | 28 September 2023 | |||
| Line 12 | 20 December 2023 | [39] | |||
| Zhengxu line | 28 December 2023 | ||||
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover | 6 July 1998 | SelTrac | ||
| MTR | Disneyland Resort line | 1 August 2005 | SelTrac | Most trains have an attendant on board | |
| South Island line (East) | 28 December 2016 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | All trains have an attendant on board[40] | ||
| India | Delhi Metro | Pink Line | 14 March 2018 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | 58.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board[41] |
| Magenta Line | 25 December 2017 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | Initially with an attendant on board | ||
| Grey Line | 4 October 2019 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Mumbai Metro | Line 2 | 2 April 2022 | |||
| Line 7 | |||||
| Navi Mumbai Metro | Line 1 | 21 December 2023 | Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Indonesia | Jabodebek LRT | LRT Line 1 | 28 August 2023 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | [l][42][43] |
| LRT Line 2 | |||||
| LRT Line 3 | |||||
| Japan | Kanazawa Seaside Line | 5 July 1989 | |||
| Kobe New Transit | Port Island Line | 5 February 1981 | World's first GoA4 line | ||
| Rokkō Island Line | 21 February 1990 | ||||
| Linimo | 6 March 2005 | World's first unmanned maglev | |||
| Osaka Metro | Nanko Port Town Line | 20 October 1991 | Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991 | ||
| Skyrail Midorizaka Line | 28 August 1998 | People Mover monorail | |||
| Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation | Nippori-Toneri Liner | 30 March 2008 | |||
| Wing Shuttle | 4 September 1994 | ||||
| Yurikamome | 1 November 1995 | Mitsubishi Crystal Mover | |||
| Macau | Macau Light Rapid Transit | Taipa Line | 10 December 2019 | [44] | |
| Malaysia | KLIA Aerotrain | 1998 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Rapid KL | Kelana Jaya Line | 1 September 1998 | SelTrac[14] | The first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi) | |
| Kajang Line | 16 December 2016 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The second GoA4, at 47 km (29 mi) | ||
| Ampang Line | 2017 | SelTrac | [m] | ||
| Sri Petaling Line | |||||
| Putrajaya Line | 16 June 2022 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | The fifth GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 57.7 km (35.9 mi) | ||
| Melaka Monorail | 4 December 2017 | ||||
| Pakistan | Lahore Metro | Orange Line | 25 October 2020 | CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive | The first driverless metro in Pakistan. |
| Qatar | Doha Metro | Red Line | 8 May 2019 | SelTrac | |
| Green Line | 10 December 2019 | ||||
| Gold Line | 21 November 2019 | ||||
| Hamad International Airport Shuttle | 2014 | DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car | |||
| Saudi Arabia | Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover | 2012 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG | [11] | |
| Singapore | Changi Airport Skytrain | 1990 | Kyosan APM | [n] | |
| Light Rail Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang LRT line | 6 November 1999 | Bombardier CITYFLO 550 | ||
| Sengkang LRT line | 18 January 2003 | Kyosan APM | |||
| Punggol LRT line | 29 January 2005 | ||||
| Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | North East MRT line | 20 June 2003 | Alstom Urbalis 300 | [o][p] | |
| Circle MRT line | 28 May 2009 | ||||
| Downtown MRT line | 22 December 2013 | Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC | |||
| North–South MRT line | 2017[46] | Thales SelTrac Convergence CBTC[47] | |||
| East–West MRT line | 18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension) 28 May 2018 (whole line)[46] | ||||
| Thomson–East Coast MRT line | 31 January 2020[48] | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |||
| South Korea | Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit | 9 September 2011 | SelTrac | ||
| Busan Metro | Line 4 | 30 March 2011 | |||
| Daegu Metro | Line 3 | 23 April 2015 | |||
| Incheon Airport Maglev | 3 February 2016 | ||||
| Incheon Airport Shuttle train | 20 June 2008 | ||||
| Incheon Subway | Line 2 | 30 July 2016 | SelTrac | ||
| Seoul Light Rapid Transit | U Line | 1 July 2012 | VAL system | ||
| Everline | 26 April 2013 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Ui LRT | 2 September 2017 | ||||
| Gimpo Goldline | 28 September 2019 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | |||
| Sillim Line | 28 May 2022 | ||||
| Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Shinbundang Line | 28 October 2011 | SelTrac | ||
| Wolmi Sea Train | 8 October 2019 | Urbanaut | |||
| Taiwan | Taichung Metro | Green Line | 25 April 2021 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
| Taipei Metro | Wenhu line | 28 March 1996 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [q][r] | |
| New Taipei Metro | Circular line | 31 January 2020 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC | Currently operated with attendant on-board[11] | |
| Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain | 18 January 2003 | ||||
| Thailand | BTS Skytrain | Gold Line | 16 December 2020 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |
| MRT (Bangkok) | Yellow Line | 3 June 2023 | |||
| Pink Line | 21 November 2023 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| Turkey | Istanbul Metro | Line M5 | 15 September 2017 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | [s][49] |
| Line M8 | 6 January 2023 | Bombardier CITYFLO 650 | |||
| United Arab Emirates | Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover | Terminal 1 APM | 2016 | ||
| Terminal 3 APM | January 2013 | ||||
| Dubai Metro | Red Line | 9 September 2009 | SelTrac | [t] | |
| Green Line | 9 September 2011 | ||||
| Palm Jumeirah Monorail | 30 April 2009 |
GoA4 – Europe
edit
GoA4 – Oceania
edit
| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Pilbara railways | Rio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill | 28 December 2018 | Hitachi AutoHaul | [x] |
| Sydney Metro | North West & Bankstown Line | 26 May 2019 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [y] |
Future systems
editAmericas
edit| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Manaus Monorail | SelTrac | |||
| São Paulo Metro | Line 6 | November 2025 | Nippon Signal SPARCS | [z][58] | |
| Line 17 | June 2026 | SelTrac | [59][60] | ||
| Canada | Toronto Subway | Ontario Line | 2031 | Hitachi Rail | |
| Chile | Santiago Metro | Line 7 | 2027 | SelTrac | |
| Line 8 | |||||
| Line 9 | |||||
| Peru | Lima Metro | Line 4 | 2025 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC | [11] |
Asia
editEurope
edit| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic | Prague Metro | Line C | 2028-2030 | [ab] | |
| Line D | 2031 | ||||
| France | Lyon Metro | Line A | 2035 | [ac] | |
| Marseille Metro | Line 1 | 2027 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | [ad] | |
| Line 2 | 2026 | ||||
| Paris Métro | Line 13 | 2027–2035 | [ae] | ||
| Line 15 | 2025 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC | |||
| Line 16 | 2026 | ||||
| Line 17 | |||||
| Line 18 | Alstom Urbalis Fluence | ||||
| Toulouse Metro | Line C | 2028 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | ||
| Greece | Athens Metro | Line 4 | 2028 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
| Thessaloniki Metro | Line 1 | November 2024 | AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC | ||
| Line 2 | 2025 | ||||
| Ireland | MetroLink (Dublin) | 2035 | |||
| Spain | Madrid Metro | Line 6 | 2026-2029 | [af] | |
| Line 8 | |||||
| Sweden | Stockholm metro | Yellow Line | 2034 | [56][57] | |
| Switzerland | Appenzeller Bahnen | RhW | 2027 | Stadler NOVA Pro | |
| United Kingdom | Glasgow Subway | 2025 | Hitachi Rail STS CBTC | [ag][68] |
Oceania
edit| Country/region | Name of system | Line | Date | System | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Sydney Metro | Sydney Metro West | 2030 | Alstom Urbalis 400 | |
| Western Sydney Airport line | 2026 | Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[69] | |||
| Suburban Rail Loop (Melbourne) | Suburban Rail Loop East | 2035 |
Notes
edit- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[3]
- ^ Previously operated in manual mode
- ^ A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
- ^ To be converted to GoA4
- ^ With train captains monitoring in cab.
- ^ Rebuilt in 1981
- ^ Rebuilt in 2016
- ^ This railroad is GoA2 capable, able to run a train without any person on board for the entire trip out to the Four Corners Generating Station and back to the mines.[citation needed]
- ^ UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[3]
- ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- ^ With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
- ^ Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
- ^ The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[45] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North–South line and East–West line has driving cabins.
- ^ North–South and East–West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
- ^ Previously used VAL
- ^ System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
- ^ On the Asian side of Istanbul
- ^ Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
- ^ a b c d Converted from manual to automated operation
- ^ Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise).
- ^ First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
- ^ The Rio Tinto Group "AutoHaul" system on its iron ore railways in the Pilbara.[55] This system is GoA 4 capable, able to run trains without a single person aboard for the entire trip out to the mines and back to the port. In October 2017 the first fully autonomous test took place over a 100 kilometres (62 mi) section.[56] The group was granted accreditation by Australia's Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator, approving the autonomous operation of iron ore trains in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.[57]
- ^ First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
- ^ GoA4
- ^ a b c UTO Fully driverless system.
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4
- ^ Conversion from manual to driverless operation
- ^ Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4 as part of Subway Modernisation.
References
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