Since June 2010, rockets from the Falcon 9 family have been launched 408 times, with 405 full mission successes, one partial failure and one total loss of spacecraft (numbers current as of 14 November 2024). In addition, one rocket and its payload were destroyed on the launch pad during the fueling process before a static fire test.
Designed and operated by private manufacturer SpaceX, the Falcon 9 rocket family includes the retired versions Falcon 9 v1.0, v1.1, and v1.2 "Full Thrust", along with the currently active Block 5 evolution. Falcon Heavy is a heavy-lift derivative of Falcon 9, combining a strengthened central core with two Falcon 9 first stages as side boosters.[1]
The Falcon design features reusable first-stage boosters, which land either on a ground pad near the launch site or on a drone ship at sea.[2] In December 2015, Falcon 9 became the first rocket to land propulsively after delivering a payload to orbit.[3] This achievement is expected to significantly reduce launch costs.[4] Falcon family core boosters have successfully landed 369 times in 381 attempts. A total of 43 boosters have flown multiple missions, with a record of seven missions by the same booster.
Falcon 9's typical missions include cargo delivery to the International Space Station (ISS) with the Dragon capsule, launch of communications satellites and Earth observation satellites to geostationary transfer orbits (GTO), and Low Earth orbits (LEO), some of them at polar inclinations. The heaviest payload launched to a LEO are a batch of 60 Starlink satellites weighing a total 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) which SpaceX flies regularly, to a roughly 290 km (180 mi) orbit.[5] The heaviest payload launched to a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) was Intelsat 35e with 6,761 kg (14,905 lb).[a] Launches to higher orbits have included the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) probe to the Sun–Earth Lagrange point L1, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space telescope launched on a Lunar flyby trajectory, and the Falcon Heavy test flight which launched Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster into a heliocentric orbit extending beyond the orbit of Mars.
Launch statistics
editRockets from the Falcon 9 family have been launched 408 times over 14 years, resulting in 405 full mission successes (99.26%), one partial success (SpaceX CRS-1 delivered its cargo to the International Space Station (ISS), but a secondary payload was stranded in a lower-than-planned orbit), and one failure (the SpaceX CRS-7 spacecraft was lost in flight). Additionally, one rocket and its payload Amos-6 were destroyed before launch in preparation for an on-pad static fire test.
The first rocket version Falcon 9 v1.0 was launched five times from June 2010 to March 2013, its successor Falcon 9 v1.1 15 times from September 2013 to January 2016, and the latest upgrade Falcon 9 Full Thrust 377 times from December 2015 to present, 41 of which using a re-flown first stage booster. Falcon Heavy was launched once in February 2018, incorporating two refurbished first stages as side boosters, and then again in April and June 2019, the June 2019 flight reusing the side booster from the previous flight. The final "Block 4" booster to be produced was flown in April 2018, and the first Block 5 version in May 2018. While Block 4 boosters were only flown twice and required several months of refurbishment, Block 5 versions are designed to sustain 10 flights with just inspections, possibly on a 24-hour turnover.[6]
The rocket's first-stage boosters have been successfully landed in 369 of 381 landing attempts (96.85%), with 344 out of 349 for the latest version, Block 5.
Rocket configurationsedit
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Launch sitesedit
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Past launches
edit2010 to 2013
editFlight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster [b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4 June 2010, 18:45 |
F9 v1.0 [7] B0003 [8] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Failure [9][10] (parachute) | |
First flight of Falcon 9 v1.0.[11] Used a boilerplate version of Dragon capsule which was not designed to separate from the second stage.(more details below) Attempted to recover the first stage by parachuting it into the ocean, but it burned up on reentry, before the parachutes even deployed.[12] | |||||||||
2 | 8 December 2010, 15:43 [13] |
F9 v1.0 [7] B0004 [8] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Dragon demo flight C1 (Dragon C101) |
LEO (ISS) | Success [9] | Failure [9][14] (parachute) | ||
Maiden flight of Dragon capsule, consisting of over 3 hours of testing thruster maneuvering and reentry.[15] Attempted to recover the first stage by parachuting it into the ocean, but it disintegrated upon reentry, before the parachutes were deployed.[12] (more details below) It also included two CubeSats,[16] and a wheel of Brouère cheese.[17] | |||||||||
3 | 22 May 2012, 07:44 [18] |
F9 v1.0 [7] B0005 [8] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Dragon demo flight C2+ [19] (Dragon C102) |
525 kg (1,157 lb) [20] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (COTS) | Success [21] | No attempt |
Dragon spacecraft demonstrated a series of tests before it was allowed to approach the International Space Station. Two days later, it became the first commercial spacecraft to board the ISS.[18] (more details below) | |||||||||
4 | 8 October 2012, 00:35 [22] |
F9 v1.0 [7] B0006 [8] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-1 [23] (Dragon C103) |
4,700 kg (10,400 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | No attempt |
Orbcomm-OG2[24] | 172 kg (379 lb) [25] | LEO | Orbcomm | Partial failure [26] | |||||
CRS-1 was successful, but the secondary payload was inserted into abnormally low orbit and subsequently lost. This was due to one of the nine Merlin engines shutting down during the launch, and as per ISS visiting vehicle safety rules, the primary payload owner, NASA, was contractually allowed to decline a second reignition.[27][28][29] | |||||||||
5 | 1 March 2013, 15:10 |
F9 v1.0 [7] B0007 [8] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-2 [23] (Dragon C104) |
4,877 kg (10,752 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | No attempt |
Last launch of the original Falcon 9 v1.0 launch vehicle, first use of the unpressurized trunk section of Dragon.[30] | |||||||||
6 | 29 September 2013, 16:00 [31] |
F9 v1.1 [7] B1003 [8] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
CASSIOPE [23][32] | 500 kg (1,100 lb) | Polar orbit LEO | MDA | Success [31] | Uncontrolled (ocean)[c] |
First commercial mission with a private customer, first launch from Vandenberg, and demonstration flight of Falcon 9 v1.1 with an improved 13-tonne to LEO capacity.[30] After separation from the second stage carrying Canadian commercial and scientific satellites, the first stage booster performed a controlled reentry,[33] and an ocean touchdown test for the first time. This provided good test data, even though the booster started rolling as it neared the ocean, leading to the shutdown of the central engine as the roll depleted it of fuel, resulting in a hard impact with the ocean.[31] This was the first known attempt of a rocket engine being lit to perform a supersonic retro propulsion, and allowed SpaceX to enter a public-private partnership with NASA and its Mars entry, descent, and landing technologies research projects.[34] (more details below) | |||||||||
7 | 3 December 2013, 22:41 [35] |
F9 v1.1 B1004 |
CCAFS, LC-40 |
SES-8 [23][36][37] | 3,170 kg (6,990 lb) | GTO | SES | Success [38] | No attempt [39] |
First Geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) launch for Falcon 9,[36] and first successful reignition of the second stage.[40] SES-8 was inserted into a Super-Synchronous Transfer Orbit of 79,341 km in apogee with an inclination of 20.55° to the equator. |
2014
editWith six launches, SpaceX became the second most prolific American company in terms of 2014 launches, behind Atlas V rockets.[41]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 6 January 2014, 22:06 [42] |
F9 v1.1 | Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
Thaicom 6 [23] | 3,325 kg (7,330 lb) | GTO | Thaicom | Success [43] | No attempt [44] |
The Thai communication satellite was the second GTO launch for Falcon 9. The USAF evaluated launch data from this flight as part of a separate certification program for SpaceX to qualify to fly military payloads, but found that the launch had "unacceptable fuel reserves at engine cutoff of the stage 2 second burnoff".[45] Thaicom-6 was inserted into a Super-Synchronous Transfer Orbit of 90,039 km in apogee with an inclination of 22.46° to the equator. | |||||||||
9 | 18 April 2014, 19:25 [22] |
F9 v1.1 | Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-3[23] (Dragon C105) |
2,296 kg (5,062 lb)[46] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Controlled (ocean) [c][47] |
Following second-stage separation, SpaceX conducted a second controlled-descent test of the discarded booster vehicle and achieved the first successful controlled ocean touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster.[48][49] Following the soft touchdown, the first stage tipped over as expected and was destroyed. This was the first Falcon 9 booster to fly with extensible landing legs and the first Dragon mission with the Falcon 9 v1.1 launch vehicle. This flight also launched the ELaNa 5 mission for NASA as a secondary payload.[50][51] | |||||||||
10 | 14 July 2014, 15:15 |
F9 v1.1 | Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
Orbcomm-OG2-1 (6 satellites)[23] |
1,316 kg (2,901 lb) | LEO | Orbcomm | Success[52] | Controlled (ocean)[c][47] |
Payload included 6 satellites weighing 172 kg each and two 142 kg mass simulators.[25][53] Equipped for the second time with landing legs, the first-stage booster successfully conducted a controlled-descent test consisting of a burn for deceleration from hypersonic velocity in the upper atmosphere, a reentry burn, and a final landing burn before soft-landing on the ocean surface.[54] | |||||||||
11 | 5 August 2014, 08:00 |
F9 v1.1 | Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
AsiaSat 8[23][55][56] | 4,535 kg (9,998 lb) | GTO | AsiaSat | Success[57] | No attempt [58] |
First time SpaceX managed a launch site turnaround between two flights of under a month (22 days). GTO launch of the large communication satellite from Hong Kong did not allow for propulsive return-over-water and controlled splashdown of the first stage.[58] | |||||||||
12 | 7 September 2014, 05:00 |
F9 v1.1 B1011[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
AsiaSat 6[23][55][59] | 4,428 kg (9,762 lb) | GTO | AsiaSat | Success[60] | No attempt |
Launch was delayed for two weeks for additional verifications after a malfunction observed in the development of the F9R Dev1 prototype.[61] GTO launch of the heavy payload did not allow for controlled splashdown.[62] | |||||||||
13 | 21 September 2014, 05:52[22] |
F9 v1.1 B1010[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-4[23] (Dragon C106.1) |
2,216 kg (4,885 lb)[63] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success[64] | Uncontrolled (ocean)[c][65] |
Fourth attempt of a soft ocean touchdown,[66] but the booster ran out of liquid oxygen.[65] Detailed thermal imaging infrared sensor data was collected however by NASA, as part of a joint arrangement with SpaceX as part of research on retropropulsive deceleration technologies for developing new approaches to Martian atmospheric entry.[66] |
2015
editWith 7 launches in 2015, Falcon 9 was the second most launched American rocket behind Atlas V.[67]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 | 10 January 2015, 09:47[68] |
F9 v1.1 B1012[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-5[69] (Dragon C107) |
2,395 kg (5,280 lb)[70] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success[71] | Failure (Original JRTI)[d] |
Following second-stage separation, SpaceX attempted to return the first stage for the first time to a 90 m × 50 m (300 ft × 160 ft) floating platform — called the autonomous spaceport drone ship. The test achieved many objectives and returned a large amount of data, but the grid-fin control surfaces used for the first time for more precise reentry positioning ran out of hydraulic fluid for its control system a minute before landing, resulting in a landing crash.[72] | |||||||||
15 | 11 February 2015, 23:03[73] |
F9 v1.1 B1013[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
DSCOVR[69][74] | 570 kg (1,260 lb) | HEO (Sun–Earth L1 insertion) |
Success | Controlled (ocean)[c] | |
First launch under USAF's OSP 3 launch contract.[75] First SpaceX launch to put a satellite beyond a geostationary transfer orbit, first SpaceX launch into interplanetary space, and first SpaceX launch of an American research satellite. The first stage made a test flight descent to an over-ocean landing within 10 m (33 ft) of its intended target.[76] | |||||||||
16 | 2 March 2015, 03:50[22][77] |
F9 v1.1 B1014[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
4,159 kg (9,169 lb) | GTO | Success | No attempt [78] | ||
The launch was Boeing's first conjoined launch of a lighter-weight dual-commsat stack that was specifically designed to take advantage of the lower-cost SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle.[79][80] Per satellite, launch costs were less than US$30 million.[81] The ABS satellite reached its final destination ahead of schedule and started operations on 10 September 2015.[82] | |||||||||
17 | 14 April 2015, 20:10[22] |
F9 v1.1 B1015 [8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-6 [69] (Dragon C108.1) |
1,898 kg (4,184 lb) [83] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Failure [84] (Original JRTI)[d] |
After second-stage separation, a controlled-descent test was attempted with the first stage. After the booster contacted the ship, it tipped over due to excess lateral velocity caused by a stuck throttle valve that delayed downthrottle at the correct time.[85][86] | |||||||||
18 | 27 April 2015, 23:03[87] |
F9 v1.1 B1016[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT[69][88] | 4,707 kg (10,377 lb) | GTO | Turkmenistan National Space Agency[89] |
Success | No attempt [90] |
Original intended launch was delayed over a month after an issue with the helium pressurisation system was identified on similar parts in the assembly plant.[91] Subsequent launch successfully positioned this first Turkmen satellite at 52.0° East. | |||||||||
19 | 28 June 2015, 14:21[22][92] |
F9 v1.1 B1018[8] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-7[69] (Dragon C109) |
1,952 kg (4,303 lb)[93] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Failure[94] (in flight) |
Precluded[95] (OCISLY)[e] |
Launch performance was nominal until an overpressure incident in the second-stage LOX tank, leading to vehicle breakup at T+150 seconds. Dragon capsule survived the explosion but was lost upon splashdown as its software did not contain provisions for parachute deployment on launch vehicle failure.[96](more details below) The drone ship Of Course I Still Love You was towed out to sea to prepare for a landing test so this mission was its first operational assignment.[97] | |||||||||
20 | 22 December 2015, 01:29[98] |
F9 FT B1019[99] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
Orbcomm-OG2-2 (11 satellites)[23][98] |
2,034 kg (4,484 lb) | LEO | Orbcomm | Success | Success[100] (LZ-1) |
Payload included eleven satellites weighing 172 kg each,[25] and a 142 kg mass simulator.[53] First launch of the upgraded v1.1 version, with a 30% power increase.[101] Orbcomm had originally agreed to be the third flight of the enhanced-thrust rocket,[102] but the change to the maiden flight position was announced in October 2015.[101] SpaceX received a permit from the FAA to land the booster on solid ground at Cape Canaveral[103] and succeeded for the first time.[100] This booster, serial number B1019, is now on permanent display outside SpaceX's headquarters in Hawthorne, California, at the intersection of Crenshaw Boulevard and Jack Northrop Avenue.[99] (more details below) |
2016
editWith 8 successful launches for 2016, SpaceX equalled Atlas V for most American rocket launches for the year.[104]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | 17 January 2016, 18:42[22] |
F9 v1.1 B1017[8] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Jason-3[69][105] | 553 kg (1,219 lb) | LEO | Success | Failure (JRTI)[f] | |
First launch of NASA and NOAA joint science mission under the NLS II launch contract (not related to NASA CRS or USAF OSP3 contracts) and last launch of the Falcon 9 v1.1 launch vehicle. The Jason-3 satellite was successfully deployed to target orbit.[106] SpaceX attempted for the first time to recover the first-stage booster on its new Pacific autonomous drone ship, but after a soft landing on the ship, the lockout on one of the landing legs failed to latch and the booster fell over and exploded.[107][108] | |||||||||
22 | 4 March 2016, 23:35[22] |
F9 FT B1020[109] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SES-9[69][110][111] | 5,271 kg (11,621 lb) | GTO | SES | Success | Failure (OCISLY)[e] |
Second launch of the enhanced Falcon 9 Full Thrust launch vehicle.[101] SpaceX attempted for the first time to recover a booster from a GTO launch to a drone ship.[112] Successful landing was not expected due to low fuel reserves[113] and the booster "landed hard".[114] But the controlled-descent, atmospheric re-entry and navigation to the drone ship were successful and returned significant test data on bringing back high-energy Falcon 9 boosters.[115] | |||||||||
23 | 8 April 2016, 20:43[22] |
F9 FT B1021.1[116] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-8[69][111] (Dragon C110.1) |
3,136 kg (6,914 lb)[117] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success[118] | Success[119] (OCISLY)[e] |
Dragon carried over 1500 kg of supplies and delivered the inflatable Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) to the ISS for two years of in-orbit tests.[120] The rocket's first stage landed smoothly on SpaceX's autonomous spaceport drone ship at 9 minutes after liftoff, making this the first successful landing of a rocket booster on a ship at sea from an orbital launch.[121] The first stage B1021 later became the first orbital booster to be reused when it launched SES-10 on 30 March 2017.[116] A month later, the Dragon spacecraft returned a downmass containing astronaut's Scott Kelly biological samples from his year-long mission on ISS.[122](more details below) | |||||||||
24 | 6 May 2016, 05:21[22] |
F9 FT B1022[123] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
JCSAT-14[124] | 4,696 kg (10,353 lb)[125] | GTO | SKY Perfect JSAT Group | Success | Success (OCISLY)[e] |
First time SpaceX launched a Japanese satellite, and first time a booster landed successfully after launching a payload into a GTO.[126] As this flight profile has a smaller margin for the booster recovery, the first stage re-entered Earth's atmosphere faster than for previous landings, with five times the heating power.[127][128] | |||||||||
25 | 27 May 2016, 21:39[129] |
F9 FT B1023.1[130] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
Thaicom 8[131][132] | 3,100 kg (6,800 lb)[133] | GTO | Thaicom | Success | Success[134] (OCISLY)[e] |
Second successful return from a GTO launch,[135] after launching Thaicom 8 towards 78.5° East.[136] Later became the first booster to be reflown after being recovered from a GTO launch. THAICOM 8 was delivered to a Super-Synchronous Transfer Orbit of 91,000 km.[137] | |||||||||
26 | 15 June 2016, 14:29[22] |
F9 FT B1024[109] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
3,600 kg (7,900 lb) | GTO | Success | Failure[65] (OCISLY)[e] | ||
One year after pioneering this technique on Flight 16, Falcon again launched two Boeing 702SP gridded ion thruster satellites at 1800 kg each,[138][139] in a dual-stack configuration, with the two customers sharing the rocket and mission costs.[82] First-stage landing attempt on drone ship failed due to low thrust on one of the three landing engines;[140] a sub-optimal path led to the stage running out of propellant just above the deck of the landing ship.[141] | |||||||||
27 | 18 July 2016, 04:45[22] |
F9 FT B1025.1[130] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-9[69][142] (Dragon C111.1) |
2,257 kg (4,976 lb)[143] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
Cargo to ISS included an International Docking Adapter (IDA-2) and total payload with reusable Dragon Capsule was 6,457 kg (14,235 lb). Second successful first-stage landing on a ground pad.[144] | |||||||||
28 | 14 August 2016, 05:26 |
F9 FT B1026[109] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
JCSAT-16 | 4,600 kg (10,100 lb) | GTO | SKY Perfect JSAT Group | Success | Success (OCISLY)[e] |
First attempt to land from a ballistic trajectory using a single-engine landing burn, as all previous landings from a ballistic trajectory had fired three engines on the final burn. The latter provides more braking force but subjects the vehicle to greater structural stresses, while the single-engine landing burn takes more time and fuel while allowing more time during final descent for corrections.[145] | |||||||||
N/A[g] | 3 September 2016, 07:00 (planned)[146] |
F9 FT B1028[109] |
Cape Canaveral, LC-40 |
Amos-6[147] | 5,500 kg (12,100 lb) | GTO | Spacecom | Precluded (failure pre-flight) |
Precluded (OCISLY)[e] |
The rocket and the Amos-6 payload were lost in a launch pad explosion on 1 September 2016 during propellant filling procedures prior to a static fire test.[148] The pad was clear of personnel, and there were no injuries.[149] SpaceX released an official statement in January 2017 indicating that the cause of the failure was a buckled liner in several of the COPVs (used to store helium which pressurize the stage's propellant tanks), causing perforations that allowed liquid and/or solid oxygen to accumulate underneath the lining, which was ignited by friction.[150] Following the explosion, SpaceX has switched to performing static fire tests only without attached payloads.(more details below) |
2017
editWith 18 launches throughout 2017, SpaceX had the most prolific yearly launch manifest of all rocket families.[151]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 | 14 January 2017, 17:54 |
F9 FT B1029.1[152] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-1 (10 satellites)[153][154] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success | Success[155] (JRTI)[f] |
Return-to-flight mission after the loss of Amos-6 in September 2016. This was the first launch of a series of Iridium NEXT satellites intended to replace the original Iridium constellation launched in the late 1990s. Each Falcon 9 mission carried 10 satellites, with a goal of 66 plus 9 spare[156] satellites constellation by mid-2018.[157][158] Following the delayed launch of the first two Iridium units with a Dnepr rocket from April 2016, Iridium Communications decided to launch the first batch of 10 satellites with SpaceX instead.[159] Payload comprised ten satellites weighing 860 kg each plus a 1000-kg dispenser.[160] | |||||||||
30 | 19 February 2017, 14:39 |
F9 FT B1031.1[8] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SpaceX CRS-10[142] (Dragon C112.1) |
2,490 kg (5,490 lb)[161] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
First Falcon 9 flight from the historic LC-39A launchpad at Kennedy Space Center, and first uncrewed launch from LC-39A since Skylab-1.[162] The flight carried supplies and materials to support ISS Expeditions 50 and 51, and third return of first stage booster to landing pad at Cape Canaveral Landing Zone 1.[163] | |||||||||
31 | 16 March 2017, 06:00 |
F9 FT B1030[164] |
KSC, LC-39A |
EchoStar 23 | 5,600 kg (12,300 lb)[165] | GTO | EchoStar | Success | No attempt [166] |
First uncrewed non-station launch from LC-39A since Apollo 6.[162] Launched a communications satellite for broadcast services over Brazil.[167] Due to the payload size launch into a GTO, the booster was expended into the Atlantic Ocean and did not feature landing legs and grid fins.[168] | |||||||||
32 | 30 March 2017, 22:27 |
F9 FT ♺ B1021.2[116] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SES-10[110][169] | 5,300 kg (11,700 lb)[170] | GTO | SES | Success[171] | Success (OCISLY)[e] |
First payload to fly on a reused first stage, B1021, previously launched with CRS-8, and first to land intact a second time.[172][171] Additionally, this flight was the first reused rocket to fly from LC-39A since STS-135 and for the first time the payload fairing, used to protect the payload during launch, remained intact after a successful splashdown achieved with thrusters and a steerable parachute.[173][174](more details below) | |||||||||
33 | 1 May 2017, 11:15 |
F9 FT B1032.1[130] |
KSC, LC-39A |
NROL-76[175] | Classified | LEO[176] | NRO | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
First launch under SpaceX's 2015 certification for national security space missions, which allowed SpaceX to contract launch services for classified payloads,[177] and thus breaking the monopoly United Launch Alliance (ULA) held on classified launches since 2006.[178] For the first time, SpaceX offered continuous livestream of first stage booster from liftoff to landing, but omitted second-stage speed and altitude telemetry.[179] | |||||||||
34 | 15 May 2017, 23:21 |
F9 FT B1034[180] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Inmarsat-5 F4 [181] | 6,070 kg (13,380 lb)[182] | GTO | Inmarsat | Success | No attempt [166] |
The launch was originally scheduled for the Falcon Heavy, but performance improvements allowed the mission to be carried out by an expendable Falcon 9 instead.[183] Inmarsat-5 F4 is Inmarsat's "largest and most complicated communications satellite ever built".[184] Inmarsat 5 F4 was delivered into an arcing "supersynchronous" transfer orbit of 381 km x 68,839 km in altitude, tilted 24.5° to the equator.[185] | |||||||||
35 | 3 June 2017, 21:07 |
F9 FT B1035.1[186] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SpaceX CRS-11[142] (Dragon C106.2) |
2,708 kg (5,970 lb)[187] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
This mission delivered Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER),[188] MUSES[189] Roll Out Solar Array (ROSA),[190] an Advanced Plant Habitat to the ISS,[191][192] and Birds-1 payloads. This mission launched for the first time a refurbished Dragon capsule,[193] serial number C106, which had flown in September 2014 on the SpaceX CRS-4 mission,[186] and was the first time since 2011 a reused spacecraft arrived at the ISS.[194] Five cubesats were included in the payload, the first satellites from the countries of Bangladesh (BRAC ONNESHA), Ghana (GhanaSat-1), and Mongolia (Mazaalai).[195] | |||||||||
36 | 23 June 2017, 19:10 |
F9 FT ♺ B1029.2[196] |
KSC, LC-39A |
BulgariaSat-1[197] | 3,669 kg (8,089 lb)[198] | GTO | Bulsatcom | Success | Success (OCISLY)[e] |
Second time a booster was reused, as B1029 had flown the Iridium mission in January 2017.[196] This was the first commercial Bulgarian-owned communications satellite.[196] | |||||||||
37 | 25 June 2017, 20:25 |
F9 FT B1036.1[199] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-2 (10 satellites) |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | LEO | Iridium Communications | Success | Success (JRTI)[f] |
Second Iridium constellation launch of 10 satellites, and first flight using titanium (instead of aluminium) grid fins to improve control authority and better cope with heat during re-entry.[200] | |||||||||
38 | 5 July 2017, 23:38 |
F9 FT B1037[201] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Intelsat 35e[202] | 6,761 kg (14,905 lb)[203] | GTO | Intelsat | Success | No attempt [166] |
Originally expected to be flown on a Falcon Heavy,[204] improvements to the Merlin engines meant that the heavy satellite could be flown to GTO in an expendable configuration of Falcon 9.[205] The rocket achieved a supersynchronous orbit peaking at 43,000 km (27,000 mi), exceeding the minimum requirements of 28,000 km (17,000 mi).[206] Intelsat 35e is the largest Intelsat's currently active satellite.[207] | |||||||||
39 | 14 August 2017, 16:31 |
F9 B4 B1039.1[208] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SpaceX CRS-12[142] (Dragon C113.1) |
3,310 kg (7,300 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
Dragon carried 2,349 kg (5,179 lb) of pressurized and 961 kg (2,119 lb) unpressurized mass, including the CREAM detector.[191] First flight of the upgrade known informally as "Block 4", which increases thrust from the main engines and includes other small upgrades,[208] and last flight of a newly built Dragon capsule, as further missions are planned to use refurbished spacecraft.[209] Also launched the ElaNa 22 mission.[50] | |||||||||
40 | 24 August 2017, 18:51 |
F9 FT B1038.1[210] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Formosat-5[211][212] | 475 kg (1,047 lb)[213] | SSO | NSPO | Success | Success (JRTI)[f] |
First Earth observation satellite developed and constructed by Taiwan. The payload was much under the rocket's specifications, as the Spaceflight Industries SHERPA space tug had been removed from the cargo manifest of this mission,[214] leading to analyst speculations that with discounts due to delays, SpaceX lost money on the launch.[215] | |||||||||
41 | 7 September 2017, 14:00[216] |
F9 B4 B1040.1[109] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Boeing X-37B OTV-5 | 4,990 kg (11,000 lb)[217] + OTV payload |
LEO | USAF | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
Due to the classified nature of the mission, the second-stage speed and altitude telemetry were omitted from the launch webcast. Notably, the primary contractor, Boeing, had launched the X-37B with ULA, a Boeing partnership and a SpaceX competitor.[218] Second flight of the Falcon 9 Block 4 upgrade.[219] | |||||||||
42 | 9 October 2017, 12:37 |
F9 B4 B1041.1[220] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-3 (10 satellites)[153] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success | Success (JRTI)[f] |
Third flight of the Falcon 9 Block 4 upgrade, and the third launch of 10 Iridium NEXT satellites.[220] | |||||||||
43 | 11 October 2017, 22:53:00 |
F9 FT ♺ B1031.2[221] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SES-11 / EchoStar 105 | 5,200 kg (11,500 lb) | GTO | Success | Success (OCISLY)[e] | |
Third reuse and recovery of a previously flown first-stage booster, and the second time the contractor SES used a reflown booster.[221] The large satellite is shared, in "CondoSat" arrangement between SES and Echostar.[222] | |||||||||
44 | 30 October 2017, 19:34 |
F9 B4 B1042[220] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Koreasat 5A[223] | 3,500 kg (7,700 lb) | GTO | KT Corporation | Success | Success (OCISLY)[e] |
First SpaceX launch of a South Korean satellite, placed in GEO at 113.0° East.[224] It was the third launch and land for SpaceX in three weeks, and the 15th successful landing in a row.[225] A small fire was observed under the booster after it landed, leading to speculations about damages to the engines which would preclude it from flying it again.[226] | |||||||||
45 | 15 December 2017, 15:36[227] |
F9 FT ♺ B1035.2[228] |
Cape Canaveral, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-13[142] (Dragon C108.2) |
2,205 kg (4,861 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (LZ-1) |
First launch to take place at the refurbished pad at Cape Canaveral after the 2016 Amos-6 explosion, and the 20th successful booster landing. Being the second reuse of a Dragon capsule (previously flown on SpaceX CRS-6) and fourth reuse of a booster (previously flown on SpaceX CRS-11) it was the first time both major components were reused on the same flight.[229][228] | |||||||||
46 | 23 December 2017, 01:27[230] |
F9 FT ♺ B1036.2[228] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-4 (10 satellites)[153] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success[231] | Controlled (ocean)[c][231] |
In order to avoid delays and convinced of no increased risks, Iridium Communications accepted the use of a recovered booster for its 10 satellites, and became the first customer to fly the same first-stage booster twice (from the second Iridium NEXT mission).[232][233] SpaceX chose not to attempt recovery of the booster, but did perform a soft ocean touchdown.[234] The launch occurred during sunset, which caused a twilight effect where sunlight reflected from the rocket plumes at high altitude, causing "jaw-dropping views" across Southern California and surrounding regions.[235] |
2018
editIn November 2017, Gwynne Shotwell expected to increase launch cadence in 2018 by about 50% compared to 2017, leveling out at a rate of about 30 to 40 per year, not including launches for the planned SpaceX satellite constellation Starlink.[236] The actual launch rate increased by 17% from 18 in 2017 to 21 in 2018, giving SpaceX the second most launches for the year for a rocket family, behind China's Long March.[237]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47 | 8 January 2018, 01:00[238] |
F9 B4 B1043.1[239] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Zuma[239][240][241] | Classified | LEO | Northrop Grumman[h][239] | Success[242] (unclear) |
Success (ground pad) |
The mission had been postponed by nearly two months. Following a nominal launch, the recovery of the first-stage booster marked the 17th successful recovery in a row.[243] Rumors appeared that the payload was lost, as the satellite might have failed to separate from the second stage [244] due to a fault in the Northrop Grumman-manufactured payload adapter, to which SpaceX announced that their rocket performed nominally.[244] The classified nature of the mission means that there is little confirmed information.(more details below) | |||||||||
48 | 31 January 2018, 21:25[245] |
F9 FT ♺ B1032.2[246] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
GovSat-1 / SES-16[247] | 4,230 kg (9,330 lb)[248] | GTO | SES | Success[249] | Controlled (ocean)[c][249] |
Reused booster from the classified NROL-76 mission in May 2017.[246] Following a successful experimental soft ocean landing that used three engines, the booster unexpectedly remained intact. Recovery was talked about and a Craiglist ad believed to be made by Elon Musk jokingly said the booster was for sale at US$9.9 million if the buyer brought their own tugboat.[250] Despite this, recovery was not attempted, and the booster was subsequently destroyed.[251] GovSat-1 satellite was put into a high-energy Supersynchronous Transfer Orbit of 250 x 51,500 km.[252][253] | |||||||||
FH 1 | 6 February 2018, 20:45[254] |
Falcon Heavy B1033 (core)[130] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster[255][256] | ~1,250 kg (2,760 lb)[257] | Heliocentric 0.99–1.67 AU[257] (close to Mars transfer orbit) |
SpaceX | Success[258] | Failure[258] (drone ship) |
B1023.2[8] (side) ♺ | Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
B1025.2[8] (side) ♺ | Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
Maiden flight of Falcon Heavy, using two recovered Falcon 9 cores as side boosters (from the Thaicom 8[259] and CRS-9[130] missions), as well as a modified Block 3 booster reinforced to endure the additional load from the two side boosters. The static fire test, held on 24 January 2018, was the first time 27 engines were tested together.[260] The launch was a success, and the side boosters landed simultaneously at adjacent ground pads.[258] Drone ship landing of the central core failed due to TEA–TEB chemical igniter running out, preventing two of its engines from restarting; the landing failure caused damage to the nearby drone ship.[261][262] Final burn to heliocentric Mars–Earth orbit was performed after the second stage and payload cruised for 6 hours through the Van Allen belts.[263] Later, Elon Musk tweeted that the third burn was successful,[264] and JPL's HORIZONS system showed the second stage and payload in an orbit with an aphelion of 1.67 AU.[265] The live webcast proved immensely popular, as it became the second most watched livestream so far on YouTube, reaching over 2.3 million concurrent views.[266] Over 100,000 visitors are believed to have come to the Space Coast to watch the launch in person.[267](more details below) | |||||||||
49 | 22 February 2018, 14:17[268] |
F9 FT ♺ B1038.2[269] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
2,150 kg (4,740 lb) | SSO | Success[272] | No attempt [272] | ||
Last flight of a Block 3 first stage. Reused the booster from the Formosat-5 mission.[269] Paz (peace) is Spain's first spy satellite[273] that will be operated in a constellation with the German SAR fleet TSX and TDX.[270] In addition, the rocket carried two SpaceX test satellites for their forthcoming communications network in low Earth orbit.[274][271] This core flew without landing legs and was expended at sea.[274] It also featured an upgraded payload fairing 2.0 with a first recovery attempt using the Mr. Steven crew boat equipped with a net. The fairing narrowly missed the boat, but achieved a soft water landing.[275][276][272] | |||||||||
50 | 6 March 2018, 05:33[277] |
F9 B4 B1044[109] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
|
6,092 kg (13,431 lb)[280] | GTO | Success[281] | No attempt [282] | |
The Spanish commsat was the largest satellite flown by SpaceX as of March 2018[update], "nearly the size of a bus".[283] A drone ship landing was planned, but scrapped due to unfavorable weather conditions.[282] SpaceX left the landing legs and titanium grid fins in place to prevent further delays, after previous concerns with the fairing pressurization and conflicts with the launch of GOES-S.[284] The Hispasat 30W-6 satellite was propelled into a supersynchronous transfer orbit.[285] | |||||||||
51 | 30 March 2018, 14:14[286] |
F9 B4 ♺ B1041.2[269] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-5 (10 satellites)[153] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success[287] | No attempt [288] |
Fifth Iridium NEXT mission launch of 10 satellites used the refurbished booster from third Iridium flight. As with recent reflown boosters, SpaceX used the controlled descent of the first stage to test more booster recovery options.[289] SpaceX planned a second recovery attempt of one half of the fairing using the specially modified boat Mr. Steven,[290] but the parafoil twisted, which led to the fairing half missing the boat.[291] | |||||||||
52 | 2 April 2018, 20:30[292] |
F9 B4 ♺ B1039.2[293] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-14[142] (Dragon C110.2) |
2,647 kg (5,836 lb)[293] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success[294] | No attempt [295] |
The launch used a refurbished booster (from CRS-12) and a refurbished capsule (C110 from CRS-8).[293] External payloads include a materials research platform MISSE-FF[296] phase 3 of the Robotic Refueling Mission[297] TSIS,[298] ASIM heliophysics sensor,[191] several crystallization experiments,[299] and the RemoveDEBRIS system aimed at space debris removal.[300] The booster was expended, and SpaceX collected more data on reentry profiles.[301] It also carried the first Costa Rican satellite, Project Irazú,[302] and the first Kenyan satellite, 1KUNS-PF.[303] | |||||||||
53 | 18 April 2018, 22:51[304] |
F9 B4 B1045.1[269] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)[305] | 362 kg (798 lb)[306] | HEO for P/2 orbit | NASA (LSP) | Success[307] | Success[307] (drone ship) |
First NASA high-priority science mission launched by SpaceX. Part of the Explorers program, TESS is space telescope intended for wide-field search of exoplanets transiting nearby stars. It was the first time SpaceX launched a scientific satellite which wasn't designed to focus on Earth observations. The second stage placed the spacecraft into a high elliptical Earth orbit, after which the satellite performed its own maneuvers, including a lunar flyby, such that over the course of two months it reached a stable 2:1 resonant orbit with the Moon.[308] In January 2018, SpaceX received NASA's Launch Services Program Category 2 certification of its Falcon 9 "Full Thrust", certification which is required for launching "medium-risk" missions like TESS.[309] Last launch of a new Block 4 booster,[310] and the 24th successful recovery of the first stage. An experimental water landing of the launch fairing was performed in order to attempt fairing recovery, primarily as a test of parachute systems.[306][307] | |||||||||
54 | 11 May 2018, 20:14[311] |
F9 B5[312] B1046.1[269] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Bangabandhu-1[313][314] | 3,600 kg (7,900 lb)[315] | GTO | Thales-Alenia / BTRC | Success[316] | Success[316] (drone ship) |
First Block 5 launch vehicle booster to fly. Initially planned for an Ariane 5 launch in December 2017,[317] it became the first Bangladeshi commercial satellite,[318] built by Thales Alenia Space.[319][320] It is intended to serve telecom services from 119.0° East with a lifetime of 15 years.[321] It was the 25th successfully recovered first stage booster.[316] | |||||||||
55 | 22 May 2018, 19:47[322] |
F9 B4 ♺ B1043.2[323] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
6,460 kg (14,240 lb)[i] | Polar LEO | Success[328] | No attempt [166] | ||
Sixth Iridium NEXT mission launching 5 satellites used the refurbished booster from Zuma. GFZ arranged a rideshare of GRACE-FO on a Falcon 9 with Iridium following the cancellation of their Dnepr launch contract in 2015.[324] Iridium CEO Matt Desch disclosed in September 2017 that GRACE-FO would be launched on this mission.[329] The booster reuse turnaround was a record 4.5 months between flights.[330] | |||||||||
56 | 4 June 2018, 04:45[331] |
F9 B4 ♺ B1040.2[269] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SES-12[332] | 5,384 kg (11,870 lb)[333] | GTO | SES | Success[334] | No attempt [166] |
The communications satellite serving the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region at the same place as SES-8, and was the largest satellite built for SES.[332] The Block 4 first stage was expended,[333] while the second stage was a Block 5 version, delivering more power towards a higher supersynchronous transfer orbit with 58,000 km (36,000 mi) apogee.[335] | |||||||||
57 | 29 June 2018, 09:42[336] |
F9 B4 ♺ B1045.2[337] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-15 (Dragon C111.2) |
2,697 kg (5,946 lb)[338] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success[339] | No attempt [166] |
Payload included MISSE-FF 2, ECOSTRESS, a Latching End Effector, and Birds-2 payloads. The refurbished booster featured a record 2.5 months period turnaround from its original launch of the TESS satellite, a record that will be held till February 2020 with the Starlink F4 mission. The fastest previous was 4.5 months. This was the last flight of a Block 4 booster, which was expended into the Atlantic Ocean without landing legs and grid fins.[340] | |||||||||
58 | 22 July 2018, 05:50[341] |
F9 B5 B1047.1 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Telstar 19V[342] | 7,075 kg (15,598 lb)[343] | GTO[344] | Telesat | Success[345] | Success[345] (drone ship) |
SSL-manufactured communications satellite intended to be placed at 63.0° West over the Americas,[346] replacing Telstar 14R.[344] At 7,075 kg, it became the heaviest commercial communications satellite so far launched.[347][348] This necessitated that the satellite be launched into a lower-energy orbit than a usual GTO, with its initial apogee at roughly 17,900 km.[344] | |||||||||
59 | 25 July 2018, 11:39[349] |
F9 B5[350] B1048.1[351] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-7 (10 satellites)[153] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success[352] | Success[353] (drone ship) |
Seventh Iridium NEXT launch, with 10 communication satellites.[352] The booster landed safely on the drone ship in the worst weather conditions for any landing yet attempted.[353][352] Mr. Steven boat with an upgraded 4x size net was used to attempt fairing recovery but failed due to harsh weather.[353][352] | |||||||||
60 | 7 August 2018, 05:18[354] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1046.2[355] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Merah Putih (formerly Telkom 4)[356][357] | 5,800 kg (12,800 lb)[358] | GTO | Telkom Indonesia | Success[359] | Success[359] (drone ship) |
Indonesian comsat intended to replace the aging Telkom 1 at 108.0° East.[360] First reflight of a Block 5-version booster.[361] | |||||||||
61 | 10 September 2018, 04:45[362] |
F9 B5 B1049.1[269] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Telstar 18V / Apstar-5C[342] | 7,060 kg (15,560 lb)[362] | GTO[362] | Telesat | Success[362] | Success[362] (drone ship) |
Condosat for 138.0° East over Asia and Pacific.[363] Delivered to a GTO orbit with apogee close to 18,000 km.[362] | |||||||||
62 | 8 October 2018, 02:22[364] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1048.2[365] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
SAOCOM 1A[366][367] | 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)[364] | SSO | CONAE | Success[364] | Success[364] (ground pad) |
Argentinian Earth-observation satellite was originally intended to be launched in 2012.[366] First landing on the West Coast ground pad.[364] | |||||||||
63 | 15 November 2018, 20:46[368] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1047.2[269] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Es'hail 2[369] | 5,300 kg (11,700 lb)[370] | GTO | Es'hailSat | Success[371] | Success[371] (drone ship) |
Qatari comsat positioned at 26.0° East.[369] This launch used redesigned COPVs. This was to meet NASA safety requirements for commercial crew missions, in response to the September 2016 pad explosion.[372] | |||||||||
64 | 3 December 2018, 18:34:05 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1046.3[269]+ SHERPA |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
SSO-A (SmallSat Express) | ~4,000 kg (8,800 lb)[373] | SSO | Spaceflight Industries | Success[374] | Success[374] (drone ship) |
Rideshare mission[375] where two SHERPA dispensers deployed 64 small satellites,[376][377] including Eu:CROPIS[378] for the German DLR, HIBER-2 for the Dutch Hiber Global,[379] ITASAT-1 for the Brazilian Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica,[380] two high-resolution SkySat imaging satellites for Planet Labs,[381] and two high school CubeSats part of NASA's ELaNa 24.[382] This was the first time a booster was used for a third flight. | |||||||||
65 | 5 December 2018, 18:16 |
F9 B5 B1050[269] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-16 (Dragon C112.2) |
2,500 kg (5,600 lb)[383] |
LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Failure[384] (ground pad) |
First CRS mission with the Falcon 9 Block 5. This carried the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar (GEDI) as an external payload.[385] The mission was delayed by one day due to moldy rodent food for one of the experiments on the Space Station. A previously flown Dragon spacecraft was used for the mission. The booster, in use for the first time, experienced a grid fin hydraulic pump stall on reentry, which caused it to spin out of control and touchdown at sea, heavily damaging the interstage section; this was the first failed landing targeted for a ground pad.[384][386] Included ELaNa 21 payloads. | |||||||||
66 | 23 December 2018, 13:51[387] |
F9 B5 B1054[388] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
GPS III-01 (Vespucci) | 4,400 kg (9,700 lb)[389] | MEO | USAF | Success [387] | No attempt [387] |
Initially planned for a Delta IV launch,[390] this was SpaceX's first launch of an EELV-class payload.[391] There was no attempt to recover the first-stage booster for reuse [392][388] due to the customer's requirements, including a high inclination orbit of 55.0°.[393] Nicknamed Vespucci, the USAF marked the satellite operational on 1 January 2020 under the label SVN 74.[394] |
2019
editShotwell declared in May 2019 that SpaceX might conduct up to 21 launches in 2019, not counting Starlink missions.[395] but by September 2019 she declared that there will be at most 18 total launches.[396] SpaceX ended up launching only 13 rockets throughout 2019, significantly fewer than in 2017 and 2018, and third most launches of vehicle class behind China's Long March and Russia's R-7 rockets.[397]
Flight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site |
Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
67 | 11 January 2019, 15:31[398] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.2[399] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Iridium NEXT-8 (10 satellites)[153] |
9,600 kg (21,200 lb) | Polar LEO | Iridium Communications | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Final launch of the Iridium NEXT contract, launching 10 satellites. | |||||||||
68 | 22 February 2019, 01:45[400] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1048.3[401] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
|
4,850 kg (10,690 lb)[405] | GTO | Success | Success (drone ship) | |
Nusantara Satu is a private Indonesian comsat planned to be located at 146.0° East,[402] with a launch mass of 4100 kg,[405] and featuring electric propulsion for orbit-raising and station-keeping.[406][407] S5, a 60-kg smallsat by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), was piggybacked on Nusantara Satu, and was deployed near its GEO position to perform a classified space situational awareness mission. This launch opportunity was brokered by Spaceflight Industries as "GTO-1".[404]
The Beresheet Moon lander (initially called Sparrow) was one of the candidates for the Google Lunar X-Prize, whose developers SpaceIL had secured a launch contract with Spaceflight Industries in October 2015.[408] Its launch mass was 585 kg including fuel.[409] After separating into a supersynchronous transfer orbit[410] with an apogee of 69,400 km,[411][409] Beresheet raised its orbit by its own power over two months and flew to the Moon.[410][412] After successfully getting into lunar orbit, Beresheet attempted to land on the Moon on 11 April 2019 but failed.[413] | |||||||||
69 | 2 March 2019, 07:49[414] |
F9 B5 B1051.1[269][415] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Crew Dragon Demo-1[416] (Dragon C201) |
12,055 kg (26,577 lb)[417][j] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CCD) | Success | Success (drone ship) |
First flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon. This was the first demonstration flight for the NASA Commercial Crew Program which awarded SpaceX a contract in September 2014 with flights hoped as early as 2015.[418] The Dragon performed an autonomous docking to the ISS 27 hours after launch with the hatch being opened roughly 2 hours later.[419] The vehicle spent nearly a week docked to the ISS to test critical functions. It undocked roughly a week later on 8 March 2019 and splashed down six hours later at 13:45.[420] The Dragon used on this flight was scheduled to fly on the inflight abort test in mid-2019 but was destroyed during testing.[421] The booster B1051.1 replaced B1050[422] and flew again on 12 June 2019. | |||||||||
FH 2 | 11 April 2019, 22:35 [423] |
Falcon Heavy B1055 core [423] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Arabsat-6A [424] | 6,465 kg (14,253 lb) [425] | GTO | Arabsat | Success | Success[k] (drone ship) |
B1052.1 (side) |
Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
B1053.1 (side) |
Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
Second flight of Falcon Heavy, the first commercial flight, and the first one using Block 5 boosters. SpaceX successfully landed the side boosters at Landing Zone 1 and LZ 2 and reused the side boosters later for the STP-2 mission. The central core landed on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You, located 967 km downrange, the furthest sea landing so far attempted.[427] Despite the successful landing, due to rough seas the central core was unable to be secured to the deck for recovery and later tipped overboard in transit.[428][429] SpaceX recovered the fairing from this launch and later reused it in the November 2019 Starlink launch.[430][431] Arabsat-6A, a 6465 kg Saudi satellite, is the most advanced commercial communications satellite so far built by Lockheed Martin.[432] The Falcon Heavy delivered the Arabsat-6A into a supersynchronous transfer orbit with 90,000 km (56,000 mi) apogee with an inclination of 23.0° to the equator.[433] | |||||||||
70 | 4 May 2019, 06:48 |
F9 B5 B1056.1 [422] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-17 [142] (Dragon C113.2) |
2,495 kg (5,501 lb) [434] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (drone ship) |
A Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station carrying nearly 2.5 tons of cargo including the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 as an external payload.[434] Originally planned to land at Landing Zone 1, the landing was moved to the drone ship after a Dragon 2 had an anomaly during testing at LZ-1.[435] | |||||||||
71 | 24 May 2019, 02:30 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.3[436] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink v0.9 (60 satellites) |
13,620 kg (30,030 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Following the launch of the two Tintin test satellites, this was the first full-scale test launch of the Starlink constellation, launching "production design" satellites.[437][438][439] Each Starlink satellite has a mass of 227 kg,[440] and the combined launch mass was 13,620 kg the heaviest payload launched by SpaceX at that time.[441] The fairings were recovered[442] and reused for Starlink L5 in March 2020.[443] These are the first commercial satellites to use krypton as fuel for their ion thrusters, which is cheaper than the usual xenon fuel.[444] | |||||||||
72 | 12 June 2019, 14:17 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1051.2 [422] |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
RADARSAT Constellation (3 satellites) |
4,200 kg (9,300 lb) [445] | SSO | Canadian Space Agency (CSA) | Success | Success (ground pad) |
A trio of satellites built for Canada's RADARSAT program were launched that plan to replace the aging Radarsat-1 and Radarsat-2. The new satellites contain Automated Identification System (AIS) for locating ships and provide the world's most advanced, comprehensive method of maintaining Arctic sovereignty, conducting coastal surveillance, and ensuring maritime security.[446][445] The mission was originally scheduled to lift off in February but due to the landing failure of booster B1050, this flight was switched to B1051 (used on Crew Dragon Demo-1) and delayed to allow refurbishment and transport to the West coast.[422] The booster landed safely through fog.[447] A payload cost of roughly US$1 billion made this SpaceX's second most expensive payload launched[448][449] and most valuable commercial payload so far put into orbit.[450] | |||||||||
FH 3 | 25 June 2019, 06:30 [451] |
Falcon Heavy B1057 core [422] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Space Test Program Flight 2 (STP-2) | 3,700 kg (8,200 lb) | LEO / MEO | USAF | Success | Failure (drone ship) |
B1052.2 (side) ♺ |
Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
B1053.2 (side) ♺ |
Success (ground pad) | ||||||||
USAF Space Test Program Flight 2 (STP-2)[75] carried 24 small satellites,[452] including: FormoSat-7 A/B/C/D/E/F integrated using EELV Secondary Payload Adapter,[453] DSX, Prox-1[454] GPIM,[455] DSAC,[456] ISAT, SET,[457] COSMIC-2, Oculus-ASR, OBT, NPSat,[458] and several CubeSats including E-TBEx,[459] LightSail 2,[460] TEPCE, PSAT, and three ELaNa 15 CubeSats. Total payload mass was 3,700 kg.[461] The mission lasted six hours during which the second stage ignited four times and went into different orbits to deploy satellites including a "propulsive passivation maneuver".[458][462]
Third flight of Falcon Heavy. The side boosters from the Arabsat-6A mission just 2.5 months before were reused on this flight and successfully returned to LZ-1 and LZ-2.[422] The center core, in use for the first time, underwent the most energetic reentry attempted by SpaceX, and attempted a landing over 1,200 km (750 mi) downrange, 30% further than any previous landing.[463] This core suffered a thrust vector control failure in the center engine caused by a breach in the engine bay due to the extreme heat. The core thus failed its landing attempt on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You due to lack of control when the outer engines shut down.[464] For the first time one fairing half was successfully landed on the catch-net of the support ship GO Ms. Tree (formerly Mr. Steven).[465] | |||||||||
73 | 25 July 2019, 22:01 [466] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1056.2 [467] |
CCAFS SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-18 [142] (Dragon C108.3) |
2,268 kg (5,000 lb) [466] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (ground pad) |
This launch carried nearly 9,000 individual unique payloads including over one ton of science experiments, the most so far launched on a SpaceX Dragon. The third International Docking Adapter (IDA-3), a replacement for the first IDA lost during the CRS-7 launch anomaly, was one of the external payloads on this mission.[468] Along with food and science, the Dragon also carried the ELaNa 27 RFTSat CubeSat[469] and MakerSat-1 which will be used to demonstrate microgravity additive manufacturing. The satellite is expected to be launched by a Cygnus dispenser later in July 2019.
The booster used on this flight was the same used on CRS-17 earlier in the year; originally, it was planned to reuse it again for the CRS-19 mission later this year,[470] but the plan was scrapped. For the first time, the twice flown Dragon spacecraft also made a third flight.[471] Also used for the first time was a gray-band painted where the RP-1 kerosene tank is located, to help with thermal conductivity and thus saving fuel during long coasts.[472] | |||||||||
74 | 6 August 2019, 23:23 [473] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1047.3 [474] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
AMOS-17 [475] | 6,500 kg (14,300 lb) [476] | GTO | Spacecom | Success | No attempt [476] |
AMOS-17 is the most advanced high-throughput satellite to provide satellite communication services to Africa.[477] Following the loss of AMOS-6 in September 2016, Spacecom was granted a free launch in compensation for the lost satellite.[478] Due to the free launch, Spacecom was able to expend the booster with no extra cost that comes with expending a booster, and thus could reach final orbit quicker. This booster became the second Block 5 booster to be expended.[476][479] For the second time, Ms. Tree managed to catch a fairing half directly into its net.[480] | |||||||||
75 | 11 November 2019, 14:56 [481] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1048.4 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 1 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Second large batch of Starlink satellites and the first operational mission of the constellation, it launched in a roughly 290 km (180 mi) orbit at an inclination of 53.0°. At 15,600 kg, it is the heaviest payload so far launched by SpaceX, breaking the record set by the Starlink v0.9 flight earlier that year.[5] This flight marked the first time that a Falcon 9 booster made a fourth flight and landing.[482] This was also the first time that a Falcon 9 re-used fairings (from ArabSat-6A in April 2019).[431] It was planned to recover the fairings with both Ms. Tree and Ms. Chief but the plan was abandoned due to rough seas.[5] | |||||||||
76 | 5 December 2019, 17:29 [483] |
F9 B5 B1059.1[484] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-19 [485] (Dragon C106.3) |
2,617 kg (5,769 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Second re-supply flight to use a Cargo Dragon for the third time.[486] This flight carried Robotic Tool Stowage (RiTS), a docking station that allows equipment that looks for leaks on the Space Station be stored on the outside. Also on board were upgrades for the Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL). Onboard experiments include the testing of the spread of fire in space, mating barley in microgravity and experiments to test muscle and bone growth in microgravity.[487] Secondary payloads include the Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI), an experiment to image high resolution across all colours of the light spectrum, allowing for imaging of soil, rocks, vegetation, snow, ice and man-made objects. Additionally, there were three CubeSats from NASA's ELaNa 28 mission,[382] including the AztechSat-1 satellite built by students in Mexico.[487] | |||||||||
77 | 17 December 2019, 00:10 [488] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1056.3 [484] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
JCSat-18 / Kacific 1 [489] | 6,956 kg (15,335 lb) [488] | GTO | Sky Perfect JSAT Kacific 1 |
Success | Success (drone ship) |
Singaporean-Japanese CondoSat that will cover the Asia-Pacific region.[490] Due to the heavy weight of the payload, it was injected into a lower energy sub-synchronous orbit of 20,000 km; the satellite itself will transfer to full GTO. This was the third Falcon 9 launch for JSAT and the previous two were in 2016. SpaceX successfully landed B1056.3 but both fairing halves missed the recovery boats Ms. Tree and Ms. Chief.[491] |
2020
editFlight No. | Date and time (UTC) |
Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site |
Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | Customer | Launch outcome |
Booster landing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
78 | 7 January 2020, 02:33 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.4 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 2 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb)[5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Third large batch and second operational flight of Starlink constellation. One of the 60 satellites included a test coating to make the satellite less reflective, and thus less likely to interfere with ground-based astronomical observations.[492] | |||||||||
79 | 19 January 2020, 15:30 [493] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1046.4 |
KSC, LC-39A |
Crew Dragon in-flight abort test [494] (Dragon C205) |
12,050 kg (26,570 lb) | Sub-orbital [495] | NASA (CTS)[496] | Success | No attempt |
An atmospheric test of the Dragon 2 abort system after Max Q. The capsule fired its SuperDraco engines, reached an apogee of 40 km (25 mi), deployed parachutes after reentry, and splashed down in the ocean 31 km (19 mi) downrange from the launch site. The test was previously slated to be accomplished with the Crew Dragon Demo-1 capsule;[497] but that test article exploded during a ground test of SuperDraco engines on 20 April 2019.[421] The abort test used the capsule originally intended for the first crewed flight.[498] As expected, the booster was destroyed by aerodynamic forces after the capsule aborted.[499] First flight of a Falcon 9 with only one functional stage. | |||||||||
80 | 29 January 2020, 14:07 [500] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1051.3 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 3 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Third operational and fourth large batch of Starlink satellites, deployed in a circular 290 km orbit. One of the fairing halves was caught, while the other was fished out of the ocean.[501] | |||||||||
81 | 17 February 2020, 15:05 [502] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1056.4 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 4 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Failure (drone ship) |
Fourth operational and fifth large batch of Starlink satellites. Used a new flight profile which deployed into a 212 × 386 km elliptical orbit instead of launching into a circular orbit and firing the second stage engine twice. The first stage booster failed to land on the drone ship [503] due to incorrect wind data.[504] This was the first time a flight proven booster failed to land. | |||||||||
82 | 7 March 2020, 04:50 [505] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1059.2 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-20 (Dragon C112.3) |
1,977 kg (4,359 lb) [506] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) | Success | Success (ground pad) |
Last launch of phase 1 of the CRS contract. Carries Bartolomeo, an ESA platform for hosting external payloads onto ISS.[507] Originally scheduled to launch on 2 March 2020, the launch date was pushed back due to a second stage engine failure. SpaceX decided to swap out the second stage instead of replacing the faulty part.[508] It was SpaceX's 50th successful landing of a first stage booster, the third flight of the Dragon C112 and the last launch of the cargo Dragon spacecraft. | |||||||||
83 | 18 March 2020, 12:16 [509] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1048.5 |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 5 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Failure (drone ship) |
Fifth operational launch of Starlink satellites. It was the first time a first stage booster flew for a fifth time and the second time the fairings were reused (Starlink flight in May 2019).[510] Towards the end of the first stage burn, the booster suffered premature shut down of an engine, the first of a Merlin 1D variant and first since the CRS-1 mission in October 2012. However, the payload still reached the targeted orbit.[511] This was the second Starlink launch booster landing failure in a row, later revealed to be caused by residual cleaning fluid trapped inside a sensor.[512] | |||||||||
84 | 22 April 2020, 19:30[513] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1051.4 |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 6 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Sixth operational launch of Starlink satellites. The 84th flight of the Falcon 9 rocket, it surpassed Atlas V to become the most-flown operational US rocket.[514] Used fairings launched on AMOS-17 (August 2019).[515] | |||||||||
85 | 30 May 2020, 19:22 [516] |
F9 B5 B1058.1 [517] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Crew Dragon Demo-2 [416] (Crew Dragon C206 Endeavour) |
12,530 kg (27,620 lb) [518] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CCDev) | Success | Success (drone ship) |
First crewed orbital spaceflight from American soil since Space Shuttle STS-135 in July 2011, carrying NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to the International Space Station.[416] The SpaceX live stream was peaked at 4.1 million viewers, while NASA estimated roughly 10 million people watched on various online platforms, and approximately 150,000 people gathered on Florida's space coast despite the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic.[519] | |||||||||
86 | 4 June 2020, 01:25 [520] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.5 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 7 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Seventh operational launch of Starlink satellites, occurred on the 10th anniversary of the first Falcon 9 flight. Included "VisorSat" satellite test that uses a sunshade to limit reflectivity.[521] First booster to successfully land five times, and first to land on Just Read The Instructions since it was moved to the East Coast. | |||||||||
87 | 13 June 2020, 09:21 [522] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1059.3 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 8 v1.0 (58 satellites), [523][524] SkySats-16, -17, -18 |
15,410 kg (33,970 lb) [522] | LEO | SpaceX Planet Labs |
Success | Success (drone ship) |
Eighth operational launch of Starlink satellites, included the first rideshare in SpaceX's SmallSat Program, of three SkySat satellites.[525][526] One payload fairing half launched on JCSat-18 / Kacific 1 mission in December 2019. The other payload fairing half flew on Starlink 2 v1.0 in January 2020.[527] For the first time, SpaceX did not perform a static fire before launch. | |||||||||
88 | 30 June 2020, 20:10:46 [528] |
F9 B5 B1060.1 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
GPS III-03 (Matthew Henson) | 4,311 kg (9,504 lb) [529] | MEO | U.S. Space Force [529] | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Payload manufacturing contract awarded January 2012,[530] fully assembled in August 2017,[531][532] and completed thermal vacuum testing in June 2018.[533] Launch contract was awarded initially for US$96.5 million,[534] but later, this was discounted in exchange for allowing to launch configuration enabling booster recovery.[535] The vehicle nicknamed Columbus was transported to Florida in February 2020,[536] but launch was delayed by the customer from April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[537] The launch was dedicated to the memory of the recently deceased, late commander of the 21st Space Wing, Colonel Thomas G. Falzarano,[538][539] and after launch, in October 2020, the nickname was changed to that of the Arctic explorer Matthew Henson.[540][391][541] The second stage featured a gray band to allow more heat to be absorbed during the longer coasting period,[542] while both fairings were recovered out of the water without attempting a catch in the net. | |||||||||
89 | 20 July 2020, 21:30 [543] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1058.2 [544] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
ANASIS-II | 5000-6000 kg | GTO | Republic of Korea Army | Success | Success (drone ship) |
At 5-6 tonnes, the satellite formerly known as K-Milsat-1 is South Korea's first dedicated military satellite. Contracted by South Korea's Defense Acquisition Program Administration in 2014.[545] 57th successful recovery of a Falcon 9 first stage. For the first time both fairing halves were also successfully caught by fairing catching ships.[546] This launch featured a booster reflight within 51 days, a new record turnaround time for a Falcon booster.[547] It was the same booster that launched the Crew Dragon Demo-2 spacecraft on 30 May 2020.[543] The satellite was delivered to a super-synchronous transfer orbit of 211 x 45,454 km, while both fairing halves were caught in the catch nets of the supports ships.[548] | |||||||||
90 | 7 August 2020, 05:12 [549] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1051.5 |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 9 v1.0 (57 Satellites),[523] SXRS-1 (BlackSky Global 7 and 8) |
14,932 kg | LEO | SpaceX Spaceflight Industries (BlackSky) |
Success | Success (drone ship) |
Ninth operational launch of Starlink satellites. This mission carried 57 Starlink satellites and two BlackSky satellites as rideshare.[550] This first rideshare contracted with Spaceflight Industries was dubbed internally as "SXRS-1".[551] After previously testing on a single Starlink, the launch will have all 57 satellites include a "VisorSat" to reduce their brightness.[552] | |||||||||
91 | 18 August 2020 14:31 [553] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.6[544] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 10 v1.0 (58 satellites) SkySat-19, -20, -21 |
~15,440 kg (34,040 lb) | LEO | SpaceX Planet Labs |
Success | Success (drone ship) |
Tenth operational launch of Starlink satellites. Starlink flight including three SkySat rideshare satellites.[525] First time a booster made a 6th flight.[554] The fairings previously flew on Starlink 3 v1.0. One fairing half was caught by Go Ms. Tree, the other was scooped out of the ocean.[525] | |||||||||
92 | 30 August 2020 23:18 [555] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1059.4 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SAOCOM 1B [556] GNOMES 1[556] Tyvak-0172[557] |
3,130 kg (6,900 lb) [558] | SSO | CONAE PlanetIQ Tyvak |
Success | Success (ground pad) |
The 100th launch in SpaceX's history, first time a commercial launch on a fourth launch of a booster, it deployed Earth-observing satellites built by Argentina's space agency CONAE and two rideshares. SpaceX was contracted in 2009 for an initial launch as early as 2013.[559] Originally planned for launch from Vandenberg but launched from Cape Canaveral, which made it the first flight from there using the southern corridor to a polar orbit since 1969.[560][561] | |||||||||
93 | 3 September 2020 12:46:14 [562] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1060.2 [563] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 11 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Eleventh operational launch of Starlink satellites, bringing the total to 713 launched Starlink satellites.[562] | |||||||||
94 | 6 October 2020 11:29:34 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1058.3 [564] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 12 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Twelfth operational launch of Starlink satellites, which for the first time used a fairing half on its third launch.[565] Also, the B1058 holds the title for the shortest time a booster reached 3 flights which is 129 days beating B1046 by 77 days. | |||||||||
95 | 18 October 2020 12:25:57 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1051.6[566] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Starlink 13 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) [5] | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Thirteenth operational launch of Starlink satellites. Second time a booster was flown six times and first time both fairing halves were flown a third time. Both fairing halves landed on their respective ships but one fairing broke the net on Ms Tree.[567] | |||||||||
96 | 24 October 2020 15:31:34 |
F9 B5 ♺ B1060.3 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 14 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Fourteenth operational launch of Starlink satellites and the 100th successful launch of a Falcon vehicle.[568] | |||||||||
97 | 5 November 2020 23:24:23 |
F9 B5 B1062.1 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
GPS III-04 (Sacagawea) [540][569] | 4,311 kg (9,504 lb) | MEO | USSF | Success | Success (drone ship) |
Manufacturing contract awarded in January 2012,[530] underwent thermal vacuum testing in December 2018,[570] while the launch contract was awarded in March 2018.[571] A launch attempt on 3 October 2020 was aborted two seconds before liftoff due to early start in two engines.[572][573] Following the abort, two engines from B1062 were sent for further testing.[574] The abort also caused delays to the Crew-1 launch to allow time for data review.[575][576] | |||||||||
98 | 16 November 2020 00:27[577] |
F9 B5 B1061.1 [578] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Crew-1 (Crew Dragon C207 Resilience) |
~12,500 kg (27,600 lb) | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CCP) [496] | Success | Success (drone ship) |
First crew rotation of the commercial crew program, following the return in August of the crewed test flight mission Crew Demo 2. Originally designated "USCV-1" by NASA. Carried astronauts Victor Glover, Mike Hopkins, Shannon Walker and Soichi Noguchi, for a 6-month stay aboard the ISS, during which the Boeing Starliner OFT-2 flight is expected to dock also.[579] The first flight of the crew program was initially expected to launch in 2017,[580][581] and finished final certifications in November 2020.[582] | |||||||||
99 | 21 November 2020 17:17:08[583] |
F9 B5 B1063.1 |
VAFB, SLC-4E |
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (Jason-CS A) | 1,192 kg (2,628 lb) | LEO | NASA / NOAA / ESA / EUMETSAT | Success | Success (ground pad) |
Named after the former director of NASA's Earth science program, it is a radar altimeter satellite part of the Ocean Surface Topography constellation located at 1336 km and 66° inclination, and a follow-up to Jason 3 as a partnership between the United States (NOAA and NASA), Europe (EUMETSAT, ESA, CNES).[584] | |||||||||
100 | 25 November 2020 02:13[585] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1049.7[586] |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Starlink 15 v1.0 (60 satellites) | 15,600 kg (34,400 lb) | LEO | SpaceX | Success | Success (drone ship) |
First time a booster was launched for a seventh time. |
Future launches
editFuture launches are listed chronologically when firm plans are in place. The order of the later launches is much less certain, as the official SpaceX manifest does not include a schedule.[587] Tentative launch dates are cited from various sources for each launch.[588][589] Launches are expected to take place "no earlier than" (NET) the listed date.
2020
editIn late 2019, Gwynne Shotwell stated that SpaceX hopes for as many as 24 launches for Starlink satellites in 2020,[396] in addition to 14 or 15 non-Starlink launches. She noted that second stages may need to be built slightly faster in order to allow SpaceX to aim for a total of 35 to 38 flights for the year.[590]
Date and time (UTC) | Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Customer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 December 2020 16:39[591] |
F9 B5 ♺ B1058.4 [592] |
KSC, LC-39A |
SpaceX CRS-21 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
First launch of phase 2 of the CRS contract, which will use Cargo version of the Dragon 2 spacecraft. Contract was signed in 2015, for a first scheduled launch in 2019. Will carry various payloads including Bishop Airlock Module.[593] To include CFIG-1 (Cool Flames Investigation with Gases).[594] | |||||
December 2020[588] | F9 B5 ♺ B1059.5 |
CCAFS, SLC-40 |
NROL-108 | LEO | NRO |
The planned launch was not known by the public until FCC filings appeared in late September followed by confirmation from the NRO on 5 October 2020, likely a relatively light payload that allows the return of the booster to the launch site.[595] | |||||
December 2020[589] | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 [596] |
SXM 7 | GTO | Sirius XM |
The large, high-power broadcasting satellite for SiriusXM's digital audio radio service (DARS) is being built by Space Systems/Loral (SS/L). It will operate in the S-band spectrum and will replace the SXM-3 satellite. It will generate more than 20 kW of power and will have a large unfoldable antenna reflector, which enables broadcast to radios without the need for large dish-type antennas on the ground.[597] | |||||
December 2020[589] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Türksat 5A [598] | GTO | Türksat |
A 3500 kg satellite intended to be stationed at 31.0° East.[598] Will provide Ku-band television broadcast services over Turkey, the Middle East, Europe and Africa.[588] | |||||
December 2020[599] Delay?[589] |
F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Starlink 16 v1.0 possibly with smallsat rideshare | LEO | SpaceX |
2021
editSpaceX aims to have up to 54 launches for Falcon 9 and another 10 for Falcon Heavy for 2021 from Florida according to its February 2020 environmental assessment.[600] In October 2020, Musk indicated he wanted to be able to increase launches to 48 in 2021.[601]
Date and time (UTC) | Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Customer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 14, 2021[602] | F9 B5 + SHERPA-FX | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40[603] |
SpaceX Transporter-1 (SmallSat Rideshare Mission 1) | SSO | Various |
First dedicated smallsat rideshare launch, targeting a 525 km high orbit.[599] Originally announced for October 2020, it will include payloads like Amber Road, Aurora Cubesat, Lemur-2 (x 8), NanoRacks Outpost Demonstration,[604] ELaNa 35 (PTD-1),[382] and multiple Kepler nanosats as part of its planned 140 satellite constellation.[605] Nanoracks will deploy eight small satellites together with an in-space Outpost-demonstration involving structural metal cutting.[604] Exolaunch will deploy several smaller satellites and cubesats via its own deployment mechanisms.[606] Momentus has also contracted payloads for five SSO launches.[607][608] First flight of a Falcon 9 with a third stage.[609] | |||||
12 March 2021[382] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-22 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
In 2015, NASA awarded SpaceX a minimum of six new cargo missions under the CRS-2 contract after the initial 20 missions of phase 1, which will be flown with an uncrewed Dragon 2 capsule.[610] Will launch payloads for ELaNa 36.[382] | |||||
30 March 2021[588] | F9 B5 ♺ B1061.2 [611] |
KSC, LC-39A |
Crew-2 (Crew Dragon C206.2 Endeavour) |
LEO (ISS) | NASA (CTS) [496] |
Second operational flight of Crew Dragon for Commercial Crew Program. Will transport NASA astronauts, Shane Kimbrough, Megan McArthur, JAXA Astronaut Akihiko Hoshide and ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet to the ISS.[612] The four astronauts will spend 6 months aboard the ISS. Starting on Crew-2 SpaceX is allowed to fly astronauts in re-used Dragon capsules with reused boosters.[613] Thus SpaceX plans to refly the Dragon used on Demo-2 and use Booster B1061.2 which has been used to launch Crew-1 in November 2020. | |||||
Q1 2021[614][615] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
SARah-1 [616][617] Co-passenger to be announced.[617] |
SSO | German Intelligence Service |
Phased-array-antenna satellite intended to upgrade the German SAR-Lupe surveillance satellites.[616] | |||||
April 2021[618] | Falcon Heavy [619] | KSC, LC-39A |
USSF-44 [620] | GEO [621] | USSF |
Classified payload totaling 3750 kg. Secondary payload Tetra-1.[622] Will use three new boosters, and first Heavy launch specifically designated to be partially expendable, with two side-boosters targeting a simultaneous landing on droneships.[623] First SpaceX mission directly to geostationary orbit. | |||||
Q2 2021[624] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Türksat 5B | GTO | Türksat |
The first GTO satellite partially built in Turkey, the 4,500 kg satellite is intended to be placed at 42,0° East.[625] | |||||
Q2 2021[626] | Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
USSF-52 | GTO | USSF |
Classified payload contract awarded in June 2018 for US$130 million.[627] Draft solicitation said the launch was 6,350 kg to GTO.[628] | |||||
April 2021[599] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Starlink possibly with smallsat rideshare | LEO | SpaceX |
Next rideshare currently available for purchase. | |||||
29 May 2021[629] | Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
ViaSat-3 class [630][631] | GEO | ViaSat |
This mission will inject the satellite in close proximity to geostationary orbit, thus allowing it to be operational faster. Satellites of the ViaSat-3 class use electric propulsion, which requires less fuel for stationkeeping operations over their lifetime, but would need several months to raise its orbit from GTO to GEO.[631] | |||||
June 2021[599] | F9 B5 + SHERPA-NG [632] | VAFB, SLC-4E |
SpaceX SmallSat Rideshare Mission 2 | SSO | Various |
Momentus has reserved payloads on five SSO launches.[607] | |||||
June 2021[633] | F9 B5 | NationSat (shared launch) | GTO | Nationsat | |
First small geostationary satellite platform, had aimed for a June 2020 launch.[634] | |||||
22 July 2021[635] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) [636] | Heliocentric | NASA (LSP) |
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test will measure the kinetic effects of crashing an impactor into the surface of an asteroid. It will be the first mission to demonstrate asteroid redirect capability.[636] | |||||
July 2021[637] | F9 B5 ♺ B1062.2[637] |
CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
GPS III-05 (Neil Armstrong) [540][389] | MEO | USSF [529] |
Manufacturing contract awarded February 2013,[638] and core mating was progress in December 2018. In March 2018, the Air Force announced it had awarded the launch contract for three GPS satellites to SpaceX.[639] | |||||
2021 | F9 B5 ♺ [637] | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
GPS III-06 (Amelia Earhart) [540][389] | MEO | USSF [529] |
Space vehicle manufacturing contract awarded February 2013.[638] In September 2018, the space vehicle was integrating harnesses.[533] In March 2018, the Air Force announced it had awarded the launch contract for three GPS satellites to SpaceX. | |||||
12 August 2021 | F9 B5 ♺ | KSC, LC-39A |
Crew-3 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CTS) [496] |
SpaceX's third operational Crew Dragon flight is scheduled to carry four astronauts including three Americans, Thomas Marshburn, Raja Chari, Kayla Barron, and German ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer.[640] It will also carry up to 100 kg (220 lb) of cargo to the ISS as well as feature a lifeboat function to evacuate astronauts from ISS in case of an emergency.[496] | |||||
August 2021[594] | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-23 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
In 2015, NASA awarded SpaceX a minimum of six new cargo missions under the CRS-2 contract after the initial 20 missions of phase 1, which will be flown with an uncrewed Dragon 2 capsule.[610] Includes FBCE, SoFIE. | |||||
September 2021[641] | F9 B5 ♺ [642] | VAFB, SLC-4E |
WorldView Legion Mission 1 [642] | SSO | Maxar |
Two Maxar Technologies satellites built by subsidiary SSL for subsidiary DigitalGlobe. [642] | |||||
September 2021[615][643] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
SARah 2/3 [616][643] | SSO | German Intelligence Service |
Expected to launch in September 2021. | |||||
Q3 2021[644][645] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Aurora 4A (secondary payload) [646] | GTO | Astranis |
This small (300 kg (660 lb)) geostationary satellite intends to provide 7.5 Gbit/s of bandwidth to Alaska, in partnership with Pacific Dataport, starting in 2021.[647] | |||||
Q3 2021[648][649] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
O3b mPOWER 1, 2 and 3 | MEO | SES |
In September 2019, SES signed a contract to launch the first part of their seven MEO satellites for its proven O3b low-latency, high-performance connectivity services.[650][651] | |||||
11 October 2021[652] | F9 B5 | KSC, LC-39A |
Intuitive Machines Nova-C lunar lander Hakuto-R Moon lander (secondary payload) [653][654] |
TLI | NASA (CLPS) ispace |
First mission of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, and would be the first private American company to land a spacecraft on the Moon. The lander is expected to carry five payloads of up to 100 kg (220 lb) total (LRA, NDL, LN-1, SCALPSS, and ROLSES) and transmit data from the lunar surface in a mission lasting 2 weeks.[655][656][657] ispace's Hakuto-R (for Reboot) is derived from the Hakuto project that was one of the defunct Google Lunar X Prize contestants. The rebooted project aims to launch a lander in 2021 and a rover in 2023, both as secondary payloads on other unspecified Falcon 9 missions.[653][658] | |||||
21 October 2021[659] | F9 B5 ♺ | KSC, LC-39A |
Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)[660] | LEO | NASA (LSP) |
SMEX 14 mission with three identical NASA telescopes on a single spacecraft, designed to measure X-Rays. The launch contract was awarded to SpaceX for US$50.3 million.[660] | |||||
October 2021[661] | F9 B5 | KSC, LC-39A |
AX-1 (Crew Dragon C207.2 Resilience) |
LEO (ISS) | Axiom Space |
Announced in March 2020, the flight will be the first fully private flight to the ISS.[662] Crew Dragon will be commanded by Axiom professional astronaut Michael López-Alegría. Three passengers on board include actor Tom Cruise, film director Doug Liman and Israeli fighter pilot Eytan Stibbe.[663][664] | |||||
November 2021[594] | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-24 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
In 2015, NASA awarded SpaceX a minimum of six new cargo missions under the CRS2 contract after the initial 20 missions of phase 1, which will be flown with an uncrewed Dragon 2 capsule.[610] | |||||
December 2021[620] | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
NROL-85 (Intruder 13A and 13B) | LEO[665] | NRO |
Classified mission awarded to SpaceX in February 2019.[666] | |||||
December 2021[620] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
NROL-87 | SSO [665] | NRO |
Classified payload | |||||
December 2021[599] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
SpaceX SmallSat Rideshare Mission 3 | SSO | Various |
Momentus has reserved payloads on five SSO launches.[607] | |||||
H2 2021[667][642] | F9 B5 ♺ [642] | VAFB, SLC-4E |
WorldView Legion Mission 2 [642] | SSO | |
Maxar Technologies built satellites. | |||||
Q4 2021 to mid 2022[668] | F9 B5 | KSC, LC-39A |
Space Adventures Dragon Mission | LEO | Space Adventures |
SpaceX signed in February 2020, its first commercial flight for a crewed spacecraft with the Virginia-based company that had flown seven space tourists between 2001 and 2009. The flight will be around 3 days, up to 5 days, on an elliptical orbit with the apogee three times that of the ISS, and up to four space tourists with a price per seat of around US$50 million.[668][669] | |||||
2021[597] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
SXM 8 [587] | GTO | Sirius XM |
A large, high-power broadcasting satellite for SiriusXM's digital audio radio service (DARS) contracted together with SXM-7 to replace the aging XM-4 satellite and allow broadcast to radios without the need for large dish-type antennas on the ground.[597][670] | |||||
2021[671] | Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
Inmarsat-6B | Inmarsat | |
Inmarsat maintained its launch option after a scheduled 2016 Falcon Heavy launch (a European Aviation Network satellite) was switched for an Ariane 5 launch in 2017.[672] This option may be used for launching Inmarsat-6B in 2021,[671] and, as of April 2020[update], SpaceX's launch manifest listed Inmarsat for a Falcon 9 launch.[673] |
2022
editSpaceX aims to have over 60 launches every year from Florida alone according to an environmental assessment.[600]
Date and time (UTC) | Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Customer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 February 2022 | F9 B5 ♺ | KSC, LC-39A |
Crew-4 | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CTS)[496] |
NASA has awarded six missions with Crew Dragon to carry up to four astronauts and 100 kg of cargo to the ISS as well as feature a lifeboat function to evacuate astronauts from ISS in case of an emergency.[496] | |||||
5 March 2022[674][675] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E [675] |
Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) | LEO | NASA |
American-European satellite intended to measure the surface altitude of water bodies with centimeter-level precision.[676] | |||||
March 2022[648] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
O3b mPOWER -4, -5, -6 | MEO | SES |
Second part of SES' MEO satellites for its proven O3b low-latency, high-performance connectivity services.[650][651] | |||||
April 2022 | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-25[610] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
In 2015, NASA awarded SpaceX a minimum of six new cargo missions under the CRS-2 contract after the initial 20 missions of phase 1, which will be flown with an uncrewed Dragon 2 capsule.[610] | |||||
August 2022[677] | Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
Psyche [678] | Heliocentric | NASA (Discovery) |
Discovery Program mission designed to explore asteroid 16 Psyche that has a 6-week launch window. The asteroid is hoped to show what the early solar system looked like and how planets formed.[679] | |||||
1 August 2022[680][681] | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO)[682] | TLI | KARI |
South Korea's first lunar mission.[682] | |||||
September 2022 | F9 B5 | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
SpaceX CRS-26[610] | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CRS) |
In 2015, NASA awarded SpaceX a minimum of six new cargo missions under the CRS-2 contract after the initial 20 missions of phase 1, which will be flown with an uncrewed Dragon 2 capsule.[610] | |||||
Late 2022[683] | F9 B5 | VAFB, SLC-4E |
ASBM 1 and ASBM 2 | HEO | Space Norway |
Space Norway will launch 2 satellites of the Arctic Satellite Broadband Mission (ASBM) system into highly elliptical orbits (apogee 43,509 km, perigee 8,089 km, 63.4°) [684]) to provide communication coverage to high latitudes not served by geosynchronous satellites.[683] | |||||
2022[685] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Nilesat-301 [685] | GTO | Nilesat |
Built by Thales Alenia Space, the Egyptian satellite will be stationed at 7.0° West.[685] | |||||
2022 | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Intelsat 40e TEMPO |
GTO | Intelsat NASA |
Maxar Technologies built satellite that will service North and Central America.[686] | |||||
Q3 2022 | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Galaxy 31 and Galaxy 32 (2 satellites) | GTO | Intelsat |
Maxar Technologies or Northrop Grumman built satellites [687] | |||||
Q4 2022 | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Galaxy 33 and Galaxy 34 (2 satellites) | GTO | Intelsat |
Maxar Technologies or Northrop Grumman built satellites.[688] | |||||
2022 | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
SES-18 and SES-19[689] | GTO | SES |
SpaceX will launch two C-band satellites for SES, with the option to launch a third satellite on a second flight.[690][691] | |||||
15 December 2022[692] | F9 B5 ♺ | CCAFS, SLC-40 |
PACE | SSO | NASA (LSP) |
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem is a 1.7 tonne, US$800 million craft that will orbit at 676 km altitude. It will include the Ocean Color Imager intended to study phytoplankton in the ocean, and two polarimeters for studying properties of clouds, aerosols and the ocean. The launch price was US$80.4 million.[693] | |||||
2022[648] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
O3b mPOWER 7, 8 and 9 | MEO | SES |
In August 2020, SES expanded the O3m contract with two additional launches, raising the number of satellites from 7 to 11 satellites at nearly 2 tons each.[694][695] | |||||
Q3 2022[696] | TBD | TBD | USSF-67 | TBD | USSF |
First launch of Phase 2 US Air Force contract. US$316 million cost for the fiscal year of 2022 for the first flight,[697] mostly includes the cost of an extended payload fairing, upgrades to the company's West Coast launch pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, and a vertical integration facility required for NRO missions, while the launching price does not increase.[698] | |||||
December 2022 | TBD | TBD | Masten Mission One (MM1) XL-1 lunar lander |
TLI | Masten Space Systems NASA (CLPS) |
In April 2020, NASA announced Masten as one of the CLPS contract winners to send a lander to the lunar South pole in 2022 with several payloads.[699] In August 2020, Masten announced they signed a launch contract with SpaceX.[700] [701] |
2023 and beyond
editDate and time (UTC) | Version, Booster[b] |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Customer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023[702] | Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO)[703] |
TLI | NASA (Artemis) |
First element for the Gateway mini-station as part of the Artemis program, launch not yet contracted.[704] | |||||
March 2023[658][705] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Hakuto-R Moon lander (secondary payload) [653][706] | TLI | ispace |
Ispace's Hakuto-R (for Reboot) is derived from the Hakuto project that was one of the defunct Google Lunar X Prize contestants. The rebooted project aims to launch a lander in 2021 and a rover in 2023, both as secondary payloads on other unspecified Falcon 9 missions.[653][658] | |||||
2023[707] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
SATRIA | GTO | PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara |
PSN chose Falcon 9 in September 2020 to launch its satellite instead of a Chinese rocket or Ariane 5. | |||||
2023 | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
Intelsat satellite | GTO | Intelsat |
Intelsat contracted both SpaceX and Arianespace to launch its fifth Maxar Technologies built satellite, and award whichever doesn't launch it with a separate contract at a later date.[708] | |||||
2023–2026 (2 launches) |
F9 B5 ♺ | KSC, LC-39A |
Two more USCV launches for CTS program | LEO (ISS) | NASA (CTS)[496] |
NASA has awarded six missions with Crew Dragon to carry up to four astronauts and 100 kg (220 lb) of cargo to the ISS as well as feature a lifeboat function to evacuate astronauts from ISS in case of an emergency.[496] | |||||
2024[648] | F9 B5 | CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 |
O3b mPOWER 10 and 11 | MEO | SES |
In August 2020, SES expanded the O3m contract with a fourth launch.[709] | |||||
February 2025[710] | F9 B5 | KSC, LC-39A |
Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) | Sun–Earth L1 | NASA |
In September 2020, NASA selected SpaceX to launch IMAP mission, which will help researchers better understand the boundary of the heliosphere, a magnetic barrier surrounding our solar system. The total launch cost is approximately US$109.4 million. The secondary payloads are NASA's Lunar Trailblazer mission, two NASA heliophysics missions of opportunity, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) mission.[711] | |||||
2023–2027[712] | TBD | TBD | about 14 launches | TBD | USSF |
Launches part of Phase 2 US Air Force contract awarding SpaceX 40% of the about 34 launches expected to occur between 2022 and 2027.[713] | |||||
2024[714][715] | Falcon Heavy | KSC, LC-39A |
At least two Dragon XL flights | TLI | NASA (Gateway Logistics Services) |
In March 2020, NASA announced its first contract for the Gateway Logistics Services that guarantees at least two launches on a modified Crew Dragon spacecraft that will carry over 5 tonnes of cargo to the Lunar orbit on 6–12 months long missions.[716] |
Notable launches
editFirst flight of Falcon 9
editOn 4 June 2010, the first Falcon 9 launch successfully placed a test payload into the intended orbit.[11] Starting at the moment of liftoff, the booster experienced roll.[717] The roll stopped before the craft reached the top of the tower, but the second stage began to roll near the end of its burn,[11] tumbling out of control during the passivation process and creating a gaseous halo of vented propellant that could be seen from all of Eastern Australia, raising UFO concerns.[718][719]
COTS demo missions
editThe second launch of Falcon 9 was COTS Demo Flight 1 testing an operational Dragon capsule. The launch took place on 8 December 2010.[720] The booster placed the Dragon spacecraft in a roughly 300 km (190 mi) orbit. After two orbits, the capsule re-entered the atmosphere to be recovered off the coast of Mexico.[721] This flight tested the pressure vessel integrity, attitude control using the Draco thrusters, telemetry, guidance, navigation, control systems, and the PICA-X heat shield, and intended to test the parachutes at speed. The "secret" test payload on this mission was a wheel of cheese.[17] The capsule is now on display at SpaceX headquarters.[722]
The NASA COTS qualification program included two more test flights; Demo 2 and Demo 3 whose objectives were combined into a single Dragon C2+ mission,[723] on the condition that all Demo 2 milestones would be validated in space before proceeding with the ultimate demonstration goal: berthing Dragon to the International Space Station (ISS) and delivering its cargo. After clearing a few readiness delays and a launch abort, the Dragon capsule was propelled to orbit on 22 May 2012, and tested its positioning system, solar panels, grapple fixture and proximity navigation sensors. Over the next two days, the spacecraft performed a series of maneuvers to catch up to the ISS orbit and prove its rendezvous capabilities at safe distances. On 24 May 2012, all the Demo 2 milestones had been successfully cleared and NASA approved the extended mission. On 25 May 2012, Dragon performed a series of close approach maneuvers until reaching its final hold position a mere 9 m (30 ft) away from the Harmony nadir docking port.[724] Astronaut Don Pettit subsequently grabbed the spacecraft with the station's robotic arm (Canadarm2). On the next day, 26 May 2012 at 09:53 UTC, Pettit opened the hatch and remarked that Dragon "smells like a brand new car".[725] Over the next few days, ISS crew unloaded the incoming cargo and filled Dragon with Earth-bound items such as experiment samples and unneeded hardware. The spacecraft was released on 31 May 2012 at 09:49 UTC and successfully completed all the return procedures: unberthing, maneuvering away from the ISS, deorbit burn, trunk jettison, atmospheric reentry, parachute deployment, and ocean splashdown.[726] The Dragon C2+ capsule is now on display at Kennedy Space Center.[727]
With successful completion of these demo missions, Falcon 9 became the first fully commercially developed launcher to deliver a payload to the International Space Station, paving the way for SpaceX and NASA to sign the first Commercial Resupply Services agreement for 12 cargo deliveries starting in October 2012.[728]
CRS-1
editThe first operational cargo resupply mission to ISS, the fourth flight of Falcon 9, was launched on 7 October 2012. At 76 seconds after liftoff, engine 1 of the first stage suffered a loss of pressure which caused an automatic shutdown of that engine. The remaining eight first-stage engines continued to burn and the Dragon capsule reached orbit successfully. This was the first demonstration of the rocket's "engine out" capability in flight.[729][730] As per ISS visiting vehicle safety rules, the primary payload owner, NASA, was contractually allowed to decline a second reignition, and due to safety regulations required by NASA, the secondary Orbcomm-2 satellite payload was released into a lower-than-intended orbit.[27] Despite the incident, Orbcomm said they gathered useful test data from the mission and planned to send more satellites via SpaceX,[26] which happened in July 2014 and December 2015. The mission continued to rendezvous and berth the Dragon capsule with the ISS where the ISS crew unloaded its payload and reloaded the spacecraft with cargo for return to Earth.[731]
Maiden flight of v1.1
editSpaceX launched the maiden flight of the Falcon 9 v1.1 (also termed Block 2[732]) — an essentially new launch vehicle, much larger and with greater thrust than Falcon 9 v1.0 — on 29 September 2013, a demonstration launch.[733]
Although the rocket carried CASSIOPE as a primary payload, CASSIOPE had a payload mass that is very small relative to the rocket's capability, and it did so at a discounted rate — approximately 20% of the normal published price for SpaceX Falcon 9 LEO missions — because the flight was a technology demonstration mission for SpaceX.[734][735][31]
After the second stage separated from the booster stage, SpaceX conducted a novel high-altitude, high-velocity flight test, wherein the booster attempted to reenter the lower atmosphere in a controlled manner and decelerate to a simulated over-water landing. The test was successful, but the booster stage was not recovered.[31]
Loss of CRS-7 mission
editOn 28 June 2015, Falcon 9 Flight 19 carried a Dragon capsule on the seventh Commercial Resupply Services mission to the ISS. The second stage disintegrated due to an internal helium tank failure while the first stage was still burning normally. This was the first primary mission loss for any Falcon 9 rocket.[94] In addition to ISS consumables and experiments, this mission carried the first International Docking Adapter (IDA-1), whose loss delayed preparedness of the stations's US Orbital Segment (USOS) for future crewed missions.[736]
Performance was nominal until T+140 seconds into launch when a cloud of white vapor appeared, followed by rapid loss of second-stage LOX tank pressure. The booster continued on its trajectory until complete vehicle breakup at T+150 seconds. The Dragon capsule was ejected from the disintegrating rocket and continued transmitting data until impact with the ocean. SpaceX officials stated that the capsule could have been recovered if the parachutes had deployed; however, the Dragon software did not include any provisions for parachute deployment in this situation.[96] Subsequent investigations traced the cause of the accident to the failure of a strut that secured a helium bottle inside the second-stage LOX tank. With the helium pressurization system integrity breached, excess helium quickly flooded the tank, eventually causing it to burst from overpressure.[737][738] NASA's independent accident investigation into the loss of SpaceX CRS-7 found that the failure of the strut which led to the breakup of the Falcon-9 represented a design error. Specifically, that industrial grade stainless steel had been used in a critical load path under cryogenic conditions and flight conditions, without additional part screening, and without regard to manufacturer recommendations.[739]
Full-thrust version and first booster landings
editAfter pausing launches for months, SpaceX launched on 22 December 2015, the highly anticipated return-to-flight mission after the loss of CRS-7. This launch inaugurated a new Falcon 9 Full Thrust version (also initially termed Block 3[732]) of its flagship rocket featuring increased performance, notably thanks to subcooling of the propellants. After launching a constellation of 11 Orbcomm-OG2 second-generation satellites,[740] the first stage performed a controlled-descent and landing test for the eighth time, SpaceX attempted to land the booster on land for the first time. It managed to return the first stage successfully to the Landing Zone 1 at Cape Canaveral, marking the first successful recovery of a rocket first stage that launched a payload to orbit.[741] After recovery, the first stage booster performed further ground tests and then was put on permanent display outside SpaceX's headquarters in Hawthorne, California.[99]
On 8 April 2016, SpaceX delivered its commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station marking the return-to-flight of the Dragon capsule, after the loss of CRS-7. After separation, the first-stage booster slowed itself with a boostback maneuver, re-entered the atmosphere, executed an automated controlled descent and landed vertically onto the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You, marking the first successful landing of a rocket on a ship at sea.[742] This was the fourth attempt to land on a drone ship, as part of the company's experimental controlled-descent and landing tests.[743]
Loss of Amos-6 on the launch pad
editOn 1 September 2016, the 29th Falcon 9 rocket exploded on the launchpad while propellant was being loaded for a routine pre-launch static fire test. The payload, Israeli satellite Amos-6, partly commissioned by Facebook, was destroyed with the launcher.[744] On 2 January 2017, SpaceX released an official statement indicating that the cause of the failure was a buckled liner in several of the COPV tanks, causing perforations that allowed liquid and/or solid oxygen to accumulate underneath the COPVs carbon strands, which were subsequently ignited possibly due to friction of breaking strands.[150]
First launch of a refurbished first stage
editOn March 30, 2017, Flight 32 launched the SES-10 satellite with the first-stage booster B1021, which had been previously used for the CRS-8 mission a year earlier. The stage was successfully recovered a second time and was retired and put on display at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[745]
Zuma
editZuma was a classified United States government satellite and was developed and built by Northrop Grumman at an estimated cost of US$3.5 billion.[746] Its launch, originally planned for mid-November 2017, was postponed to 8 January 2018 as fairing tests for another SpaceX customer were assessed. Following a successful Falcon 9 launch, the first-stage booster landed at LZ-1.[243] Unconfirmed reports suggested that the Zuma spacecraft was lost,[244] with claims that either the payload failed following orbital release, or that the customer-provided adapter failed to release the satellite from the upper stage, while other claims argued that Zuma was in orbit and operating covertly.[244] SpaceX's COO Gwynne Shotwell stated that their Falcon 9 "did everything correctly" and that "Information published that is contrary to this statement is categorically false".[244] A preliminary report indicated that the payload adapter, modified by Northrop Grumman after purchasing it from a subcontractor, failed to separate the satellite from the second stage under the zero gravity conditions.[747][746] Due to the classified nature of the mission, no further official information is expected.[244]
Falcon Heavy test flight
editThe maiden launch of the Falcon Heavy occurred on February 6, 2018, marking the launch of the most powerful rocket since the Space Shuttle, with a theoretical payload capacity to low Earth orbit more than double the Delta IV Heavy.[748][749] Both side boosters landed nearly simultaneously after a ten-minute flight. The central core failed to land on a floating platform at sea.[262] The rocket carried a car and a mannequin to an eccentric heliocentric orbit that reaches further than aphelion of Mars.[750]
Booster reflight records
editOn 3 December 2018, Spaceflight SSO-A (SmallSat Express) aboard B1046 was the first mission using a first-stage booster the third time. B1048 made the first fourth flight of a booster in November 2019. It set another record making its fifth flight in March 2020, but the booster was lost during re-entry. B1049 was the first booster to be recovered five times on 4 June 2020, six times on 18 August 2020 and seven times on 25 November 2020. Apart from the SmallSat Express mission, all records were set during launches of Starlink satellites.
First flight of Crew Dragon
editOn March 2, 2019, SpaceX launched its first orbital flight of Dragon 2 (Crew Dragon). It was an uncrewed mission to the International Space Station. The Dragon contained a mannequin named Ripley which was equipped with multiple sensors to gather data about how a human would feel during the flight. Along with the mannequin was 300 pounds of cargo of food and other supplies.[751] Also on board was Earth plush toy referred to as a 'Super high tech zero-g indicator'.[752] The toy became a hit with astronaut Anne McClain who showed the plushy on the ISS each day[753] and also deciding to keep it on board to experience the crewed SpX-DM2.
The Dragon spent six days in space including five docked to the International Space Station. During the time, various systems were tested to make sure the vehicle was ready for US astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken to fly in it in 2020. The Dragon undocked and performed a re-entry burn before splashing down on March 8, 2019 at 08:45 EST, 320 km off the coast of Florida.[754]
First crewed flight
editSpaceX held a successful launch of the first commercial orbital human space flight on May 30, 2020, crewed with NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken. Both astronauts focused on conducting tests on the Crew Dragon capsule. Crew Dragon successfully returned to Earth, splashing down in the Gulf of Mexico on August 2, 2020.[755]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The Telstar 18V and Telstar 19V satellites were heavier, but were launched into a lower-energy transfer orbit achieving an apogee well below the geostationary altitude.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Falcon 9 first-stage boosters are designated with a construction serial number and an optional flight number when reused, e.g. B1021.1 and B1021.2 represent the two flights of booster B1021. Launches using reused boosters are denoted with a recycled symbol ♺.
- ^ a b c d e f g A controlled "ocean landing" denotes a controlled atmospheric entry, descent and vertical splashdown on the ocean's surface at near zero velocity, for the sole purpose of gathering test data; such boosters were destroyed at sea.
- ^ a b First drone ship Just Read the Instructions, in service 2015 only
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Drone ship Of Course I Still Love You, in service 2015-present
- ^ a b c d e Second drone ship Just Read the Instructions, in service 2016-present
- ^ Since it was a pre-flight test, SpaceX does not count this scheduled attempt in their launch totals. Some sources do consider this planned flight into the counting schemes, and as a result, some sources might list launch totals after 2016 with one additional launch.
- ^ On behalf of an unspecified US government agency.
- ^ Payload comprises five Iridium satellites weighing 860 kg each,[326] two GRACE-FO satellites weighing 580 kg each,[327] plus a 1000-kg dispenser.[160]
- ^ Total payload mass includes the Crew Dragon capsule, fuel, suited mannequin, instrumentation and 204 kg of cargo.
- ^ Despite making a successful landing, de-tanking and heading back home, the stage tipped over at sea. This is still considered a successful landing as the stage damage occurred while in transport.[426]
References
edit- ^ "Falcon 9 Overview". SpaceX. 8 May 2010. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014.
- ^ Simberg, Rand (8 February 2012). "Elon Musk on SpaceX's Reusable Rocket Plans". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Wall, Mike (21 December 2015). "Wow! SpaceX Lands Orbital Rocket Successfully in Historic First". Space.com. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
- ^ Grush, Laren (21 December 2015). "SpaceX successfully landed its Falcon 9 rocket after launching it to space". The Verge. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "SpaceX and Cape Canaveral Return to Action with First Operational Starlink Mission". NASASpaceFlight. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ^ Baylor, Michael (17 May 2018). "With Block 5, SpaceX to increase launch cadence and lower prices". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Clark, Stephen (18 May 2012). "Q&A with SpaceX founder and chief designer Elon Musk". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
The next version of Falcon 9 will be used for everything. The last flight of version 1.0 will be Flight 5. All future missions after Flight 5 will be v1.1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Space Launch Report: SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.2 Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ a b c Spencer, Henry (30 September 2011). "Falcon rockets to land on their toes". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (3 June 2010). "Falcon 9 demo launch will test more than a new rocket". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
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[The] partnership between NASA and SpaceX is giving the American space agency an early look at what it would take to land multi-ton habitats and supply caches on Mars for human explorers, while providing sophisticated infrared (IR) imagery to help the spacecraft company develop a reusable launch vehicle. After multiple attempts, airborne NASA and United States Navy IR tracking cameras ... captured a SpaceX Falcon 9 in flight as its first stage [fell] back toward Earth shortly after second-stage ignition and then reignited to lower the stage toward a propulsive "zero-velocity, zero-altitude" touchdown on the sea surface.
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