Names of European cities in different languages (M–P)

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago.[citation needed] In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.[1]

English name Other names or former names
  Maastricht Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*), Mastriht (Serbian), Maseuteuriheuteu/Masŭt'ŭrihŭt'ŭ - 마스트리흐트 (Korean), Maestricht (former French, Romanian variant), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Portuguese rare*, Spanish), Māsutorihito - マーストリヒト (Japanese)*, Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin)
  Madrid Madrid (Afrikaans, Asturian, Azeri, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Mǎdélǐ - 馬德里 (Traditional Chinese), Mǎdélǐ - 马德里 (Simplified Chinese), Madeurideu/Madŭridŭ - 마드리드 (Korean), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese)*, Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid - Мадрид (Bulgarian, Russian), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madril (Basque), Madrit (Old Catalan), Madryd - Мадрыд (Belarusian), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), مدريد (Arabic), मद्रीद (Hindi), مادرید (Persian), মাদ্রিদ - Madrid (Bengali),
  Mahilyow Mahiloŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Mogiļeva or Mahiļova (Latvian), Mogilyov - Могилёв (Russian), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliavas (Lithuanian), Mohyliov - Могильов (Ukrainian), Mohyliv - Могилів (Ukrainian variant)
  Mainz Määnz (local dialect), Mentz (early modern English), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Maienţa (old Romanian), Mainca (Latvian), Maincheu/Mainch'ŭ - 마인츠 (Korean), Maintsu - マインツ (Japanese)*, Mainz (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Meenz (former local dialect), Měiyīncí - 美因茨 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak)
  Makó Macău (Romanian), Makó (Hungarian), Makov (Slovak), Makov - מאַקאָוו (Yiddish), Makowa (German)
  Malå Maalege, (Southern Sami), Malå (Swedish), Máláge (Ume Sami)
  Málaga Malaca (Latin), Málaga (German, English, Basque, French, Galician, Interlingue, Italian, Portuguese), Màlaga (Catalan), Malaga (Kabyle, Ladino, Polish), Malago (Esperanto), Malaca (Latin), مالقة (Arabic), Málaga - מאלגה‎ (Hebrew), Mǎlājiā - 马拉加 (Chinese), Mallaga - 말라가 (Korean)*, Maraga - マラガ (Japanese)*, Mlkʾ - 𐤌𐤋𐤊𐤀 (Punic)
  Malbork Malborg (Romanian), Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
  Malmedy Malmedy (Dutch, French, German), Malmünde (former German)
  Malmö Ellenbogen (former German), Malme (Latvian), Malmo (Portuguese) Malmø (Danish),Málmey (Icelandic) Malmö (Azeri, Finnish, German, Swedish, Turkish), Malmő (Hungarian), Malmoe - 말뫼 (Korean), Malmogia (Latin), Marume - マルメ (Japanese)*, MǎěrMò - 马尔默 (simplified) 馬爾默 (traditional) (Chinese), Malme - מאלמה (Hebrew), মালমা - Malma (Bengali)
   Manchester Manchain (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), Maencheseuteo/Maench'esŭt'ŏ - 맨체스터 (Korean), Mamucium (Latin), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Mançester (Albanian), Mànchèsītè - 曼彻斯特 (simplified) 曼徹斯特 (traditional) (Chinese), Mánchester (Spanish) Manchéster (Portuguese), Manchesutā - マンチェスター (Japanese)*, Manchuin (Manx)*, Mankhestría - Μαγχεστρία (Greek), منچستر (Persian), ম্যানচেস্টার - Mencheshtar (Bengali)
  Mantua Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Hungarian, Czech, Maltese, Romanian, Slovak), Mantobha (Scottish Gaelic), Mantua (Dutch, German, Latin, Spanish), Màntua (Catalan), Mântua (Portuguese), Mantoba/Mant'oba - 만토바 (Korean)
  Maribor Marburg an der Drau (German), Marburgo (Portuguese, Italian), Maribor (Azeri, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian), Марибор (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian)
   Mariehamn Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish), Maríuhöfn (Icelandic)
  Marktredwitz Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
  Marseille Marselha* (Occitan), Marselha (Portuguese)*, Marseille (Finnish*, French*, Swedish*, Scottish Gaelic*), Marsiglia (Italian)*, Marseilla (Basque)*, Marsella (Catalan*, Spanish*, Tagalog*), Mạc Xây or Mac-xây (Vietnamese), Marcel - Մարսել (Armenian), Mareuseyu/Marŭseyu - 마르세유 (Korean), Marsey - מרסיי (Hebrew)*, Marseilles (English variant)*, Marsejlo (Esperanto)*, Marsel (Azeri*, Marsel’ - Марсель (Russian)*, Marseļa (Latvian)*, Marselis (Lithuanian)*, Marselj (Serbian), Marseya (Ladino)*, Marsigghia (Sicilian)*, Marsigla (Romansh), Marsilia (Romanian)*, Marsilja (Maltese), Marsīliyā - مارسيليا (Arabic)*, Marsilya (Turkish*), Marsylia (Polish)*, Maruseiyu - マルセイユ (Japanese)*, Masalía - Μασσαλία (Greek)*, Massilia (Latin)*, مارسی (Persian), MǎSài - 马赛 (simplified) 馬賽 (traditional) (Chinese)
  Mazzano Romano Mazzano Romano (Italian), Narce (Etruscan)
  Mechelen Malinas (Spanish), Malines (French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name), Mekeln (Gronings)
  Meißen Maisen - マイセン (Japanese)*, Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Dutch, English, French, Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
  Melk Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German)
  Menton Menton (French), Mentone (Italian)
  Messina Missina (Sicilian), Messina (Azeri, Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish), Mesīna (Latvian), Mesina (Spanish), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messana (Latin), Messēnē - Μεσσήνη (Ancient Greek), Messhīna - メッシーナ (Japanese)*, Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Micina (Old Spanish), Zánklē - Ζάγκλη (Ancient Greek alternate)
  Metz Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Méty (Czech), Metz (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian)
  Medzhybizh Medschybisch (German), Medžibož - Меджибож (Russian), Medžybiž (Finnish), Medžybiž - Меджибіж (Ukrainian), Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish)
  Miercurea-Ciuc Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
  Mikkeli Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish)
  Mikulov Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
  Milan Milano (Croatian, Danish, Esperanto, Finnish, Irish, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Mailand (Former Danish, German), Majland (Old Hungarian), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana - Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Milan (Azeri, French, Friulian, Maltese, Milanese, Slovene), Milán (Czech, Galician, Spanish), Mǐlán - 米兰 (simplified) 米蘭 (traditional) (Chinese), Milāna (Latvian), Milanas (Lithuanian), Milano - Милано (Bulgarian), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Miláno (Slovak), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milaun (Romansh), Millano - 밀라노 (Korean), Mirano - ミラノ (Japanese)*, میلان (Persian)
  Minsk Miensk - Менск (classical Belarusian), Minseukeu/Minsŭk'ŭ - 민스크 (Korean), Minsk (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Minsk - Мінск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minsque (Portuguese)*, Minsuku - ミンスク (Japanese)*, Minxcơ (Vietnamese), Minszk (Hungarian), مینسک (Persian), MíngSīKè - 明斯克 (simplified) 明斯克 (traditional) (Chinese), Mionsc (Irish, alternate Scottish Gaelic*)
  Mirandola La Miràndla or La Miràndula (Emilian*), Mǐlándoulā - 米兰多拉 (semplified) 米蘭多拉 (traditional) (Chinese*), Mirándola (Galician, Portuguese, Spanish) - Μιράντολα (Greek), Miràndola (Catalan), Mirandole (French), Mirandora - ミランドラ (Japanese*), Mirandula (Latin*)
  Miskolc Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian)
  Moineşti Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian)
  Modena Modena (Dutch, English, German, Irish, Italian, Scottish Gaelic), Modène (French), Módena (Galician, Portuguese, Spanish), Mòdena (Catalan), Mutina (Latin), MōDiǎnNà - 摩德納 (simplified) 摩典納 (traditional) (Chinese)
  Monaco Munegu (Monegasque), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Mônaco (Brazilian Portuguese), Mónàgē - 摩納哥 (Traditional Chinese), Mónàgē - 摩纳哥 (Simplified Chinese), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Azeri, Basque, Bosnian, Croatian, Esperanto, Frisian, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - (Hungarian) Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monako - モナコ (Japanese)*, Monako - Монако (Bulgarian), Monako/Monak'o - 모나코 (Korean), Mònec (Old Catalan), Mònaco (Catalan)
  Monfalcone Tržič (Slovene), Falkenberg (German)
  Mons Berg (Limburgish), Bergen (Afrikaans*, Dutch, German), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (Afrikaans variant, French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon)
  Monschau Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
  Montbéliard Mömpelgard (former German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian)
  Monza Montsch (former German), Montsa - モンツァ (Japanese)*, Monza (Italian, Maltese)
  Morąg Mohrungen (German), Morąg (German, Polish)
  Moscow Moskva (Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Moskva - Москва (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscau (Romansh), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (Catalan, French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Galician, Romanian), Moscovo (European Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Mosgo/Moscobha (Scottish Gaelic) *, Moska (Maltese), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Mòsīkē - 莫斯科 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva - Մոսկվա (Armenian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Standard written Yiddish), Moskiv - מאָסקעװ (spoken Southeastern Yiddish), Moskeve - מאָסקעװע (spoken Central Yiddish), Mosku (Tagalog*) Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Indonesian, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese)*, Moszkva (Hungarian), موسكو Mūskū (Arabic), Matxcơva or Mạc Tư Khoa (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Moseukeuba/Mosŭk'ŭba - 모스크바 (Korean), مسکو (Persian), Moskë (Albanian)
  Mosonmagyaróvár Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German), Uhorský Starhrad (Slovak)
  Motovun Montona (Italian), Motovun (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian)
  Mouscron Moeskroen (Dutch), Mouscron (French)
  Mstsislaw Amścisłaŭ - Амсьціслаў (Taraškievica Belarusian*), MscisłaŭМсціслаў (Belarusian*), Mścisłaŭ - Мсьціслаў (alternative Belarusian), Mscislav - Мсцислав (Serbian*), Mscislava (Latvian*), Mscislavas (Lithuanian*), Mścisław (Polish)*,[KNAB] Mstislav - Мстислав (alternative Serbian), MstislavǎlМстиславъл (Bulgarian*), Mstislavl′Мстиславль (Russian*),[KNAB] Mstislavlis (archaic Lithuanian), Mstsislau (Finnish*), Mstyslavl′Мстиславль (Ukrainian*), Mszislau (German*), Mǔsīqísīlāfū姆斯齊斯拉夫 (Mandarin Chinese*), Musutsisurauムスツィスラウ (Japanese*)
  Mukachevo Moukatchevo (French), Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukačava - Мукачава (Belarusian), Mukaçevo (Crimean Tatar), Mukacheve - Мукачеве (Ukrainian variant), Mukachevo - Мукачево (Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
  Mulhouse Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish), Milouzi - Μυλούζη (Greek)
  Munich Minca (Romansh), Minga (Bavarian), Minhen (Bosnian, Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish, Hebrew); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Myunkhen - Мюнхен (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Mnichów (old Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Frisian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish, Scottish Gaelic *), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnic (Galician), Munic (Catalan), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Mùníhēi - 慕尼黑 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian), Muunsjen (Gronings), Myunhen - ミュンヘン (Japanese)*, Mwinhen - 뮌헨 (Korean), مونیخ (Persian), Mynih (Albanian)
  Munster Munster (French *, German*), Münster im Elsaß (German*)
  Münster Minstere (Latvian), Monastério (Portuguese)*, Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish),뮌스터 (Korean)
  Murcia Murcia (Spanish, English, German), Múrcia (Portuguese, Catalan), Murcie (French), Mursiya (Arabic), Mursyah (Hebrew)
  Murmansk Moermansk (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Mureumanseukeu/Murŭmansŭk'ŭ - 무르만스크 (Korean), Mourmansk (French), Murmanska (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Múrmansk (Icelandic), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Murumansuku - ムルマンスク (Japanese)*, Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish), Muurman or Murmánska (Sami), Romanov-on-Murman (former name)
  Mykolaiv Mikałajeŭ - Мікалаеў (Belarusian), Mikołajów (Polish), Mikolajiv (Hungarian), Mıkolayiv (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Mîkolaiv or Nicolaev (Romanian), Mykolaiv - Миколаїв (Ukrainian, Rusyn), Mykolaïv (French, Italian), Mykolajiv (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Swedish), Mykolajiw (German), Nik'olaevi - ნიკოლაევი (Georgian), Nikolayev - Николаев (Bulgarian, Russian), Balaban (Crimean Tatar historic name)
English name Other names or former names
  Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa or Kanizsa (Hungarian), Kan(j)iža (Croatian), Velika Kan(j)iža (Croatian, Großkirchen (German), Groß-Kanizsa (German), Velika Kaniža (Slovene), Kanije (Turkish), Velika KanјižaВелика Кањижа (Serbian).
  Namur Namen (Dutch*, former German), Nameur (Walloon), Namur (Albanian, French, German, Romanian)
  Nancy Nanci (Portuguese, rare)*, Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German, Rhine Franconian), 낸시 (Korean), NansiНанси (Serbian).
  Nantes Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nanto - ナント (Japanese)*, Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo), NantНант (Serbian)
  Naoussa Náousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish)
  Naples Napule (Neapolitan), Napoli (Albanian*, Italian, Indonesian*, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch, Frisian), Naples (French, Scots*), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoles (Tagalog*) Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napori - ナポリ (Japanese)*, Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol’ - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian), Neap'oli - ნეაპოლი (Georgian*)
  Narbonne Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese*, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), NarbonaНарбона (Serbian)
  Narvik Áhkanjárga (Northern Sami), Narviika (Northern Sami alternate), Narvique (Portuguese)*, Narwik (Polish), Narbhaig (Scottish Gaelic), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean)
  Navahrudak Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian)
  Nerja Nerja (Spanish), Narixa (Arabic)
  Neuchâtel Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German), NešatelНешател (Serbian)
   Newcastle upon Tyne An Caisteal Nuadh (Scottish Gaelic*), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), Newcastle upon Tyne (Dutch *, French*, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Scots*, Spanish*, Welsh*), 纽卡素 (Chinese), Njukasl na TajnuЊукасл на Тајну (Serbian)
   Newport (Monmouthshire) Casnewydd (Welsh*, Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Novus Burgus (Latin), NjuportЊупорт (Serbian)
  Nice Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nice (Albanian*, French*, Portuguese*, Scottish Gaelic*, Swedish*, Welsh* ), Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian, Maltese, former Swedish*), Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Nīsu - ニース (Japanese)*, Niza (Spanish* Tagalog*), Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian)
  Nieuweschans Bad Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch), Nijeskâns (Frisian), Schaanze/Nijschaanze (Gronings)
  Nijmegen Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese variant, Spanish), Nimegue (Portuguese)*, Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian), NajmegenНајмеген (Serbian), Nymwegen (Frisian)
  Niort

Niort (France,Spanish,Portuguese,German,Finnish,Italian,Polish,Romanian), Niōru - ニオール (Japanese)*, Novioritum (Latin), N'or - Ньор (Russian)

  Niš Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niş (Turkish*), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nissa (English, traditional name, Italian), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu), Naissus (Latin)
  Nivelles Nijvel (Dutch), Nisch (German),
  Nizhny Novgorod Ala osh - Ала ош (Moksha), Alauz'lidn (Veps), Aloosh - Алоош (Erzya), Alyn Novgorod - Алын Новгород (Sakha), Čulhula - Чулхула (Chuvash), Dood Novgorod - Доод Новгород (Mongol), Gorky (former name 1932–90), Lejasnovgoroda (former Latvian), Makarya - Макарья/Макаръя (Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian), Nijeuninobeugorodeu/Nichŭninobŭgorodŭ - 니즈니노브고로드 (Korean), Nijgar - Нижгар (alternative name in Tatar)*, Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish), Nyizsnyij Novgorod (Hungarian), Tübän Novgorod - Түбән Новгород (Tatar)*, Ugarman - Угарман (Hill Mari, Meadow Mari), Xiànuòfūgēluódé - 下诺夫哥罗德 (Chinese)
  Norsjö Nåarene (Southern Sami), Norsjö (Swedish), Nuoráne (Ume Sami)
  Novgorod see Veliky Novgorod
  Novi Sad Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Nobisadeu / Nobisadŭ - 노비사드 (Korean)*, Novi Sad (Azeri, Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Montenegrin, Macedonian, Ruthenian, Russian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Novi Trist (Danish), Novi Triste (French, Italian), Novi Verdrietig (Dutch) Újvidék (Hungarian)
  Nowy Sącz Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Novy-Sonch - Новы-Сонч (Russian), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish), Újszandec (old Hungarian)
  Nuoro Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian)
  Nuremberg Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Indonesian*, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Scottish Gaelic*, Turkish), Nämberch (Franconian), Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberch (West Frisian), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), NirnbergНирнберг (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niǔlúnbǎo - 纽伦堡 (Chinese), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak, Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Nuremberg (Scots*), Núremberg (Spanish), Nurembergu (Albanian),Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean), Nyurumberuku - ニュルンベルク (Japanese)*, نورمبرگ (Persian)
   Nuuk Godthåb (Danish)*
English name Other names or former names
  Obernai Oberehnheim (German*), Obernai (French*, German*)
  Óbuda (now part of Budapest) Alt-Ofen or Alt-Buda (German*), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech)
  Ochakiv Ochakiv - Очаків (Ukrainian), Vozia or Oceacov (Romanian), Alektoros - Ἀλέκτορος (Greek), Ochakov - Очаков (Russian), Özü (Crimean Tatar)
  Odesa Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odesa - Одеса (Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Odesa - 오데사 (Korean), Oděsa (Czech), Odessa (Azeri, Polish, Turkish variant), Odessa - Одесса (Russian), Odessza (Hungarian), Odhissós - Οδησσός (Greek)
  Odense Odense (Danish), Odensė - Òdensė (Lithuanian), Óðinsvé or Óðinsey (Old Norse), Othensia (Latin), Ottensee (German), Ottonia (Latin)
  Ohrid Akhrídha - Αχρίδα (Greek variant), Ochryda (Polish), Ocrida (Italian), Ohër (Albanian), Ohri (Turkish), Ohrid - Охрид (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Ohrid (Slovenie), Okhrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek). Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnis, Lychnidos
  Olbia Olbia (Italian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranoa (Sardinian), Terranova Pausania (former Italian)
  Oldenburg Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenbörg (Gronings), Oldenburg (German), Ollenborg (Low Saxon), Ooldenbuurich (Saterland Frisian), Starogard (Polish, Serbian)
  Olkusz Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942–45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish)
  Olomouc Alamóc (archaic Hungarian), Holomóc (Hanakian Czech dialect), Iuliomontium (Latin), Olmütz (German), Olomóc (Hanakian Czech dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomucium (Latin), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish)
  Ølstykke Elstiukė (Lithuanian), Ølstykke (Danish, Norwegian)
  Olsztyn Allenstein (German), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Ol'štyn - Ольштын (Russian), Olsztyn (Polish)
  Onești Onești (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian)
  Opatija Abbazia (Italian, Austrian German), Abbázia (Hungarian), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi ( German, historic)
  Opava Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
  Opole Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German)
  Oradea Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish), Veliki Varadin - Велики Варадин (Serbian)
  Oranienburg Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German)
  Örebro Örebro (Swedish)
  Orenburg Arenburh - Арэнбург (Belarusian*), Ărenpur - Ăренпур (Chuvash*), Chkalov (English 1938–1957), Čkalov - Чкалов (Russian 1938–1957),[KNAB] Irımbur - Ырымбур (Bashkir*),[KNAB] Irınbur - Ырынбур (Tatar*), Oremburgo (Portuguese*, Spanish*), Orenbourg (French*),[KNAB] Orenburg (German*), Orenburg - Оренбург (Russian*),[KNAB] Orenburgum (Latin*), Orenburh - Оренбург (Ukrainian*), Orınbor - Орынбор (Kazakh*),[KNAB] Orynbor - Орынбор (Meadow Mari*)
  Oristano Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristán (Spanish), Oristano (Italian), Oristany (Catalan)
  Örnsköldsvik Örnsköldsvik (Swedish), Orrestaare (Southern Sami)
  Osijek Esseg (former German), Eszék (Hungarian), Mursa (Latin), Osek (Slovene), Osiek (Polish, early Croatian), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijek - Осијек (Serbian), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Osik (Ikavian - Shokac), `Ōsīyēk - โอซีเยค (Thai)
  Oslo Àosīlù - 奧斯陸 (Chinese), Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624–1925), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oseullo/Osŭllo - 오슬로 (Korean), Oslas (Lithuanian), Oslo (Azeri, Indonesian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots *, Scottish Gaelic *, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Oslove (Southern Sami), Osuro - オスロ (Japanese)*, Ūslū (Arabic), اسلو (Persian)
  Osnabrück Ansibarium (Latin),[2] Àosīnàbùlǔkè - 奧斯納布魯克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Osenbrugge (archaic Dutch), Oseunabeulwikeu - 오스나브뤼크 (Korean*), Osnabrik - Оснабрик (Serbian*), Osnabruga (Latin*), Osnabrugge (archaic Dutch), Osnabrück (Dutch*, German*, Romanian*, Turkish*), Osnabrük - (archaic Estonian),[KNAB] Osnabruque (Portuguese alternative*), Osnaburg (archaic English), Osnabryuk - Оснабрюк (Bulgarian*, Russian*,[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Osnebrog (Gronings), Ossenbrügge (Westphalian/Low German*), Osunaburyukku - オスナブリュック (Japanese*)
  Ostend Oostende (Dutch, Irish*, Scottish Gaelic), Ostándi - Οστάνδη (Greek), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostinde (Walloon)
  Östersund Luvlieluspie (former Southern Sami), Östersund (Swedish), Østersund (Danish, Norwegian), Staare (Southern Sami)
  Ostrava Ostrau (German), Ostrava (Czech, Slovak, Slovene), Ostrava - Острава (Bulgarian), Ostrawa (Polish)
  Ostróda Osterode (German), Ostróda (Polish)
  Ostrów Wielkopolski Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish), Ostrowo (German)
  Oświęcim Àosīwēixīn - 奧斯威辛 (Chinese), švits (Persian), Auschwitz (former German*, Romanian), Aushvitsa (Romani), Aušvice (former Latvian), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osventsim - Освенцим (Russian), Osvencima (Latvian), آشویتس Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romani), Oświęcim (Polish, German*, Italian, Scottish Gaelic)
  Otočac Àotuōchácí奧托查茨 (Mandarin Chinese*), Otočac (Croatian*, German, English, Slovenian*), OtočacОточац (Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Otocsán (Hungarian*), Ottocaz (archaic Italian, archaic German), Ottochaz (archaic German, archaic English), Ottocio (Italian),[3] Ottocium (Latin*),[4] Ottocsaz (archaic German), Ottotschaz (archaic German), Ottotschan (archaic German)
  Oudenaarde Audenarde (French), Oudenarde (old English), Audenaerde (old Flemish)
  Oulu Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish, Latvian), Uleåborg (Norwegian, Swedish), Uloa (Latin)
  Överkalix Badje-Gáinnas (Northern Sami), Badje-Gájnaj (Lule Sami), Överkalix (Swedish), Ylikainus (Meänkieli), Ylikainuu (Finnish)
  Övertorneå Badjeduornos (Lule Sami), Badje-Duortnus (Northern Sami), Matarengi (Meänkieli, former Swedish), Matarenki (Finnish), Övertorneå (Swedish), Ylitornio (Finnish alternate)
   Oxford Àth nan Damh (Scottish Gaelic *), Áth na nDamh (Irish *), Niújìn - 牛津 (Chinese), Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese)*, Okseupodeu/Oksŭp'odŭ - 옥스포드 (Korean), Oksford (Azeri, Polish, Serbian), Oksforda (Latvian), Uxnafurða (Icelandic), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxford (Scots *), Oxford - Оксфорд (Bulgarian, Russian), Oxonia (Latin), Oxónia (Portuguese, rare), Resoghen (Cornish), Rhydychen (Welsh)
  Ozieri Ocier (Spanish, Catalan), Othieri (Sardinian), Ozieri (Italian)
English name Other names or former names
  Padua Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Maltese, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Padoa (Venetian), Pádova (Hungarian), Padua (Dutch, German, medieval Latin, Scots, Spanish, Swedish), Pádua (Portuguese), Pàdua (Catalan), Paduja (Latvian), Paduya - Падуя (Russian), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian), Pàdoa (Piedmontese), Pádhoua - Πάδουα / Pádhova - Πάδοβα (Greek), Patavium (classical Latin), პადუა (Georgian), Padoba/P'adoba - 파도바 (Korean),帕多瓦(Chinese)
  Pajala Bájal (Lule Sami, Northern Sami alternate), Bájil (Northern Sami), Bájel (Lule Sami alternate), Pajala (Finnish, Meänkieli, Swedish)
  Palermo Balharm or Balerm (Arabic), Palerm (Catalan), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian), Palermo - Палермо (Russian), Palermas (Lithuanian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Scots*, Scottish Gaelic*, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Pallereumo/P'allerŭmo - 팔레르모 (Korean), Pánormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Panormus (Latin), Parerumo - パレルモ (Japanese)*, პალერმო (Georgian),巴勒莫(Chinese)
  Palma Palma (Catalan, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Irish, Latin), Palma de Mallorca (Danish, Dutch, Polish, Spanish), Palma de Malhorca (Occitan), Palma de Maiorca (Portuguese), Palma di Maiorca (Italian) 팔마 (Korean)
  Pamplona Banbalūna - بنبلونة (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Iruñea (Basque), Pamplona (Azeri, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pampeullona / P'amp'ŭllona - 팜플로나 (Korean)*, Pompaelo (Latin), პამპლონა (Georgian),潘普洛纳(Chinese)
  Panevėžys Poniewież (Polish), Ponevezh - Паневежис (Russian), Ponewesch (German), פּאָנעװעזש - Ponevezh (Yiddish), Panevēža (Latvian), პანევეჟისი (Georgian), Ponevěž (old Czech)
  Paris Paris (Azeri, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romanian, Swedish, Tagalog*, Turkish), Parigi (Italian), Paras (Scottish Gaelic)*, Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia Parisiorum (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese)*, Pari/P’ari - 파리 (Korean), Paries (Limburgish), Pariġi (Maltese), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Pa-ris or Ba-lê (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek) / Parísii - Παρίσιοι (medieval Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Parisium (medieval Latin), Pariz (Breton, Croatian, Slovene), Pariž - Париж (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Paříž (Czech), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Paríž (Slovak), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans, Frisian), Paryż (Polish), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian), Bālí - 巴黎 (Chinese), პარიზი (Georgian), Pērī প্যারী (Bengali),
  Parma Parme (French), Párma (Hungarian), Párma - Πάρμα (Greek), პარმა (Georgian), Parma (Italian, Czech, Maltese, Slovak), Pareuma / P'arŭma - 파르마 (Korean)*, Paruma - パルマ (Japanese)*
  Pärnu Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Basque, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, alternative German spelling), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Pernov - Пернов (former Russian), Pernu (Lithuanian), პიარნუ (Georgian)
  Passau Batavia Bavariae (medieval Latin), Castra Batava (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech, Slovak), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passavia (Italian), Pasava (Serbian), პასაუ (Georgian), Båssa (Bavarian), 帕绍(Chinese)
  Patras Patra (Modern Greek, Turkish), Patrae (Latin), Patrasso (Italian), Patras (Azeri, Dutch, French, German)
  Pavia Pavia (Italian, German, Dutch), Ticinum (classical Latin), Papia (medieval Latin), Pavìa (Piedmontese), Pavio (Esperanto), Paviya - Павия (Russian), Pavija - Павија (Serbian), პავია (Georgian), Pavia - Παβία / Papia - Παπία (Greek),帕维亚(Chinese)
  Pazin Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian),
  Pechory Pechory - Печёры (Russian), Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish), Peczora (Polish), Pečori (Latvian)
  Pécs Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Pecz (Polish), Pięciokościoły (old Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Sopianae (old Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian), პეჩი (Georgian), Печ (Macedonian), Sophianè - Σοφιανή (Byzantine Greek)
  Peenemünde Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish)
   Penrith Pen Rhudd (Welsh), Pioraid (Scottish Gaelic)*, Peerit (Scots)
  Perm Perm (English, German, Czech, Finnish), Пермь (Russian), Permjo (Esperanto), Perma (Latvian),彼尔姆(Chinese)
  Perpignan Perpignan (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhã / Perpinhão (Portuguese)*, Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan)
  Perugia Pérouse (French), Peruja / P'eruja - 페루자 (Korean)*, Perūja - ペルージャ (Japanese)*, Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perúgia (Portuguese), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin), Perúsia (Old Portuguese), პერუჯა (Georgian), Perusia - Περουσία (Greek), Perudža (Latvian),佩鲁贾(Chinese)
  Petrozavodsk Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish, Karelian), Petrozavodsk - Петрозаводск (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Petrozavodsk (Azeri), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish), პეტროზავოდსკი (Georgian)
  Piacenza Piacenza (Dutch, German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Placência (Portuguese), Piacenţa (Romanian), Placentia (Latin), Plakentía - Πλακεντία (Greek), პიაჩენცა (Georgian), Pjačenca (Latvian)
  Piatra Neamț Karácsonkő (Hungarian), Kreuzburg an der Bistritz (German), Piatra Neamț (Romanian)
  Piła Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German 1772-1945)
  Pilsen Pilsen (Dutch, German, Italian, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian, Slovak), პლზენი (Georgian)
  Pinsk Pinsk - Пінск (Belarusian), Pinsk - Пинск (Bulgarian, Russian), Pinsk (Dutch, French, German), Pińsk (Polish), Pins'k - Пінськ (Ukrainian), פינסק (Yiddish),平斯克(Chinese)
  Piotrków Trybunalski Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian)
  Piran Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin), Pirànon - Πιράνον (Greek)
  Piteå Bidám (Pite Sami), Bihtám (Lule Sami), Bihtán (Lule Sami alternate), Bisum (Pite Sami alternate), Biŧon (Northern Sami), Byöhđame (Ume Sami), Piitime (Finnish*), Piitin (Meänkieli), Pita (Latin*), Piteå (Swedish*), Piteo (Lithuanian*), Pitovia (Latin alternate*)
  Plauen Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech, old Slovak)
  Pleven Pleven (Bulgarian, French, Serbian), Plevna (French alternate, Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish), პლევენი (Georgian)
  Plovdiv Filippopoli (old Italian), Philippopolis (Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Azeri, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian), Trimontium (Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name), პლოვდივი (Georgian)
  Ploieşti Ploieashti (Aromanian), Ploesht - Плоещ (Bulgarian), Plorescht (old German), Ploésti - Πλοέστι (Greek), Ploesht - פלוישט (Hebrew), Ploeszti (Polish), Ploešti - Плоешти (Russian)
   Plymouth Aberplym (Cornish), Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto), პლიმუთი (Georgian), Plimuta (Latvian),普利茅斯(Chinese)
  Podgorica Podgairítse (Irish), Podgorica (Finnish, French, German, Latvian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak), Podgoritsa / Podgoritza / Podgoriza (Portuguese variants)*, Podogoritsa - ポドゴリツァ (Japanese)*, Ribnica (former name), Titograd (former name), პოდგორიცა (Georgian)
  Polatsk Połacak - Полацак (Belarusian, obsolete), Połack - Полацк (Belarusian), Polock (Czech), Połock (Polish), Polotsk - Полоцк (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian), Polotzk (German), Polocka (Latvian)
  Pompeii Pompei (Italian, Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompei - Помпеи (Russian), Pompeia (Catalan, Portuguese), Pompeii (Latin), Poimpé (Irish), Pompej (Maltese, Hungarian), Pompeji (Danish, Dutch, German, Slovene, Swedish, Hungarian), Pompeya (Spanish, Tagalog*), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompei/P'omp'ei - 폼페이 (Korean), Pompei - ポンペイ (Japanese)*
  Pontresina Pontresina (French, German, Italian), Puntraschigna (Romansh)
  Poprad Deutschendorf (German), Poprad (Slovak), Poprád (Hungarian)
  Poreč Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Porech - Пореч (Russian)
  Pori Björneborg (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian), Arctopolis (Latin)
  Porto Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Irish, Italian, Spanish, English variant), Poreutu / P'orŭt'u - 포르투 (Korean)*, Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Portó (Hungarian), Portus Cale (Latin), Portu (Latvian), პორტუ (Georgian), Poruto - ポルト (Japanese)*
  Porto Torres Porto Torres (Italian), Pòlsthu Tòrra (Sassarese), Pòrtu Tòrres (Sardinian)
  Portorož Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovak, Slovene)
  Porvoo Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin)
  Potsdam 波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian), პოტსდამი (Georgian), 포츠담 (Korean), Potsudamu - ポツダム (Japanese)*
  Poznań Posnânia (Portuguese, rare)*, Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech, Slovak), Poznan (Azeri, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), პოზნანი (Georgian), Pojeunan/P'ojŭnan - 포즈난 (Korean), Pozunani - ポズナニ (Japanese)*,波兹南(Chinese)
  Prague Birāġ (Arabic), Peuraha / P'ŭraha - 프라하 (Korean)*, Praach (Frisian), Praag (Afrikaans, Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), پراگ (Persian), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Latin, Basque, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Tagalog*), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek), Prága (Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Norman), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג or Prag - פּראַג (Yiddish), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese)*, 布拉格 (Chinese), პრაღა (Georgian), Praga - Прага (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian)
  Pravdinsk Friedland (German), Frydland/Frydląd (Polish), Pravdinsk - Правдинск (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
  Prešov Eperies (German alternate), Eperjes (Hungarian), Peryeshis (Romani), Preschau (German), Presovia, Fragopolis, Eperiessinum (Latin), Prešov (Czech, Slovak), Preszów (Polish), Pryashev - Пряшев (Russian), Pryašiv - Пряшів (Ukrainian), Pryašuv - Пряшyв (Ruthenian)
  Priozersk Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish, Norwegian), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (old Russian), Priozersk (German, Russian)
  Pristina Prishtinë (Albanian), Prishtina (English, traditional name), Priština - Приштина (Serbian, Russian), Priština - Прищина (Bulgarian), Prischtina (German), Priština (Czech, Slovak, Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Priştina (Romanian), Pristine (Irish), Priştine (Turkish), Pristina (French, Hungarian, Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek), Prisztina (Polish), პრიშტინა (Georgian)
  Prizren Prisrend (English, traditional name)
  Příbor Freiberg in Mähren (German*)
  Přerov Prerau (German*), Przerów (Polish)
  Prostějov Proßnitz in Mähren (German), Prościejów (Polish)
  Prudnik Neustadt in Oberschlesien (German), Prudnik (Polish), Prudník (Czech), Прудник (Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Russian), Prudnjik - Прудњик (Serbian), פרודניק (Hebrew), Purudoniku - プルドニク (Japanese), პრუდნიკი (Georgian), Prudnikas (Lithuanian), Prudnicium (Latin), Prudņika (Latvian)
  Pruszcz Gdański Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German)
  Przemyśl Peremisla (Romanian, old), Peremyshl' - Перемышль (Russian, traditional), Peremyshl' - Перемишль (Ukrainian, traditional), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Premisl (Romanian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Přemyšl (Czech), Przemyśl (Polish), Pshemysl' - Пшемысль (Russian, modern official), Pshemysl' - Пшемисль (Ukrainian, modern official)
  Pskov Bskūfبسكوف (Arabic*), Opskova (local Estonian),[KNAB] Peskov (alternative Spanish), Pihkeva (local Estonian),[KNAB] Pihkova (local Estonian,[KNAB] Finnish[KNAB]), Pihkõva (local Estonian),[KNAB] Pihkva (Estonian,[KNAB] Võro[KNAB]), Plescovia (Latin),[5] Plescow (archaic English),[6] Pleskau (German),[KNAB] Pleskava (Latvian),[KNAB] PleskovПлесковъ (archaic Czech, archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pleskow (archaic English),[KNAB] Pl′skovПльсковъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pscovia (Latin*),[7] PskoŭПскоў (Belarusian*), Pskov (Azeri*, Czech*, Dutch, French, Romanian, Spanish*), PskovПсков (Bulgarian*, Russian*,[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Pskovפּסקאָװ (Yiddish), PskovՊսկով (Armenian*), Pskov Πσκοφ (Greek*), Ps′kovПьсковъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Pskovas (Lithuanian*),[KNAB] Psķoviფსკოვი (Georgian*),[KNAB] Pskow (Upper Sorbian*), Psków (Polish),[KNAB] Pszkov (Hungarian*), Pǔsīkēfū普斯科夫 (Mandarin Chinese*), Pusukofuプスコフ (Japanese*), Vopski liin (local Estonian)[KNAB]
  Puck Puck (Polish), Pùck (Kashubian), Putzig (German)
  Pula Pola (Italian, Romanian, French, German, Dutch), Póla (Hungarian), Polei (older German), Pula (Croatian, Czech, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovak), Pulj (Slovene), Poła (Venetian), Puola (Istriot), Pòlis - Πόλις (Greek)
  Puławy Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish), Pullno (German)
  Pyrzyce Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German)

References

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  1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  1. ^ "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?".
  2. ^ Orbis latinus
  3. ^ Cfr. alle p. 396, p. 929 e a p. 1897 sull' Annuario Pontificio - 1994.
  4. ^ Ottocium (Titular See) at catholic-hierarchy.org, Retrieved on 25 May 2017.
  5. ^ I. Hofmannus, Lexicon universale, tomus III., p. 790
  6. ^ Bacon, George A (1889). The Academy: A Journal of Secondary Education, Volume 4. p. 403.
  7. ^ J. G. Th. Graesse, Orbis Latinus (Dresden: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunswick, 1972) Ed. 1861 Ed. 1909 Ed. 1972