Wikipedia

List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

Category 4, the second-highest classification on the Saffir–Simpson scale,[nb 1] is used for tropical cyclones that have winds of 130–156 mph (209–251 km/h; 113–136 kn). The division of the eastern and central Pacific basins occurs at 140° W; the eastern Pacific covers area east of 140° W, while the central Pacific extends between 140° W to 180° W. Both basins' division points are at 66° N as a northern point and the equator as the southern point. As of 2024, 143 hurricanes have attained Category 4 status in the northeastern Pacific basins. This list does not include storms that also attained Category 5 status on the scale.

A well developed hurricane approaching Baja California, Mexico, from the south. It features a mostly circular cloud mass surrounding a defined eye.
Hurricane Odile after its peak intensity. Odile had the lowest atmospheric pressure of a Category 4 hurricane in the Pacific basin, east of 180°W, at 918 mbar (hPa; 27.11 inHg).

Numerous climatological factors influence the formation of hurricanes in the Pacific basins. The North Pacific High and Aleutian Low, usually present between January and April, cause strong wind shear and unfavorable conditions for the development of hurricanes. During its presence, El Niño results in increased numbers of powerful hurricanes through weaker wind shear, while La Niña reduces the number of such hurricanes through the opposite. Global warming may also influence the formation of tropical cyclones in the Pacific basin. During a thirty-year period with two sub-periods, the first between 1975 and 1989 and the second between 1990 and 2004, an increase of thirteen Category 4 or 5 storms was observed from the first sub-period.

Statistics and background

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Tracks of all known Category 4 Pacific hurricanes from 1949 to 2011 in the central and eastern Pacific basins

On the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, "Category 4" is the second-most powerful classification, with winds ranging between 130 and 156 mph (209 and 251 km/h; 113 and 136 kn). When these hurricanes make landfall, impacts are usually severe but are not as destructive as Category 5 hurricanes that come ashore.[1] The term "maximum sustained wind" refers to the average wind speed measured during the period of one minute at the height of 10 feet (3.0 m) above the ground. The windspeed is measured at that height to prevent disruption from obstructions. Wind gusts in tropical cyclones are usually approximately 30% stronger than the one-minute maximum sustained winds.[2]

The northeastern Pacific hurricane basins are divided into two parts – eastern and central. The eastern Pacific basin extends from all areas of the Pacific north of the equator east of 140° W, while the central Pacific basin includes areas north of the equator between 140° W and 180° W.[3] Both basins extend to the Arctic Circle at 66° N.[4]

When tropical cyclones cross from the Atlantic into the Pacific, the name of the previous storm is retained if the system continues to exhibit tropical characteristics; however, when hurricanes degenerate into a remnant low-pressure area, the system is designated with the next name on the rotating eastern Pacific hurricane naming list.[5]

Since 1900, 143 Category 4 hurricanes have been recorded in the eastern and central Pacific basins. Of these, fourteen have attained Category 4 status on more than one occasion, by weakening to a status on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale lower than Category 4 and later restrengthening into a Category 4. Such storms are demarcated by the dates they first attained and the final time they lost the intensity. Only four storms, Hurricane Fico in 1978, Hurricane Norbert in 1984, Hurricane Hector in 2018, and Hurricane Dora in 2023, reached Category 4 status three times or more.[6]

Between 1970 and 1975, advisories for systems in the eastern Pacific basins were initiated by the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center (EPHC) as part of the National Weather Service (NWS) office in San Francisco, California. At that time, the advisories released were written in cooperation with the United States Navy Fleet Weather Center in Alameda and the Air Force Hurricane Liaison Officer at the McClellan Air Force Base. Following the move of the hurricane center to Redwood City in 1976, track files were created and altered by Arthur Pike and were later re-modified following the release of a study in 1980. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) extended its authority to the EPHC in 1988, and subsequently began maintaining the tracks.[7]

Climatology

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The track of Hurricane Sandra in 2015, which is the latest-forming Category 4 hurricane on record in the northeastern Pacific basin.

A total of 143 Category 4 hurricanes have been recorded in the eastern and central Pacific basins since 1900. Only two Category 4 hurricanes have been recorded in May, in addition to 14 in June, 25 in July, 31 in August, 32 in September, 20 in October, and two in November.[6] No Category 4 storms have developed during the off-season.[6] It is theorized that global warming was responsible for an increase of 13 Category 4 and 5 storms that developed in the eastern Pacific, from 36 in the period of 1975–1989 to 49 in the period of 1990–2004. It was estimated that if sea-surface temperatures ascended by 2 to 2.5 degrees, the intensity of tropical cyclones would increase by 6–10% internationally. During years with the existence of an El Niño, sea-surface temperatures increase in the eastern Pacific, resulting in an increase in activity as vertical wind shear decreases in the Pacific; the opposite happens in the Atlantic basin during El Niño, when wind shear increases creating an unfavourable environment for tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic.[8] Contrary to El Niño, La Niña increases wind shear over the eastern Pacific and reduces it over the Atlantic.[9]

The presence of a semi-permanent high-pressure area known as the North Pacific High in the eastern Pacific is a dominant factor against formation of tropical cyclones in the winter, as the Pacific High results in wind shear that causes environmental conditions for tropical cyclone formation to be unconducive. Its effects in the central Pacific basin are usually related to keeping cyclones away from the Hawaiian Islands. Due to westward trade winds, hurricanes in the Pacific nearly never head eastward, although several storms have defied the odds and headed eastward. A second factor preventing tropical cyclones from forming during the winter is the occupation of a semi-permanent low-pressure area designated the Aleutian Low between January and April. Its presence over western Canada and the northwestern United States contributes to the area's occurrences of precipitation in that duration. In addition, its effects in the central Pacific near 160° W causes tropical waves that form in the area to drift northward into the Gulf of Alaska and dissipate. Its retreat in late-April allows the warmth of the Pacific High to meander in, bringing its powerful clockwise wind circulation with it. The Intertropical Convergence Zone departs southward in mid-May permitting the formation of the earliest tropical waves,[4] coinciding with the start of the eastern Pacific hurricane season on May 15.[10]

Cooler waters near the Baja California peninsula are thought to prevent storms in the eastern Pacific from transitioning into an extratropical cyclone; as of 2009, only three storms listed in the database are known to have successfully completed an extratropical transition.[7]

Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

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1950s

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During the 1950s, there were three Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time.

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Unnamed 1957 October 21–22 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Dot† 1959 August 2–5 72 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 952 hPa (28.1 inHg) [6][11]
"Mexico" 1959 October 26–27 36 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 955 hPa (28.2 inHg) [6][12]

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.
  • As the Pacific hurricane database only goes back to 1949, the 1943 Mazatlán hurricane is not included, although it attained Category 4-equivalent winds at 136 mph (219 km/h). It is unknown if the winds observed were sustained.[6][13]
  • Storms that formed in the eastern or central Pacific but strengthened to reach Category 4 status in the western Pacific basin (west of 180° W) are not included.[14][15]

1970s

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During the 1970s, there were 18 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time.

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Denise 1971 July 9 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 951 hPa (28.1 inHg) [6]
Celeste 1972 August 14 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [6]
Doreen 1973 July 20 6 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 968 hPa (28.6 inHg) [6]
Emily 1973 July 23 6 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 972 hPa (28.7 inHg) [6]
Maggie 1974 August 28–29 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 934 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6]
Denise 1975 July 9 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Katrina 1975 September 3 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Annette 1976 June 8–11 54 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 925 hPa (27.3 inHg) [6]
Iva 1976 August 28 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Liza 1976 September 29 – October 1 42 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6]
Madeline 1976 October 7–8 12 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [6]
Carlotta‡ 1978 June 21–22 24 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Fico‡ 1978 July 11–16 72 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 955 hPa (28.2 inHg) [6]
Hector 1978 July 25 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Norman 1978 September 2–3 36 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Susan† 1978 October 21 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6][16]
Enrique 1979 August 22 18 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Ignacio 1979 October 27–28 18 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 938 hPa (27.7 inHg) [6]

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

1980s

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During the 1980s, there were 23 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time.

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Kay 1980 September 18 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Olivia 1982 September 21–22 30 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Barbara 1983 June 13–14 24 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Henriette 1983 July 30–31 18 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Kiko‡ 1983 September 2–4 66 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Raymond† ‡ 1983 October 11–15 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6][17]
Tico 1983 October 19 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Douglas 1984 June 28–30 48 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Elida 1984 July 1 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Iselle 1984 August 8–9 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Norbert‡ 1984 September 21–24 36 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Ignacio† 1985 July 23–24 24 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6][18]
Jimena 1985 July 24 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Rick** 1985 September 8–10 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Estelle* 1986 July 20–21 36 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6][19]
Javier‡ 1986 August 25 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) Unknown [6]
Roslyn 1986 October 18–20 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) Unknown [6]
Max 1987 September 12–14 42 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) Unknown [6]
Ramon 1987 October 9–10 36 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) Unknown [6]
Hector 1988 August 2–4 36 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][20]
Fabio† 1988 August 3 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][21][22]
Octave 1989 September 13 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][23]
Raymond 1989 September 30 – October 1 30 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][24]

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

1990s

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Hurricane Olivia, the most intense hurricane of the decade in terms of barometric pressure
 
Hurricane Pauline was one of the deadliest Pacific hurricanes to make landfall in Mexico.
 
Memorial in Acapulco to honor the victims from Pauline

During the 1990s, there were 34 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time. The most intense storms of the decade in terms of sustained winds were 1990's Hernan and Trudy with 155 mph (250 km/h). While the strongest hurricane in terms of barometric pressure was 1990's Trudy with 924 hPa (27.29 inHg).

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Hernan 1990 July 22–25 60 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 928 hPa (27.4 inHg) [6][25]
Marie† 1990 September 11 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 944 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][26][27]
Odile 1990 September 26–27 36 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][28]
Trudy‡ 1990 October 19–27 78 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 924 hPa (27.3 inHg) [6][29]
Jimena‡ 1991 September 23–26 48 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][30]
Kevin 1991 September 29 – October 2 72 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][31]
Celia 1992 June 27–28 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][32]
Estelle‡ 1992 July 12–14 30 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][33]
Frank 1992 July 17–19 36 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][34]
Orlene 1992 September 5–7 60 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 934 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][35]
Iniki† 1992 September 11–12 24 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 938 hPa (27.7 inHg) [6][36]
Tina 1992 September 29 – October 2 66 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg) [6][37]
Virgil 1992 October 3 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][38]
Dora 1993 July 16–17 24 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][39]
Fernanda 1993 August 11–13 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 934 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][40]
Keoni† 1993 August 16–17 24 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][41]
Greg 1993 August 19–20 30 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][42]
Jova 1993 September 1 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][43]
Kenneth 1993 September 10–12 36 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg) [6][44]
Lidia 1993 September 11 24 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 930 hPa (27 inHg) [6][45]
Lane 1994 September 6–7 18 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][46]
Olivia 1994 September 25–26 24 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 923 hPa (27.3 inHg) [6][47]
Adolph 1995 June 18 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][48]
Barbara‡ 1995 July 10–14 60 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [6][49]
Juliette 1995 September 20–21 24 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 930 hPa (27 inHg) [6][50]
Douglas** 1996 August 1–2 36 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 946 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][51]
Felicia 1997 July 19 18 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][52]
Jimena 1997 August 27–28 36 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][53]
Nora 1997 September 21 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 950 hPa (28 inHg) [6][54]
Pauline‡ 1997 October 7–8 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][55]
Blas 1998 June 25 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][56]
Estelle 1998 August 2 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][57]
Howard‡ 1998 August 23–26 60 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg) [6][58]
Dora 1999 August 10–13 72 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][59]

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

2000s

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Hurricane Juliette, the most intense Category 4 hurricane of the decade in terms of barometric pressure

During the 2000s, there were 14 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time. The most intense storms of the decade in terms of sustained winds were 2000's Carlotta and 2009's Jimena with 155 mph (250 km/h). While the strongest hurricane in terms of barometric pressure was 2001's Juliette with 923 hPa (27.26 inHg).

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Carlotta 2000 June 21–22 24 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg) [6][60]
Adolph 2001 May 28–29 30 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [6][61]
Juliette‡ 2001 September 24–26 42 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 923 hPa (27.3 inHg) [6][62]
Fausto 2002 August 24–25 24 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 936 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][63]
Ele 2002 August 29 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg)
Howard 2004 September 2–3 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][64]
Javier 2004 September 13–15 54 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 930 hPa (27 inHg) [6][65]
Kenneth 2005 September 18–19 18 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 947 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][66]
Daniel 2006 July 20–23 72 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 933 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][67]
John 2006 August 30 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 948 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][68]
Flossie 2007 August 11–13 60 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 949 hPa (28.0 inHg) [6][69]
Norbert 2008 October 8 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][70]
Felicia 2009 August 5–7 36 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) [6][71]
Jimena 2009 August 30 – September 1 60 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 931 hPa (27.5 inHg) [6][72]

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

2010s

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Hurricane Odile, the most intense Category 4 hurricane of the decade in terms of barometric pressure
 
Bv. Paseo de La Marina in Cabo San Lucas the morning following Hurricane Odile

During the 2010s, there were 37 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A dagger (†) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time. The most intense storms of the decade in terms of sustained winds were 2011's Dora, 2014's Amanda, 2015's Jimena, 2018's Hector, and 2019's Barbara at 155 mph (250 km/h), while the strongest hurricane in terms of barometric pressure was Odile with 918 hPa (27.11 inHg).

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Adrian 2011 June 10 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 944 hPa (27.9 inHg) [6][73]
Dora 2011 July 21–22 30 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 929 hPa (27.4 inHg) [6][74]
Eugene 2011 August 3–4 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 942 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][75]
Hilary‡ 2011 September 23–27 60 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 942 hPa (27.8 inHg) [6][76]
Kenneth 2011 November 22–23 18 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [6][77]
Emilia 2012 July 10 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [78]
Amanda 2014 May 25–26 36 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg)
Cristina 2014 June 12 18 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg)
Iselle 2014 August 4–5 18 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 947 hPa (28.0 inHg)
Odile 2014 September 14 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 918 hPa (27.1 inHg)
Simon 2014 October 4 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 946 hPa (27.9 inHg)
Andres 2015 June 1 24 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 937 hPa (27.7 inHg) [79][80][81]
Blanca‡ 2015 June 3–6 24 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 936 hPa (27.6 inHg) [82]
Dolores 2015 July 15 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 946 hPa (27.9 inHg) [83]
Hilda† 2015 August 8 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 946 hPa (27.9 inHg) [84]
Ignacio† 2015 August 29–30 24 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 942 hPa (27.8 inHg) [85]
Jimena 2015 August 29 – September 1 84 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 932 hPa (27.5 inHg)
Kilo‡ 2015 August 30–31 36 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg)
Olaf* 2015 October 19–21 42 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 938 hPa (27.7 inHg)
Sandra 2015 November 26 18 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 934 hPa (27.6 inHg) [86]
Blas 2016 July 6 6 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 947 hPa (28.0 inHg)
Georgette 2016 July 25 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 952 hPa (28.1 inHg)
Lester‡ 2016 August 29–31 36 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 944 hPa (27.9 inHg)
Madeline† 2016 August 30 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 950 hPa (28 inHg)
Seymour 2016 October 25–26 24 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg)
Fernanda‡ 2017 July 14–16 30 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 947 hPa (28.0 inHg)
Kenneth 2017 August 21 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 952 hPa (28.1 inHg)
Aletta 2018 June 8 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg)
Bud 2018 June 12 12 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg)
Hector‡* 2018 August 5–10 96 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 936 hPa (27.6 inHg)
Norman‡ 2018 August 30 – September 3 48 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 937 hPa (27.7 inHg)
Olivia 2018 September 7 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 951 hPa (28.1 inHg) [87]
Rosa 2018 September 28 18 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 936 hPa (27.6 inHg)
Sergio 2018 October 4 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 943 hPa (27.8 inHg)
Barbara 2019 July 2–4 42 hours 155 mph (250 km/h) 930 hPa (27 inHg)
Erick† 2019 July 30–31 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 952 hPa (28.1 inHg)
Kiko 2019 September 15 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 950 hPa (28 inHg)

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

2020s

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Hurricane Dora of 2023 is the strongest Category 4 Pacific hurricane of the decade so far by maximum sustained winds and tied with Hurricane Norma of 2023 as the most intense by minimum barometric pressure.

During the 2020s, there have been 14 Category 4 hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. A double dagger (‡) denotes that the storm temporarily weakened below Category 4 intensity during the specified period of time. In terms of barometric pressure, the most intense Category 4 Pacific hurricanes of the decade so far have been Hurricane Dora and Hurricane Norma of 2023, each with a minimum pressure of 939 hPa (27.73 inHg); by the metric of maximum sustained winds, the strongest Category 4 Pacific hurricane of the decade to date is Hurricane Dora of 2023, peaking with sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).

Storm
name 		Season Dates as a
Category 4 		Time as a
Category 4 		Peak one-minute
sustained winds 		Pressure Source(s)
Douglas* 2020 July 24 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 954 hPa (28.2 inHg) [88]
Genevieve 2020 August 18 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 950 hPa (28 inHg) [89]
Marie 2020 October 2–3 30 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [90]
Felicia 2021 July 16–18 48 hours 145 mph (230 km/h) 945 hPa (27.9 inHg) [91]
Linda 2021 August 14–15 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 953 hPa (28.1 inHg) [92]
Darby 2022 July 11–12 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 953 hPa (28.1 inHg) [93]
Orlene 2022 October 2 6 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 954 hPa (28.2 inHg) [94]
Roslyn 2022 October 22–23 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 954 hPa (28.2 inHg) [95]
Dora‡* 2023 August 3–10 132 hours 150 mph (240 km/h) 939 hPa (27.7 inHg) [96]
Fernanda 2023 August 14–15 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 949 hPa (28.0 inHg) [97]
Hilary‡ 2023 August 18–19 24 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 940 hPa (28 inHg) [98]
Lidia 2023 October 10–11 6 hours 140 mph (220 km/h) 942 hPa (27.8 inHg)
Norma 2023 October 19 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 939 hPa (27.7 inHg)
Gilma 2024 August 25 12 hours 130 mph (215 km/h) 949 hPa (28.0 inHg)

Notes:

  • † The storm noted formed or attained Category 4 status in the central Pacific basin but may have formed in the eastern Pacific basin
  • ‡ The storm noted attained Category 4 status more than once
  • * The storm noted was both a Category 4 in the eastern and central Pacific basins
  • ** The storm noted originated in the Atlantic basin, but later intensified into a Category 4 hurricane in the eastern Pacific basin
  • # Storms that attained Category 4 status at one point but intensified into Category 5 at a later time are not included.

Landfalls

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Landfalls by month[6]
Month Number of storms
June
2
August
3
September[nb 2]
10
October
18

Of the 143 Category 4 hurricanes that have formed in the eastern and central Pacific basins, 33 have made landfall. Of them, five made landfall at Category 4 intensity, four at Category 3, thirteen at Categories 2 and 1, ten as tropical storms, and eight as tropical depressions. Several of these storms weakened slightly after attaining Category 4 status as they approached land;[6][13] this is usually a result of dry air, shallower water due to shelving, cooler waters, or interaction with land.[99]

Name Year Category 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1 Tropical storm Tropical depression Source(s)
Unnamed 1957 Sinaloa state  —  —  —  —  — [6][100]
Dot 1959  —  —  — Kauaʻi  —  — [6]
"Mexico" 1959 Colima state  —  —  —  —  — [6][12]
Liza 1976  — Sonora state  —  —  —  — [6][100]
Madeline 1976 Guerrero state  —  —  —  —  — [6][100]
Ignacio 1979  —  —  —  —  — Michoacán state [6]
Raymond 1983  —  —  —  —  — Maui, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi [6][17]
Tico 1983  — Sinaloa state  —  —  —  — [6][100]
Norbert 1984  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state  — [6]
Roslyn 1986  —  —  — Sinaloa state  —  — [6][100]
Raymond 1989  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state
Sonora state 		 — [6][101]
Orlene 1992  —  —  —  —  — Big Island [6][35]
Iniki 1992 Kauaʻi  —  —  —  —  — [6][36]
Virgil 1992  —  — Michoacán state  —  —  — [6][38][100]
Lidia 1993  —  — Sinaloa state  —  —  — [6][45][100]
Nora 1997  —  —  — Baja California Sur state
Baja California state 		 —  — [6][54]
Pauline 1997  —  — Oaxaca state  —  —  — [6][55][100]
Juliette 2001  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state Sonora state [6][62]
Javier 2004  —  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state [6][65]
John 2006  —  — Baja California Sur state  —  —  — [6][68]
Norbert 2008  —  — Baja California Sur state Sonora state  —  — [6][70]
Jimena 2009  —  — Baja California Sur state  —  —  — [6][72]
Iselle 2014  —  —  —  — Big Island  —
Odile 2014  — Baja California Sur state  —  — Sonora state  —
Blanca 2015  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state  —
Bud 2018  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state  —
Olivia 2018  —  —  —  — Maui, Lānaʻi  — [102]
Rosa 2018  —  —  —  —  — Baja California state
Sergio 2018  —  —  —  — Baja California Sur state Sonora state
Orlene 2022  —  — Islas Marías Sinaloa state  —  —
Roslyn 2022  — Nayarit state  —  —  —  —
Hilary 2023  —  —  —  — Baja California state  —
Lidia 2023 Jalisco state  —  —  —  —  —
Norma 2023  —  —  — Baja California Sur state  — Sinaloa state
Note: If a storm makes landfall in the same Mexican state more than once, it is only listed for the most intense landfall.

See also

edit

Footnotes

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Notes
  1. ^ The Saffir–Simpson scale, devised in 1971, is used to categorize the intensity of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.[1]
  2. ^ Though Hurricane Juliette of 2001 made a second landfall in October, it did so after it re-generated. The landfall is included in the "September" total but not the "October" total.
General
  • Blake, Eric S.; Gibney, Ethan J.; Brown, Daniel P.; Mainelli, Michelle M.; Franklin, James L.; Kimberlain, Todd B.; Hammer, Gregory R. (June 2009). Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949–2006 (PDF). Historical Climatology Series. Vol. 6–5. Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-03-02. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
  • Longshore, David. (1998). Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones (1st ed.). Facts on File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-3398-6.
Specific
  1. ^ a b Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher W.; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; et al. (2010-08-25). "The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale" (PDF). United States: National Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-13. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
  2. ^ Landsea, Christopher W. (2006-04-21). "TCFAQ D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
  3. ^ "View Official Products". United States National Weather Service. United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
  4. ^ a b Longshore 1998, pp. 249–250
  5. ^ Landsea, Christopher W. "TCFAQ B5) What happens to the name of a tropical cyclone if it moves from the Atlantic regions to the Northeast Pacific, or vice versa?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. United States: Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt "HURDAT tracks for East Pacific 1949–2011". Hurricane Research Division. United States: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
  7. ^ a b Blake et al. 2009, p. 6
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  9. ^ Longshore 1998, p. 110
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