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Area	Change	Examples	Notes
Gallo-Romance	Unstressed final /e, i, o, u/ are lost. /a/ is kept. If an unpronounceable cluster appears, a supporting /e/ is added.		The final voiced obstruents became unvoiced during the late 12th c.
Catalan	V.L. /e/ becomes /ɘ/. Exceptions: /e/ remains: i) After /ʒ/ ii) Before /j/ iii) Before /n/ + palatal iv) Before n + velar. v) Between two patals.^[1]^[2]	pĭra > /'pera/ > pera* /pɘra/.^[1] But: gĭbbu > gep /'gep/ rēge > rei /'rej/ die domĭnĭcu > diumenge /diwˈmenʒə/, lĭngua > llengua /'ʎeŋɡwə/. lĭgna > llenya /'ʎeɲə/	In Eastern Catalan, /ɘ/ will be restored to /e/.^[2]
Catalan	V.L. /ɛ/ (from C.L. short e) becomes closed to /e/. Exception: /ɛ/ remains before some consonats.^[1]	těmpus > /'tɛmpos/ > temps* /'tem(p)s/. But: apĕrtu > /a'pɛrto/ > obert* /u'bɛrt/.^[1]
Catalan	Stressed vowels in contact with palatal become closed.^[1]	lacte > llet, pectu > pit, folia > fulla.^[1]

Period	Area	Change	Examples	Notes
late 12th c.	Catalan	Word-final voiced obstruents fruit of the loss of final unstressed vowels are devoiced.^[3]	commendātum > comanad > comanat
12th c.	Catalan	Word-initial /l/ is palatalized to /ʎ/^[4]	lupu > *lop > llop.^[1]	Words remain written with ⟨l⟩ until the 15th century.^[4]
13th c.	Eastern Catalan	Pretonic ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩ beguin to be confused in writing.^[5]^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Ferrater 1973, p. 633.
^ ^a ^b Moll 1973, p. 74, 76.
^ Rabella 1997, p. 22.
^ ^a ^b Moll 1993, p. 93.
^ Rasico, Phillip D. Entorn d'una llei fonètica catalana observada fa temps. p. 9.
^ Coromines, Joan. "Vides de Sants" rosselloneses (in Catalan). p. 295. A l'Edat Mitjana, les abundoses confusions ortogràfiques dels manuscrits demostren que el fet ja estava consumat des d'una data primerenca, pel que fa a la posicio pretònica; en final absoluta sovintegen menys les confusions de a amb e si bé no constitueixen una raresa; en síl·laba posttònica interna, i en la final quan segueix consonant, no es troben confusions abans del segle XV si no es en textos sospitosos i molt excepcionalment.

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