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Sukjong (2 September 1054 – 10 November 1105), personal name Wang Ong, was the 15th king of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.
| Sukjong 숙종 肅宗 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Goryeo | |||||||||
| Reign | 1095–1105 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1095 Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Heonjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Yejong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Born | Wang Hui 2 September 1054 Yeonhwa Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 10 November 1105 (aged 51) Outside Jangpyeong Gate, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Burial | Yeongneung (영릉; 英陵) | ||||||||
| Queen Consort | |||||||||
| Issue |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Wang | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Goryeo | ||||||||
| Father | Munjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Inye | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 숙종 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 肅宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Sukjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sukchong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 왕희, later 왕옹 |
| Hanja | 王熙, later 王顒 |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Hui, later Wang Ong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang Hŭi, later Wang Ong |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 천상 |
| Hanja | 天常 |
| Revised Romanization | Cheonsang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ch'ŏnsang |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 명효대왕 |
| Hanja | 明孝大王 |
| Revised Romanization | Myeonghyo Daewang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Myŏnghyo Taewang |
Sukjong rose to the throne in 1095 upon the abdication of his young nephew, King Heonjong.[1] He oversaw various internal innovations, including the distribution of the country's first brass coins (in 1102) and the construction of the new Southern Capital (Namgyeong, present-day Seoul).[2]
However, he was also faced by threats from without, most notably an 1104 invasion by the northern Jurchen tribes. Unable to repel the Jurchens by force, he sent his general Yun Kwan to raise an army and repulse them.[3] This army is known as Byeolmuban and consisted of three separate divisions. Sukjong died the following year, while on the way to the western capital, Pyongyang. Challenges of Sukjong's reign can be summarized in his own words:[4]
Since I was entrusted with the affairs of the state, I have always endeavoured to cautiously maintain diplomatic ties with Liao in the north and serve the Song in the south, while these days the Jurchen in the east have become enemies to be reckoned with. Making the people comfortable is the first imperative of military and political affairs, so all unnecessary corvée duties must be abolished in order for the people to live comfortably!
Family
edit- Father: Wang Hwi, Munjong of Goryeo (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083)
- Grandfather: Wang Sun, Hyeonjong of Goryeo (1 August 992 – 17 June 1031)
- Grandmother: Queen Wonhye, of the Ansan Kim clan(d. 31 July 1022)
- Mother: Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan(d. 5 October 1092)
- Grandfather: Yi Cha-yŏn (이차욘)
- Grandmother: Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주김씨)
- Consorts and their espective issue(s):
- Queen Myeongui of the Chŏngju Yu clan(d. 8 August 1112)
- Crown Prince Wang U (11 February 1079 – 15 May 1122), 1st son
- Wang Pil, Marquess Sangdang (왕필 상당후; d. 1099),[5] 2nd son
- Wang Jing-eom (왕징엄; 1090–1141),[6] 3rd son
- Wang Bo, Duke Daebang (왕보 대방공; d. 1128),[7] 4th son
- Wang Hyo, Duke Daewon (1093–1161), 5th son
- Wang Seo, Duke Jean (왕서 제안공; d. 1131),[8] 6th son
- Wang Gyo, Marquess Tongui (왕교 통의후; 1097–1119),[9] 7th son
- Princess Daeryeong (d. 1114), 1st daughter
- Princess Heungsu (d. 1123), 2nd daughter
- Princess Ansu, 3rd daughter
- Princess Boknyeong (1096–1133), 4th daughter
- Unknown
- Wang Hyeon-eung (왕현응),8th son
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ 박, 종기 (February 21, 2003). "[帝王들의 성공학] 고려 숙종…지지받지 못한 개혁". Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ 김, 세희 (April 13, 2023). [김세희의 정치사기] 고려 숙종의 남경천도와 정치권의 예타면제. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ Kim, Nak Jin (2017). "Goryeo's Conquest of the Jurchen and Tactical Systems of Byeolmuban during the Reign of Sukjong and Yejong". Kookmin University Institute of Korean Studies. 4. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- ^ R. E. Breuker, Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, (Brill, Leiden, 2010), p.252
- ^ "왕필(王泌)". Archived from the original on 2022-05-07.
- ^ 고려 중기의 승려 원명국사 징엄(澄儼)의 묘지 [The tomb of Wonmyeong Guksa Jingeom (澄儼), a monk from the mid-Goryeo period] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2023-04-06.
- ^ 고려전기 제15대 숙종의 아들인 왕자 [Prince, son of King Sukjong, the 15th king of Goryeo] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2023-04-04.
- ^ 고려전기 제15대 숙종의 아들인 왕자 [Prince, son of King Sukjong, the 15th king of Goryeo] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2023-04-06.
- ^ 왕교 (王僑). Archived from the original on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
- 숙종 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.