Munjong (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.
| Munjong 문종 文宗 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Goryeo | |||||||||
| Reign | 1046–1083 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1046 Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Jeongjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Sunjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Born | Wang Hwi 29 December 1019 Anbok Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 2 September 1083 (aged 63) Junggwang Hall, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Burial | Gyeongneung (경릉; 景陵) | ||||||||
| Queen Consort | Queen Inpyeong | ||||||||
| Consort | Princess Suryeong | ||||||||
| Issue |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Wang | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Goryeo | ||||||||
| Father | Hyeonjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Wonhye | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 문종 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 文宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Munjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Munjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 왕휘 |
| Hanja | 王徽 |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Hwi |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang Hwi |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 촉유 |
| Hanja | 燭幽 |
| Revised Romanization | Chogyu |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ch'ogyu |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 인효대왕 |
| Hanja | 仁孝大王 |
| Revised Romanization | Inhyo Daewang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Inhyo Taewang |
King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords.[1] Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.[1]
Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement.[2] Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.[2]
Family
edit- Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo
- Mother: Queen Wonhye
- Consorts and their Respective issue(s):
- Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue.
- Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092)
- Crown Prince Wang Hun
- Wang Un, Marquis Gukwon
- Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim
- Wang Hu
- Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공)[3][4]
- Wang Taeng
- Wang Bi, Marquess Geumgwan (왕비 금관후)[5]
- Wang Eum, Marquess Byeonhan (왕음 변한후)[6][7]
- Wang Chim, Marquess Nakrang (왕침 낙랑후)
- Wang Gyeong (왕경)
- Princess Jeokgyeong (적경궁주)
- Princess Boryeong
- Unborn daughter[8]
- Unborn daughter[8]
- Worthy Consort Ingyeong of the Incheon Yi clan
- Worthy Consort Injeol of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1082)
- Virtuous Consort Inmok of the Gyeongju Kim clan (d. 1094)
- Unnamed daughter, died early[8]
References
edit- ^ a b 박, 기현 (November 5, 2022). [성공한 군주들로부터 배우는 역사의 교훈 '제왕의 리더십'] (10) 고려 문종, 균형 잡힌 외교감각으로 통합의 리더십 보여주다. Baccro News. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ a b Lee, Kyung Lock (December 19, 2015). "History of the medical licensing examination (uieop) in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professionals. 12: 19. doi:10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.19. PMC 4536363. PMID 26008917.
- ^ 상안공 (常安公). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
- ^ Unknown[permanent dead link]
- ^ 금관후. Doopedia.
- ^ 변한후 (卞韓侯). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-07-08.
- ^ Unknown[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e 문종 소생 공주. Goryeosa (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.
- Eckert, Lee, Lew, Robinson and Wagner, Korea Old and New: A History, Harvard University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9627713-0-9