The Río Cachirí Group (Spanish: Grupo Río Cachirí, PZc) is a geological group of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin, Colombia and the Serranía del Perijá of the northernmost Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. The group of shales, sandstones and limestones is of Devonian age and has a maximum thickness in the Venezuelan section of 2,438 metres (7,999 ft). The group contains abundant fauna; crinoids, bryozoa, brachiopods and molluscs have been found in the group.
| Río Cachirí Group | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Devonian | |
| Type | Geological group |
| Unit of | Cesar-Ranchería Basin, Serranía del Perijá |
| Sub-units | Caño Grande Fm., Caño del Oeste Fm., Campo Chico Fm., Los Guineos Fm. |
| Underlies | Carboniferous sequence |
| Overlies | Perijá Formation |
| Thickness | ~1,100 m (3,600 ft) (Colombia) 2,438 m (7,999 ft) (Venezuela) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale, sandstone |
| Other | Limestone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 10°50′03″N 72°14′23″W / 10.83417°N 72.23972°W |
| Region | Cesar, La Guajira Zulia |
| Country |  Colombia Venezuela |
| Extent | ~110 km (68 mi) (Venezuela) |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Río Cachirí |
| Named by | Liddle |
| Location | Mara |
| Year defined | 1928 |
| Coordinates | 10°50′03″N 72°14′23″W / 10.83417°N 72.23972°W |
| Region | Zulia |
| Country | Venezuela |
| Thickness at type section | 2,438 m (7,999 ft) |
 Paleogeography of the Middle Devonian 380 Ma, by Stampfli & Borel | |
Etymology and definition
editThe formation was defined by Liddle in 1928 in Río Cachirí, part of Mara, Zulia, in the Venezuelan part of the Serranía del Perijá, and the same author subdivided the group into three formations in 1943. In 1972, Bowen added a fourth formation to the group.[1]
Description
editLithologies
editThe group contains black, grey and red shales, grey micaceous sandstones, quartzitic sandstones and red and bluish grey limestones.[1]
Stratigraphy and correlation
editThe Río Cachirí Group, dated to span the Devonian, is subdivided into the Caño Grande, Caño del Oeste, Campo Chico and Los Guineos Formations. The maximum thickness has been recorded in Venezuela, with 2,438 metres (7,999 ft), while the thickness on the Colombian side of the range does not exceed 1,100 metres (3,600 ft).[1] The group is recognised along a section of approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) in the Venezuelan terrain.[2] The group unconformably overlies the Perijá Formation and is overlain by an unnamed Carboniferous sequence. The Río Cachirí Group is time-equivalent with the Floresta and Cuche Formations of the Floresta Massif, Altiplano Cundiboyacense and the Quetame Group of the Eastern Ranges.[3] The sediments of the Río Cachirí Group were deposited in an epicontinental sea at the edge of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.[1]
Fossil content
editThe group contains abundant fossils of crinoids, bryozoa, brachiopods and molluscs as Acrospirifer olssoni, Spirifer kingi, Leptaena boyaca, Fenestella venezuelansis, Neospirifer latus, Composita subtilita, Phricodrotis planoconvexa and Pecten sp.[4]
Outcrops
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Apart from its type locality on the eastern flank of the Serranía del Perijá in Zulia, Venezuela, the formation is also found in other parts of the mountain range, on the Colombian western side in the east of San Diego and Curumaní, Cesar.[5][6]
Regional correlations
edit
- Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]
See also
edit
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Ayala, 2009, p.20
- ^ Hernández Ferrer, 2011, p.47
- ^ Ayala, 2009, p.21
- ^ García González et al., 2007, p.68
- ^ Plancha 34, 2007
- ^ Plancha 48, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
- ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
- ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
- ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
- ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
- ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
- ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
- ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
- ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
- ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
- ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
- ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
- ^ García González et al., 2009
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60
Bibliography
edit- Ayala Calvo, Rosa Carolina (2009), Análisis tectonoestratigráfico y de procedencia en la Subcuenca de Cesar: Relación con los sistemas petroleros (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–255, retrieved 2017-06-14
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Hernández Ferrer, Mauricio Esteban (2011), Actualización de la geología de superficie en la Sierra de Perijá mediante la utilización de imágenes satelitales (PDF), Simón Bolívar University, pp. 1–125, retrieved 2017-08-03
Maps
edit- Colmenares, Fabio; Mesa, Milena; Roncancio, Jairo; Arciniegas, Edgar; Pedraza, Pablo; Cardona, Agustín; Silva, César; Romero, Jhoamna; Alvarado and Oscar Romero, Felipe Vargas, Carlos Santamaría, Sonia (2007), Plancha 34 - Agustín Codazzi - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-14
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Hernández, Marina; Clavijo, Jairo (2008), Plancha 48 - La Jagua de Ibirico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-14