Mirza Aziz Koka ( c. 1542 – c. 1624), also known as Kokaltash and by his sobriquet Khan-i-Azam (The Greatest Khan), was the foster brother of Akbar, who remained one of the leading nobles at the courts of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahangir.[1] He was also the Subahdar, governor of the Subah (province) of Gujarat.[2]
Kokaltash Mirza Aziz Koka Khan-i-Azam | |
|---|---|
 Miniature painting, c. 1610-1620 | |
| 4th Subahdar of Bengal | |
| In office 1582–1583 | |
| Monarch | Akbar |
| Preceded by | Ismail Quli |
| Succeeded by | Mir Jumla I |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1542 |
| Died | 1624 (aged 81–82) Agra Fort, Agra, Mughal Empire, |
| Resting place | Chausath Khamba, Delhi |
| Children | 1 |
| Parent(s) | Ataga Khan (father) Jiji Anga (mother) |
Biography
editEarly life
editHe was the son of Shams ud-Din Ataga Khan, the Prime Minister of Akbar, and Akbar's wet-nurse, Jiji Anga, hence his Turkish sobriquet "Koka" or "foster-brother".[3][4] Ataga Khan was murdered by Adham Khan, the jealous son of Maham Anga, another of Akbar's wet-nurses, in 1562. Thereafter, Aziz Koka built his father's tomb next to Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi in 1566–67. Adham Khan, on the other hand, was executed on the orders of Akbar.[5]
After Akbar conquered Gujarat, he made Aziz Koka the governor of the new province. In 1573, the Gujaratis rebelled and besieged Aziz Koka in Ahmedabad. But he defended the city until Akbar's army came to his relief. In 1579, he was made governor of Bihar and ordered to quell a rebellion in Bengal. However, he did not take action until the next year, when the rebels began to take Bihar as well. He was similarly reluctant when ordered to conquests in the Deccan in 1586.[citation needed]
Akbar was very lenient to Aziz Koka, his foster-brother and childhood playmate. Nevertheless, Aziz Koka did not obey Akbar, his emperor, readily. He was especially opposed to Akbar's law to brand all horses, and could not accept prostration in Akbar's new court ritual. When Aziz Koka was summoned to court in 1592, he went on pilgrimage to Mecca instead. There he spent much money on pious causes for a year and a half, until Akbar forgave him, and restored him in his positions.[6]
Later life
editDuring the rule of Jahangir, however, he lost many positions, as he along with Raja Man Singh I supported the rebellion of the eldest son of Prince Salim, Khusrau Mirza, who was Akbar's choice for his successor and had his rank raised above his father Salim by Akbar. Khusrau's rebellion was crushed in 1606. He was first blinded and then imprisoned. Jahangir in retaliation took away much of their powers, and chided them in the Jahangirnama. Aziz Koka was so much devoted to the cause of Khusrau that he is recorded to have repeatedly declared:
"I am willing that they(the fate) should convey the good news of his(Khusrau's) sovereignty to my right ear and should seize my soul from my left ear."[7]
Later in life, Mirza Aziz Koka regained his position, but his clan could never regain the royal patronage, as they enjoyed during his father's lifetime.[8]
One of his daughter was married to the Khusrau Mirza. Another of his daughter, Habiba Banu Begum was married to the fourth son of Akbar, Mughal prince Sultan Murad Mirza in 1587; and had two sons, Rustam Mirza (b. 1588) and Alam Mirza (b. 1590).[citation needed]
He built his tomb, Chausath Khamba, literally 64 pillars, during 1623–24, near the Nizamuddin Dargah shrine complex in Delhi.[9]
Notes
edit- ^ Lefèvre, Corinne. "ʿAzīz Koka, Mirzā ." Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Edited by: Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 14 August 2013.
- ^ Kumkum Chatterjee; Clement Hawes (2008). Europe Observed: Multiple Gazes in Early Modern Encounters. Associated University Presse. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-8387-5694-2. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Harbans Mukhia (2004). The Mughals of India. Wiley India Pvt. Limited. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-81-265-1877-7. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Burton-Page, J.. "Mīrzā ʿAzīz “Kōka”." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 16 August 2013.
- ^ Catherine B. Asher (24 September 1992). Architecture of Mughal India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-0-521-26728-1. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ Nawwāb Ṣamṣāmuddaula Shāh Nawāz Khān and ‘Abdul Ḥayy: The Maāthir ul-Umarā, translated into English by H. Beveridge, revised, annotated and completed by Baini Prashad, Kolkata: Asiatic Society, 1941, rep. 2003, p. 319-334.
- ^ Khan, Mutamad (1969). Iqbalnama-I-Jahangiri.
- ^ Faruqui, p. 227
- ^ "Mirza 'Aziz Kotaltash Tomb". ArchNet Digital Library. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
Bibliography
edit- Munis D. Faruqui (27 August 2012). The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02217-1. Retrieved 15 August 2013.