Joseph Manuel María Joaquin Micheltorena y Llano (8 June 1804 – 7 September 1853)[3] was a brigadier general and adjutant-general of the Mexican Army, governor of California, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Las Californias, then within Mexico.[4] Micheltorena was the last non-Californian born Mexican governor, preceding the San Gabriel–born Pío Pico, the last provincial governor.
Manuel Micheltorena | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 9th Governor of California | |
| In office 31 December 1842 – 22 February 1845 | |
| Appointed by | Antonio López de Santa Anna |
| Preceded by | Juan Bautista Alvarado |
| Succeeded by | Pío Pico |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 June 1804[1] Oaxaca, New Spain[1] |
| Died | 7 September 1853 (aged 49) Mexico City, Mexico |
| Profession | Politician, soldier |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Mexico |
| Branch/service | .gif){kind=small} Mexican infantry |
| Rank |  General |
| Battles/wars | Second Battle of Cahuenga Pass • Battle of Providencia Mexican-American War • Battle of Buena Vista |
Personal life
editMicheltorena was born in 1804 in Oaxaca City, Mexico, into a prominent Basque family.[5] His parents were Army Captain Joseph Eusebio Micheltorena (who in 1819 was included among a list of notable foreigners in Mexico),[6] and Catarina Gertrudis Llano. He was baptized at five days old at Oaxaca Cathedral. His grandparents were Joseph de Micheltorena (Mitxeltorena) and María Encarnación de Herrera (paternal), and Joseph Augustín de Llano and María Romero (maternal).[1]
Career
editMicheltorena was appointed governor of California by Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna, the territory's 9th, and served from 30 December 1842 until his ouster in 1845.
Micheltorena continued previous governors' policy of large land grants ("ranchos"), making 115 land grants in 1843 and 1844. He faced criticism, opposition, and eventually rebellion by the Californios who wanted local-born governors.
Micheltorena brought with him from Mexico a group of soldiers that included criminals, and who were derisively referred to by some as cholos,[7] to enforce his policies. Micheltorena was defeated at the 1845 Battle of Providencia, left California, and was succeeded by Pío Pico as governor.
Micheltorena served as Brigadier-General, Chief of Staff to Antonio López de Santa Anna's Army of the North in the Mexican–American War in 1847. Micheltorena handled artillery at the Battle of La Angostura.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Mexico, Select Baptisms, 1560-1950
- ^ Robles, Graciela Alessio; Oliver, Angélica; Cortez, Ana María (1984). Catálogo del Fondo Vito Alessio Robles (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 43. ISBN 9789685803830. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
...y general de brigada José Manuel Micheltorena y Llano...
- ^ "José Manuel Micheltorena". Omnibiography. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ Manuel Micheltorena (22 December 1842). "Translation Of Sutter General Land Title". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
- ^ Douglass, William A.; Bilbao, Jon (2005). Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World. University of Nevada Press. p. 196. ISBN 9780874176254. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, Mariano José (1819). Calendario manual y guia de forasteros en Méjico para el año de 1820, bisiesto (in Spanish). p. 170. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ Hubert Howe Bancroft (1886). History of California: 1840-1845. History Company. p. 363. ISBN 9781404750043.
Further reading
edit- Irvine, Leigh H. (1905). "vol. I, chap. III". A History Of The New California - Its Resources And People. New York: The Lewis Publishing Company. OCLC 35952214. Retrieved 2007-01-04.