List of female scientists in the 20th century

This is a historical list dealing with women scientists in the 20th century. During this time period, women working in scientific fields were rare. Women at this time faced barriers in higher education and often denied access to scientific institutions; in the Western world, the first-wave feminist movement began to break down many of these barriers.

Marie Curie, 1867–1934, two time Nobel Laureate

Anthropology

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Margaret Mead

Archaeology

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Birgit Arrhenius

Astronomy

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Biology

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Barbara McClintock

Chemistry

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Alice Ball

Geology

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Inge Lehmann in 1932

Mathematics or computer science

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Grace Hopper, computer scientist

Science education

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Mexican civil engineer, Concepción Mendizábal Mendoza (1893–1985)

Engineering

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Medicine

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Meteorology

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Paleoanthropology

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Physics

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Maria Goeppert-Mayer
  • Esther Conwell (1922–2014), American physicist, semiconductors[19]
  • Jane Dewey (1900–1979), American physicist
  • Cécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–2017), French mathematician and physicist[20]
  • Louise Dolan (born 1950), American mathematical physicist, theoretical particle physics and superstring theory
  • Nancy M. Dowdy (born 1938), American nuclear physicist, arms control[21]
  • Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017), American physicist, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics[22]
 
Emmy Noether
  • Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011), American medical physicist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 for radioimmunoassay)
  • Fumiko Yonezawa (1938–2019), Japanese theoretical physicist
  • Toshiko Yuasa (1909–1980), Japanese nuclear physicist

Psychology

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Janine Connes". CWP.
  2. ^ "Sandra Faber". CWP.
  3. ^ "Vera Rubin". Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. CWP.
  4. ^ a b c Rayner-Canham & Rayner-Canham 2001
  5. ^ "Ellen Gleditsch". CWP.
  6. ^ "Mary L. Cartwright". Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. CWP.
  7. ^ Kenschaft, Patricia C. (2005). Change Is Possible: Stories of Women And Minorities in Mathematics. American Mathematical Society. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8218-3748-1. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Fay Ajzenberg-Selove". CWP.
  9. ^ "Milla Baldo-Ceolin". CWP.
  10. ^ "Katharine Blodgett". CWP.
  11. ^ "Christiane Bonnelle". CWP.
  12. ^ "Jenny Rosenthal Bramley". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  13. ^ "Jennry Rosenthal Bramley". CWP.
  14. ^ "Nina Byers". Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. CWP.
  15. ^ "Yvette Cauchois". CWP.
  16. ^ "Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat". CWP.
  17. ^ 오, 정연 (6 February 2013). "기초과학지원연구원장에 정광화 충남대 대학원장" [Chung Kwang-Hwa, President of the Graduate School of Chungnam National University]. Daejon Ilbo (in Korean). Daejeon. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  18. ^ "Patricia Cladis". CWP.
  19. ^ "Esther Conwell". CWP.
  20. ^ "Cécile DeWitt-Morette". CWP.
  21. ^ "Nancy M. Dowdy". CWP.
  22. ^ "Mildred Dresselhaus". CWP.
  23. ^ "Helen T. Edwards". Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. CWP.
  24. ^ "Magda Ericson". CWP.
  25. ^ "Rosslyn Shanks". iwonderweather. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  26. ^ Joan Feynman CWP.
  27. ^ "Judy Franz". CWP.
  28. ^ "Phyllis S. Freier". CWP.
  29. ^ "Mary K. Gaillard". Archived from the original on 18 September 2004. Retrieved 1 December 2015. CWP.
  30. ^ "Fanny Gates". CWP.
  31. ^ "Maria Goeppert-Mayer". CWP.
  32. ^ "Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber". CWP.
  33. ^ "Sulamith Goldhaber". CWP.
  34. ^ "Gail Hanson". CWP.
  35. ^ "Evans Hayward". CWP.
  36. ^ "Caroline Herzenberg". CWP.
  37. ^ "Shirley Jackson (physicist)". CWP.
  38. ^ "Bertha Swirls Jeffreys". CWP.
  39. ^ "Renata Kallosh". Archived from the original on 25 September 2004. CWP.
  40. ^ "Berta Karlik". CWP.
  41. ^ "Bruria Kaufman". Archived from the original on 25 September 2004. Retrieved 1 December 2015. CWP.
  42. ^ "Marcia Keith". CWP.
  43. ^ "Margaret Kivelson". Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2015. CWP.
  44. ^ "Noemie Benczer Koller". CWP.
  45. ^ "Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf". CWP.
  46. ^ "Elizabeth Laird". CWP.
  47. ^ "Juliet Lee-Franzini". Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. CWP.
  48. ^ "Inge Lehmann". Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. CWP.
  49. ^ "Kathleen Lonsdale". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. CWP.
  50. ^ "Margaret Eliza Maltby". CWP.
  51. ^ Desanka Trbuhovic-Gjuric (1988). Im Schatten Albert Einsteins: Das tragische Leben der Mileva Einstein-Maric. Verlag Paul Haupt Bern und Stuttgart. ISBN 3258039739.
  52. ^ "Helen Megaw". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. CWP.
  53. ^ "Kirstine Meyer". CWP.
  54. ^ "Luise Meyer-Schutzmeister". CWP.
  55. ^ "Marcia Neugebauer". Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2015. CWP.
  56. ^ "Gertrude Neumark". CWP.
  57. ^ "Ida Tacke Noddack". Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. CWP.
  58. ^ "Marguerite Perey". CWP.
  59. ^ "Melba Phillips". CWP.
  60. ^ "Agnes Pockels". CWP.
  61. ^ "P. Ya. Polubarinova-Kochina". CWP.
  62. ^ "Edith Quimby". CWP.
  63. ^ "Helen Quinn". Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. CWP.
  64. ^ "Myriam Sarachik". CWP.
  65. ^ "Bice Sechi-Zorn". CWP.
  66. ^ "Hertha Sponer". CWP.
  67. ^ "Isabelle Stone". CWP.
  68. ^ "История Кристаллографии Лаборатория Кристаллооптики Института Кристаллографии Ран" [History of the Crystallography Laboratory Of Crystal-optics of the Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Кристаллография (Crystallography) (in Russian). 55 (6). Moscow, Russia: Издательство МАИК: 1146–1152. 2010. ISSN 0023-4761. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  69. ^ "Akademik Asociuar Afërdita Veveçka" [Academic associate Afërdita Veveçka]. akad.gov.al (in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Academy of Sciences of Albania. 2017. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  70. ^ "Katharine Way". CWP.
  71. ^ "Sau Lan Wu". CWP.
  72. ^ "Xide Xie". CWP.
  73. ^ Kemp, Hendrika Vande (2001). "Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959)". The Feminist Psychologist. 28 (1). Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  74. ^ Duke, Carla; Fried, Stephen; Pliley, Wilma; Walker, Daley (August 1989). "Contributions to the history of psychology LIX: Rosalie Rayner Watson: The mother of a behaviorist's sons". Psychological Reports. 65 (1): 163–169. doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.163. S2CID 143025191.
  75. ^ Golomb, Claire (February–March 2012). "Marianne L. Simmel (1923-2010)". American Psychologist. 67 (2): 162. doi:10.1037/a0026289.
  76. ^ Brown, A. M.; Lindsey, D. T. (2013). "Infant color vision and color preferences: A tribute to Davida Teller". Visual Neuroscience. 30 (5–6): 1–8. doi:10.1017/S0952523813000114. PMID 23879986. S2CID 29718506.
  77. ^ "Davida Y. "Vida" Teller, Ph.D". The Seattle Times. Seattle, WA. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2013.

References

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