Wikipedia

Magda Ericson

Magda Galula Ericson (born 1929[1][2]) is a French-Algerian physicist of Tunisian origin. Her experimental pioneering PhD work changed the understanding of critical phenomena near the Curie point[3] and later in her career she has become known for her theoretical development of the Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz correction.

Magda Galula Ericson
Portrait of Magda Ericson, CERN, Department of Theoretical Physics
BornDecember 18, 1929 (1929-12-18) (age 94)
Tunis, Tunisia
Alma materSorbonne
Known forEricson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz correction
SpouseTorleif Ericson
AwardsPalmes Académiques 1978
Gay-Lussac-Humboldt-Prize 1992
Knight of the Legion of Honour 2015
Fulbright scholarship 1960
Scientific career
FieldsCondensed matter physics
Particle physics
Nuclear physics
InstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
University of Lyon
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Thesis Étude des fluctuations d'aimantation dans le fer au voisinage de la température de Curie par diffusion des neutrons

Contributions

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Magda Ericson's thesis on the temperature dependence of slow neutron scattering on iron is an important pioneering experimental study of critical phenomena near the Curie point.[3] Ericson is also known for her theoretical contributions to nuclear pion physics, which is a subfield of nuclear physics. She and her husband, Torleif Ericson, discovered the Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz (EELL) effect of the pion-nuclear optical model, which has implications for electromagnetic and weak interactions in nuclei.[4][3][5] She is also one of the leading researchers on the interpretation of the EMC effect.[6] Magda Ericson's contributions are largely responsible for the development of nuclear pion physics as a subfield of nuclear physics and a large number of papers are based on her work.[3][7] Ericson continues her research to this day.[8][9]

Education and early career

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Although born in Tunisia, she graduated in 1947 from high-school in Algiers, at that time part of France. Following this she attended preparatory scientific university level classes at Lycée Bugeaud, later called Lycée Émir-Abdelkader, from 1947 to 1949.[10][11] Placed first in a national entrance competition, she entered the École normale supérieure de Sèvres in Paris.[12] In 1953 she is placed first, in the French national competition for physical sciences (Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire).[13]

From 1953 to 1959 she was research associate (attachée de recherche) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Saclay center of the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, working mainly on slow neutron scattering and magnetism. She also prepared her PhD  thesis in experimental physics, which she defended at Sorbonne University in 1958.[14] As stated by J. Friedel “The agreement (of the van Hove model[15][16]) with Ericson's measurements was good enough for them (the later Nobelprize winner de Gennes and Ericson) both to present their theses in quick succession".[17] Ericson's pioneering results demonstrate the power of slow neutron scattering for investigating condensed matter.

In spite of these achievements, her temporary position with CNRS was not renewed in 1959. For health reasons she abandoned experiments in favor of theoretical research, first in plasma physics. She received a Fulbright scholarship and spent one year at MIT as a postdoctoral researcher in the plasma physics group of Sanborn C. Brown. During this period she found the explanation of an unexpectedly observed plasma constriction.[18]

Career and later research

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After her return to France, she obtained a position as a lecturer at the University of Lyon. In 1967 she is promoted to professor in the same place, a position she kept until her formal retirement in 1995.[3][19] She continues her research, and publishes actively, to this day (2022),[20] as professor emeritus. Concurrently, her research is pursued at CERN as part-time unpaid visiting scientific associate—a status she has held since 1963.[21][22]

Back in Europe, she abandoned a career in experimental physics turning to theoretical physics in the just emerging sub-field in the intersection of nuclear and particle physics, in particular concerning the role of the pion in a nuclear context.[23] This was a fortunate decision since it turned out later that her new field of pion-nuclear physics has various useful analogies to her previous field in condensed matter. A major example is the Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz effect for low energy pions, which she examined in detail with Torleif Ericson in a basic paper in 1966, an article that over time has been widely cited.[4][24] Following the developments of pion low energy theorems, and PCAC in elementary particle physics, she applied in 1969 these techniques to the pion-nucleus threshold interactions, where the finite size of the nucleus presented a conceptual hurdle.[25][26][27] This made her study this phenomenon in a wider perspective. She found that the low energy pion-nuclear equations have a nearly exact counterpart in Maxwell equations for a polarized medium.[28] This leads in particular to an understanding of how a basic property of the free neutron beta decay is modified in the nuclear environment by a pion effect,[29][30][31][32][33] and the explanation of the characteristic quenching effects observed in the low-energy Gamow–Teller transitions.[31]

Ericson drew, in the early eighties, attention to the role of pionic physics as one of the origins of the EMC effect.[6]

More recently her research concerns neutrino-nuclear interactions at higher energy, the understanding of which is essential for particle physics research. She has given the explanation of the so-called ‘axial anomaly’.[34]

Ericson's active career spans over seven decades.[8]

Private life

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She is married, since 1957, to Torleif Ericson, a Swedish nuclear physicist who is active at CERN since 1960. Together they have two adult children. The Ericsons reside in Geneva, Switzerland.[35]

Ericson is the aunt of the French mathematician Jean-Michel Bismut. Her cousin David Galula was a prominent military theorist.[36]

Awards and honors

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References

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  1. ^ "Galula-Ericson, Magda (1929- )". VIAF.
  2. ^ "Marquis Biographies Online". search.marquiswhoswho.com. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Contributions of 20th century women to physics: Magda Galula Ericson". CWP at UCLA. April 30, 1997. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Ericson, Magda; Ericson, Torleif (February 18, 1966). "Optical properties of low-energy pions in nuclei" (PDF). Annals of Physics. 36 (3): 323–362. Bibcode:1966AnPhy..36..323E. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(66)90302-2.
  5. ^ Krige, J. (1996). "Physics in the CERN Theory Division: CERN, the centre of Europe". History of CERN, III. Elsevier. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-08-053403-9.
  6. ^ a b Ericson, M.; Thomas, A. W. (1983-08-18). "Pionic corrections and the EMC enhancement of the sea in iron". Physics Letters B. 128 (1): 112–116. Bibcode:1983PhLB..128..112E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90085-0. ISSN 0370-2693.
  7. ^ "Magda Ericson: list of publications sorted by number of citations as recorded by Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  8. ^ a b "Magda Ericson: list of publications indexed by Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  9. ^ "Faces and places: CERN lays on birthday treat for the Ericsons". CERN Courier. 50 (10): 41. December 2010.
  10. ^ "Journal officiel de la République française. Lois et décrets". Gallica. 1949-07-09. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  11. ^ "Journal officiel de la République française. Lois et décrets". Gallica. 1949-08-01. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  12. ^ "L'annuaire | a-Ulm". www.archicubes.ens.fr. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
  13. ^ "Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire. Répertoire 1809-1960 | Ressources numériques en histoire de l'éducation". rhe.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
  14. ^ M., Ericson-Galula (1958). "Étude des fluctuations d'aimantation dans le fer au voisinage de la température de Curie par diffusion des neutrons" [Study by neutron diffusion of magnetic fluctuations in iron in the Curie temperature region]. Cea-R-1189 (in French).
  15. ^ Van Hove, Léon (1954-07-01). "Correlations in Space and Time and Born Approximation Scattering in Systems of Interacting Particles". Physical Review. 95 (1): 249–262. Bibcode:1954PhRv...95..249V. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.249. ISSN 0031-899X.
  16. ^ Van Hove, Léon (1954-09-15). "Time-Dependent Correlations between Spins and Neutron Scattering in Ferromagnetic Crystals". Physical Review. 95 (6): 1374–1384. Bibcode:1954PhRv...95.1374V. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.1374. ISSN 0031-899X.
  17. ^ Brochard-wyart, Francoise; Prost, Jacques; Bok, Julien (2009-07-29). P.g. De Gennes' Impact On Science - Volume I: Solid State And Liquid Crystals. World Scientific. p. 3. ISBN 978-981-4467-75-9.
  18. ^ Ericson, Magda; Ward, C. Seabury; Brown, Sanborn C.; Buchsbaum, S. J. (1962). "Containment of Plasmas by High-Frequency Electric Fields". Journal of Applied Physics. 33 (8): 2429–2434. Bibcode:1962JAP....33.2429E. doi:10.1063/1.1728986. ISSN 0021-8979.
  19. ^ "Journal officiel de la Republique française". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. 29 March 1995. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  20. ^ Martini, M.; Ericson, M.; Chanfray, G. (2022-07-26). "Investigation of the MicroBooNE neutrino cross sections on argon". Physical Review C. 106 (1): 015503. arXiv:2202.08094. Bibcode:2022PhRvC.106a5503M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.015503. ISSN 2469-9985. S2CID 246866981.
  21. ^ Seghal, Rashme. "Discovering the universe, one particle at a time". Rediff. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  22. ^ "People | Department of Theoretical Physics". theory.cern. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  23. ^ Ericson, Torleif Eric Oskar, ed. (1963). 1963 International Conference on High-energy Physics and Nuclear Structure: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 25 Feb - 1 Mar 1963. CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings. Geneva: CERN.
  24. ^ "Citation plot for the article as recorded by Inspire-HEP". inspirehep.net. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  25. ^ Ericson, Torleif; Weise, Wolfram (1988). "Chapter 9: Chiral symmetry and soft pions". Pions and Nuclei. Clarendon Press. pp. 369 (see "Notes and further reading", no. 8). ISBN 978-0-19-852008-5.
  26. ^ Iliopoulos, John (1996-01-01), Krige, John (ed.), Chapter 8 - Physics in the CERN Theory Division, History of CERN, vol. 3, North-Holland, p. 307, doi:10.1016/s1874-589x(96)80050-x, ISBN 9780444896551, retrieved 2022-11-04
  27. ^ Ericson, M.; Figureau, A.; Molinari, A. (1969-05-01). "From soft to real pions in nuclei and extended systems". Nuclear Physics B. 10 (3): 501–515. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..501E. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90037-6. ISSN 0550-3213.
  28. ^ Ericson, Torleif; Weise, Wolfram (1988). "Chapter 9: Chiral symmetry and soft pions". Pions and Nuclei. Clarendon Press. pp. 369 (see "Notes and further reading", no. 9). ISBN 978-0-19-852008-5.
  29. ^ Ericson, M.; Figureau, A.; Thévenet, C. (1973-06-25). "Pionic field and renormalization of the axial coupling constant in nuclei". Physics Letters B. 45 (1): 19–22. Bibcode:1973PhLB...45...19E. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(73)90242-6. ISSN 0370-2693.
  30. ^ Delorme, J; Ericson, M; Figureau, A; Thévenet, C (1976-11-01). "Axial polarizability and weak currents in nuclei". Annals of Physics. 102 (1): 273–322. Bibcode:1976AnPhy.102..273D. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(76)90264-5. ISSN 0003-4916.
  31. ^ a b Ericson, Torleif; Weise, Wolfram (1988). "Chapter 10: Spin-isospin excitations". Pions and Nuclei. Clarendon Press. pp. 401 (see "Notes and further reading", no. 8). ISBN 978-0-19-852008-5.
  32. ^ Riska, Dan-Olof (2003-01-01). "Nuclear exchange currents". Nuclear Physics News. 13 (3): 11–14. Bibcode:2003NPNew..13...11R. doi:10.1080/10506890308232701. ISSN 1061-9127. S2CID 119636869.
  33. ^ Ericson, Magda (2004-04-01). "Letter to the Editor". Nuclear Physics News. 14 (2): 37. Bibcode:2004NPNew..14...37E. doi:10.1080/10506890491034785. ISSN 1061-9127. S2CID 220354777.
  34. ^ Martini, M.; Ericson, M.; Chanfray, G.; Marteau, J. (2010-04-23). "Neutrino and antineutrino quasielastic interactions with nuclei". Physical Review C. 81 (4): 045502. arXiv:1002.4538. Bibcode:2010PhRvC..81d5502M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.81.045502. ISSN 0556-2813. S2CID 45692898.
  35. ^ "Profs. Ericson Torleif and Magda (-Galula)". www.local.ch. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  36. ^ Marlow, Ann (August 2010). David Galula: His Life and Intellectual Context (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute. p. 21. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
  37. ^ "Legifrance".
  38. ^ Académie des sciences (France) (1 November 1987). "Prix et subventions attribués par l'académie en 1987". La Vie des Sciences. Numéro annuel: vie académique. Tables. 4 (6): 557.
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