Wikipedia

List of Charadriiformes by population

This is a list of Charadriiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields.

Charadriiformes (Charadrius being Latin for "plover") is the taxonomic order to which the waders, gulls, and auks belong. BirdLife International has assessed 352 species; 181 (51% of total species) have had their population estimated. Bird taxonomy is currently in a state of flux, much wider in scope than the complications arising from the realization that birds are dinosaurs, and a full scientific consensus on the division of orders has yet to be settled upon.[1] The Charadriiformes, for example, are grouped with the Ciconiiformes in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy.[2] In the interest of standardization this article, along with the rest of the Wikipedia Bird Population lists, is split along the taxonomic system used by BirdLife, which is both the Earth's largest partnership of conservation organizations, and the assessment team for birds on the IUCN Red List.[3][4] This is not an endorsement of any one taxonomic system, and it may change in the future as new relationships are brought to light.

A variety of methods are used for counting Charadriiformes. For example, the piping plover is subject to the quinquennial Piping Plover International Census, which is carried out in 9 Canadian provinces, 32 US states, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. In the 2006 survey, Saskatchewan alone had 159 volunteers scour 294 waterbodies.[5][6] The mountain plover has had its nests counted through the drive transect method. Once density has been calculated, the numbers are extrapolated over a bird's range.[7] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Species which can no longer be included in a list of this nature include the Tahiti sandpiper, which was only recorded in 1777, and is suspected to have fallen prey to introduced egg-eating rats.[8] The same fate awaited the white-winged sandpiper.[9] The Canarian oystercatcher was reported vanished by 1940, believed to have been the result of overfishing of its sustenance.[10] The feathers of the great auk made excellent pillows, and egg collectors were so successful in their hobby that the last specimen in Britain was seen in 1840 on Stac an Armin, Scotland. This was beaten to death by three men believing it to be a witch.[11][12]

The continued existence of some species has yet to be confirmed either way. The Javan lapwing, for example, has not had a confirmed sighting since 1940, but unconfirmed reports continue to give hope that the last individual has yet to die.[13] The last confirmed sightings of the Eskimo curlew were in the early 1980s, but scientists would rather not issue a formal declaration of extinction until surveying of all potential breeding locations is completed.[14] The slender-billed curlew (included in the list below) was considered "very common" in the early 1800s, rare by the early 1900s. The bird was recorded 103 times between 1980 and 1990, and 74 times between 1990 and 1999. The last confirmed recording of the slender-billed curlew was in April 2001.[15]

Critically Endangered means a species has experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or is projected to decline that much over the same period of time.[16] A species' continued existence does not necessarily mean the bird can be salvaged, as it may have already passed the minimum viable population.

Species by global population

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Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Javan lapwing Vanellus macropterus 0-49[17] CR[17]  [17] Last confirmed sighted was in 1939.[17]  
Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis 0-49[18] CR[18] Unknown[18] Last confirmed sighting in 1960s.[18]  
Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris 1-49[19] CR  [19] No recent sightings; may be extinct.[19]  
Black stilt Himantopus novaezelandiae 1-49[20] CR[20]  [20] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[20]  
New Caledonian buttonquail Turnix novaecaledoniae 1-49[21] CR[21] Unknown[21] May be extinct. Last sighting was in early 1900s.[21]
Buff-breasted buttonquail Turnix olivii 1-250[22] CR[22] Unknown[22] Best estimate is 1-49 mature individuals. May be extinct; last verifiable sighting was in the 1920s.[22]  
Brown-chested lapwing Vanellus superciliosus 1-25,000[23] LC[23] Unknown[23] Tentatively equal to 10,000-19,999. Wide estimate comes from uncertainty of threats to species.[23]  
Chinese crested tern Thalasseus bernsteini 30-49[24] CR[24]  [24]  
Jerdon's courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus 70-400[25] CR[25]  [25] Equal to 50-249 mature individuals.[25]  
New Zealand plover Charadrius obscurus 120[26] CR[26]  [26] Equal to 60-80 mature individuals.[26]  
Shore dotterel Thinornis novaeseelandiae 170[27] EN[27]  [27] Estimate for mature individuals only. Recent estimates found breeding populations to be 85 pairs.[27]  
Chatham oystercatcher Haematopus chathamensis 200-249[28] EN[28]  [28] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[28]  
Spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea 240-620[29] CR[29]  [29] Estimate for mature individuals only. Best estimate is 490 mature individuals.[29]  
Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus 251-1,000; 5,000[30] EN[30]  [30] Minimum and maximum estimates are for mature individuals only. There is much uncertainty regarding the estimate.[30]  
Australian painted-snipe Rostratula australis 270-410[31] EN[31]  [31] Best estimate is of 340 mature individuals.[31]  
Saint Helena plover Charadrius sanctaehelenae 545[32] CR[32]  [32] Estimate is exact count from a recent survey for mature individuals only.[32]  
Black-bellied tern Sterna acuticauda 900-1,100[33] EN[33]  [33] Estimate for mature individuals only. Broader range of population estimated at 800–1,600. The estimate to the left is the best available. Species needs further study due to severe declines in population in recent decades.[33]  
Lava gull Larus fuliginosus 900-1,200[34] VU[34]  [34] Equal to 600-800 mature individuals. May be an overestimate.[34]  
Madagascar jacana Actophilornis albinucha 975-2,064[35] EN[35]  [35] Equal to 780–1,643 mature individuals.[35]  
Snares island snipe Coenocorypha huegeli 1,000-1,500[36] NT[36]  [36] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[36]  
Nordmann's greenshank Tringa guttifer 1,000-2,000[37] EN[37]  [37] Equal to 600–1,300 mature individuals.[37]  
Peruvian tern Sternula lorata 1,000-2,499[38] EN[38]  [38] Equal to 667–1,666 mature individuals.[38]  
Black-fronted tern Chlidonias albostriatus 1,000-5,000[39] EN[39]  [39] Estimate for mature individuals only.[39]  
Andean lapwing Vanellus resplendens 1,000-10,000[40] LC[40]  [40] Equal to 670–6,700 mature individuals.[40]  
Belcher's gull Larus belcheri 1,000-10,000[41] LC[41]  [41]  
Snowy-crowned tern Sterna trudeaui 1,000-10,000[42] LC[42]  [42] Equal to 670–6,700 mature individuals.[42]  
Tawny-throated dotterel Oreopholus ruficollis 1,000-10,000[43] LC[43]  [43] Equal to 670–6,700 mature individuals.[43]  
Long-billed plover Charadrius placidus 1,000-25,000[44] LC[44]  [44] Equal to 670–17,000 mature individuals.[44]  
Tuamotu sandpiper Prosobonia parvirostris 1,300[45] EN[45]  [45] Minimum estimate. Equal to 900 mature individuals.[45]  
Javan plover Charadrius javanicus 2,000-6,000[46] LC[46]  [46] Equal to 1,333-4,000 mature individuals. Population size now considered to be larger.[46]  
Damara tern Sternula balaenarum 2,200-5,700[47] LC[47]  [47] Estimate for mature individuals only.[47]  
Chilean skua Catharacta chilensis 2,500-9,999[48] LC[48]  [48] Estimate for mature individuals only. Tentative estimate.[48]  
Fairy tern Sternula nereis 2,500-9,999[49] VU[49]  [49] Estimate for mature individuals only.[49]  
Spot-breasted lapwing Vanellus melanocephalus 2,500-9,999[50] LC[50] Unknown[50] Estimate for mature individuals only. Tentative estimate.[50]  
Diademed plover Phegornis mitchellii 2,500-9,999[51] NT[51]  [51] Equal to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals.[51]  
Fuegian snipe Gallinago stricklandii 2,500-9,999[52] NT[52]  [52] Equal to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.[52]  
Magellanic plover Pluvianellus socialis 2,500-9,999[53] NT[53]  [53] Equal to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals.[53]  
Madagascar snipe Gallinago macrodactyla 2,500-9,999[54] VU[54]  [54] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[54]  
Chatham snipe Coenocorypha pusilla 2,700-3,300[55] VU[55]  [55] Equal to 1,800-2,200 mature individuals.[55]  
Madagascar plover Charadrius thoracicus 2,700-3,500[56] VU[56]  [56] Equal to 1,800-2,300 mature individuals.[56]  
Black-breasted buttonquail Turnix melanogaster 3,000-6,500[57] VU[57]  [57] Best estimate is 4,800 mature individuals.[57]  
Kerguelen tern Sterna virgata 3,500-6,500[58] NT[58]  [58] Equal to 2,300-4,300 mature individuals.[58]  
Sumba buttonquail Turnix everetti 3,500-15,000[59] VU[59]  [59] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[59]  
Amami woodcock Scolopax mira 3,500-15,000[60] VU[60]  [60] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[60]  
Wood snipe Gallinago nemoricola 3,500-15,000[61] VU[61]  [61] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[61]  
Indian skimmer Rynchops albicollis 3,700-4,400[62] EN[62]  [62] Equal to 2,450-2,900 mature individuals.[62]  
Variable oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor 4,000-4,300[63] LC[63]  [63] Estimate for mature individuals only.[63]  
Wrybill Anarhynchus frontalis 4,500-5,000[64] VU[64]  [64] Equal to 3,000-3,300 mature individuals.[64]  
Madagascar pratincole Glareola ocularis 5,000-10,000[65] NT[65]  [65] Equal to 3,300-6,700 mature individuals.[65]  
Yellow-wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus 5,000-10,000[66] LC[66]  [66] Equal to 3,300-6,700 mature individuals.[66]  
Japanese murrelet Synthliboramphus wumizusume 5,200-9,400[67] VU[67]  [67] Estimate for mature individuals only.[67]  
Beach thick-knee Esacus magnirostris 6,000[68] NT[68]  [68] Mature individuals are estimated at 4,000. Subpopulations include 5,000 in Australia, 1,000 in Melanesia islands, and 10–20 in New Caledonia.[68]  
White-fronted tern Sterna striata 6,120-25,120[69] NT[69]  [69] Estimate is for mature individuals only. This estimate includes subspecies S. s. striata and S. s. aucklandorum.[69]  
African oystercatcher Haematopus moquini 6,670[70] LC[70]  [70] Equal to 4,450 mature individuals.[70]  
Forbes's plover Charadrius forbesi 6,700-67,000[71] LC[71] Unknown[71]  
Hooded plover Thinornis cucullatus 7,000[72] VU[72]  [72] Estimate for mature individuals only. Split up into two subspecies: 3,000 cucullatus and 4,000 tregellasi.[72]  
Guadalupe murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus 7,500[73] EN[73]  [73] Equal to 5,000 mature individuals.[73]  
Black-winged lapwing Vanellus melanopterus 8,700-42,000[74] LC[74]  [74] Estimate for mature individuals only.[74]  
Moluccan woodcock Scolopax rochussenii 9,530-19,059[75] VU[75]  [75] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[75]  
Olrog's gull Larus atlanticus 9,800-15,600[76] NT[76]  [76] Estimate for mature individuals only.[76]  
Bristle-thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis 10,000[77] NT[77]  [77] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[77]  
Imperial snipe Gallinago imperialis 10,000[78] NT[78]  [78] Preliminary minimum estimate. Equal to 6,700 mature individuals.[78]  
Bush thick-knee Burhinus grallarius 10,000-15,000[79] LC[79]  [79] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[79]  
South polar skua Catharacta maccormicki 10,000-19,999[80] LC[80]  [80] Equal to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.[80]  
Grey-breasted seedsnipe Thinocorus orbignyianus 10,000-25,000[81] LC[81]  [81] Equal to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.[81]  
Malaysian plover Charadrius peronii 10,000-25,000[82] NT[82]  [82] Equal to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.[82]  
Wandering tattler Tringa incanus 10,000-25,000[83] LC[83]  [83] Equal to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.[83]  
Dolphin gull Larus scoresbii 10,000-28,000[84] LC[84]  [84] Equal to 6,700-19,000 mature individuals.[84]  
Pacific gull Larus pacificus 11,000[85] LC[85]  [85]  
Grey pratincole Glareola cinerea 11,000-35,000[86] LC[86] Unknown[86] Equal to 7,300-23,000 mature individuals.[86]  
Solitary snipe Gallinago solitaria 11,000-110,000[87] LC[87]  [87] Equal to 7,300-73,000 mature individuals.[87]  
Piping plover Charadrius melodus 11,500-12,500[88] NT[88]  [88] Equal to 7,600-8,400 mature individuals. Based on recent census data.[88]  
Craveri's murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri 12,000[89] VU[89]  [89] Equal to 8,000 mature individuals.[89]  
Black-faced sheathbill Chionis minor 13,000-20,000[90] LC[90]  [90] Equal to 8,700-13,000 mature individuals.[90]  
Senegal thick-knee Burhinus senegalensis 13,000-33,000[91] LC[91] Unknown[91] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[91]  
African skimmer Rynchops flavirostris 15,000-25,000[92] LC[92]  [92] Equal to 10,000-17,000 mature individuals.[92]  
River lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii 15,000-29,999[93] NT[93]  [93] Difficult to estimate. Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.[93]  
Relict gull Larus relictus 15,000-29,999[94] VU[94]  [94] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.[94]  
Scripps's murrelet Synthliboramphus scrippsi 15,000-30,000[95] VU[95]  [95] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.[95]  
Egyptian plover Pluvianus aegyptius 15,000-57,000[96] LC[96]  [96] Estimate for mature individuals only.[96]  
Sociable lapwing Vanellus gregarius 16,000-17,000[97] CR[97]  [97] Population from extrapoplating estimation in Kazakhstan. Equal to 11,200 mature individuals.[97]  
Chestnut-banded plover Charadrius pallidus 17,500-22,500[98] LC[98]  [98] Equal to 11,500-14,900 mature individuals. South African subpopulation estimated at 11,000-16,000 individuals.[98]  
Double-banded plover Charadrius bicinctus 19,000[99] NT[99]  [99] Equal to 13,000 mature individuals.[99]  
Mountain plover Charadrius montanus 20,000[100] NT[100]  [100] Estimate for mature individuals only.[100]  
Latham's snipe Gallinago hardwickii 20,000-39,000[101] NT[101]  [101] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[101]  
Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis 20,000-49,999[102] EN[102]  [102]  
Auckland snipe Coenocorypha aucklandica 20,000-49,999[103] NT[103]  [103] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[103]  
White-tailed lapwing Vanellus leucurus 20,000-130,000[104] LC[104] Unknown[104] European subpopulation estimated at 1,100-10,200 mature individuals.[104]  
Saunders's gull Saundersilarus saundersi 21,000-22,000[105] VU[105]  [105] Equal to 14,400 mature individuals.[105]  
Asian dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus 23,000[106] NT[106]  [106]  
Buff-breasted sandpiper Calidris subruficollis 23,000-84,000[107] NT[107]  [107] Equal to 15,300-56,000 mature individuals.[107]  
Snowy plover Charadrius nivosus 24,000-31,000[108] NT[108]  [108] Estimate for mature individuals only.[108]  
Grey gull Larus modestus 25,000[109] LC[109]  [109]  
Long-toed stint Calidris subminuta 25,000[110] LC[110] Unknown[110] Minimum estimate.[110]  
White tern Gygis alba 25,000-49,999[111] LC[111]  [111] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[111]  
Grey-headed lapwing Vanellus cinereus 25,000-100,000[112] LC[112]  [112]  
Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos 25,000-100,000[113] LC[113]  [113]  
Ross's gull Rhodostethia rosea 25,000-100,000[114] LC[114] Unknown[114] Equal to 15,000-70,000 mature individuals.[114]  
Swinhoe's snipe Gallinago megala 25,000-100,000[115] LC[115] Unknown[115]  
Australian gull-billed tern Gelochelidon macrotarsa 25,000-100,000[116] LC[116] Unknown[116]  
Slaty-backed gull Larus schistisagus 25,000-1,000,000[117] LC[117] Unknown[117]  
Blue noddy Anous ceruleus 27,000-120,000[118] LC[118]  [118] Population combined with Anous albivitta.[118]  
Great skua Stercorarius skua 30,000-39,999[119] LC[119]  [119] Estimate for mature individuals only.[119]  
River tern Sterna aurantia 30,000-100,000[120] VU[120]  [120] Equal to 20,000-70,000 mature individuals.[120]  
Blackish oystercatcher Haematopus ater 30,900-131,000[121] LC[121] Unknown[121] Equal to 20,900-87,300 mature individuals. Subspecies populations include H. a. ater at 22,000-120,000 individuals and H. a. bachmani at 8,900-87,300 individuals.[121]  
Aleutian tern Onychoprion aleuticus 31,000[122] VU[122]  [122] Estimate for mature individuals only.[122]  
Greater painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis 31,000-1,000,000[123] LC[123]  [123] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[123]  
Audouin's gull Larus audouinii 33,000-46,000[124] VU[124]  [124] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[124]  
Fynbos buttonquail Turnix hottentottus 33,206-132,169[125] LC[125]  [125] Equal to 22,248-88,553 mature individuals. Estimate calculated from population density and range of habitat.[125]  
Swallow-tailed gull Creagrus furcatus 35,000[126] LC[126] Unknown[126] Last estimate was made in 1984.[126]  
Brown skua Catharacta antarctica 39,000-42,000[127] LC[127]  [127] Equal to 26,000-28,000 mature individuals.[127]  
Caspian plover Charadrius asiaticus 40,000-55,000[128] LC[128]  [128]  
Grey-tailed tattler Tringa brevipes 44,000[129] NT[129]  [129] Equal to 29,500 mature individuals.[129]  
Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris 48,000-82,000[130] NT[130]  [130] Equal to 32,000-55,000 mature individuals.[130]  
Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus 50,000-60,000[131] LC[131] Unknown[131] European subpopulation estimated at 100-200 mature individuals.[131]  
Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus 50,000-123,000[132] LC[132]  [132]  
Eurasian dotterel Eudromias morinellus 50,000-220,000[133] LC[133]  [133]  
Collared plover Charadrius collaris 50,000-499,999[134] LC[134]  [134] Estimate for mature individuals only.[134]  
Magellanic snipe Gallinago magellanica 50,000-1,027,000[135] LC[135]  [135] Estimate for mature individuals only.[135]  
Pintail snipe Gallinago stenura 50,000-2,000,000[136] LC[136] Unknown[136] European subpopulation is 4,000-10,000 mature individuals.[136]  
Elegant tern Thalasseus elegans 51,000-90,000[137] NT[137]  [137]  
White-eyed gull Larus leucophthalmus 53,700-56,700[138] LC[138]  [138] Equal to 35,800-37,800 mature individuals.[138]  
Ivory gull Pagophila eburnea 58,000-78,000[139] NT[139]  [139] Equal to 38,000-52,000 mature individuals.[139]  
Yellow-footed gull Larus livens 60,000[140] LC[140] Unknown[140] Equal to 40,000 mature individuals.[140]  
Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata 60,000-120,000[141] VU[141]  [141] Best estimate is 73,000 mature individuals.[141]  
Armenian gull Larus armenicus 68,000-110,000[142] LC[142]  [142] Equal to 45,000-73,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 44,400-71,800 mature individuals.[142]  
African three-branded plover Charadrius tricollaris 70,000-140,000[143] LC[143] Unknown[143]  
Broad-billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 71 000 – 160 000[144] LC[144]  [144]  
Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica 77,000[145] LC[145]  [145] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[145]  
Broad-billed sandpiper Calidris falcinellus 86,000-89,000[146] LC[146]  [146] European subpopulation estimated at 59,400-88,200 mature individuals.[146]  
Black-billed gull Larus bulleri 90,000-121,000[147] NT[147] Unknown[147] Estimate for mature individuals only.[147]  
Little gull Larus minutus 97,000-270,000[148] LC[148]  [148] European subpopulation estimated at 47,400-90,500 mature individuals.[148]  
Whiskered auklet Aethia pygmaea 100,000[149] LC[149]  [149] Minimum estimate. Equal to 67,000 mature individuals.[149]  
Pheasant-tailed jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus 100,000[150] LC[150]  [150] Minimum estimate.[150]  
Chestnut-backed buttonquail Turnix castanotus 100,000[151] LC[151]  [151] Equal to 50,000 mature individuals. This is a possible estimate- no real data to support these number.[151]  
Brown-headed gull Larus brunnicephalus 100,000-200,000[152] LC[152]  [152]  
Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus 100,000-499,999[153] LC[153]  [153] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only.[153]  
Iceland gull Larus glaucoides 100,000-499,999[154] LC[154]  [154] European subpopulation estimated at 150,000-300,000 individuals.[154]  
South American snipe Gallinago paraguaiae 100,000-499,999[155] LC[155]  [155] Tentative estimate for mature individuals only.[155]  
Red-legged kittiwake Rissa brevirostris 100,000-499,999[156] VU[156]  [156] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[156]  
Grey-backed tern Onychoprion lunatus 100,000-1,000,000[157] LC[157]  [157]  
Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus 110,000-270,000[158] LC[158]  [158] European subpopulation estimated at 41,000-108,000 mature individuals.[158]  
South island oystercatcher Haematopus finschi 113,000[159] LC[159]  [159] Equal to 50,000-99,999 mature individuals.[159]  
Western gull Larus occidentalis 115,500-118,500[160] LC[160]  [160]  
Forster's tern Sterna forsteri 120,000[161] LC[161]  [161]  
Pallas's gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus 125,000-1,100,000[162] LC[162]  [162]  
Spur-winged lapwing Vanellus spinosus 130,000-800,000 LC[163]  [163] European subpopulation estimated at 2,100-3,200 mature individuals.[163]  
Spectacled guillemot Cepphus carbo 140,000-148,000[164] LC[164]  [164]  
Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria 150,000[165] LC[165]  [165]  
Inca tern Larosterna inca 150,000[166] NT[166]  [166] Minimum estimate.[166]  
Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus 150,000[167] LC[167]  [167] Minimum estimate.[167]  
Black-winged pratincole Glareola nordmanni 150,000-190,000[168] NT[168]  [168] Estimate for mature individuals only.[168]  
Sooty gull Larus hemprichii 150,000-300,000[169] LC[169]  [169]  
Greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaultii 150,000-340,000[170] LC[170]  [170] Equal to 100,000-225,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 1,200-2,000 mature individuals.[170]  
Greater crested tern Thalasseus bergii 150,000-1,100,000[171] LC[171]  [171]  
Oriental plover Charadrius veredus 160,000[172] LC[172] Unknown[172]  
Rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis 160,000-170,000[173] LC[173]  [173]  
Collared pratincole Glareola pratincola 160,000-600,000[174] LC[174]  [174] European subpopulation estimated at 15,700-29,900 mature individuals.[174]  
Terek sandpiper Xenus cinereus 160,000-1,200,000[175] LC[175]  [175] European subpopulation estimated at 30,900-101,000 mature individuals.[175]  
Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii 165,000-1,255,000[176] LC[176] Unknown[176] Equal to 110,000-850,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 116,000-333,000 mature individuals.[176]  
Little curlew Numenius minutus 180,000[177] LC[177]  [177] Minimum estimate.[177]  
Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva 190,000-250,000[178] LC[178]  [178]  
Little tern Sternula albifrons 190,000-410,000[179] LC[179]  [179] European subpopulation estimated at 71,900-106,000 mature individuals.[179]  
Roseate tern Sterna dougallii 200,000-220,000[180] LC[180] Unknown[180] European subpopulation estimated at 4,500-5,800 mature individuals.[180]  
Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima 200,000-299,999[181] LC[181]  [181] European subpopulation estimated at 113,000-166,000 mature individuals.[181]  
American golden plover Pluvialis dominica 200,000[182] LC[182]  [182] Minimum estimate.[182]  
Pigeon guillemot Cepphus columba 235,000[183] LC[183]  [183]  
Mediterranean gull Larus melanocephalus 236,000-650,000[184] LC[184]  [184] Estimate for mature individuals only.[184]  
Caspian tern Sterna caspia 250,000-470,000[185] LC[185]  [185] European subpopulation estimated at 23,600-29,600 mature individuals.[185]  
Long-tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus 250,000-749,999[186] LC[186]  [186] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 39,700-106,000 mature individuals.[186]  
South American tern Sterna hirundinacea 250,000-1,000,000[187] LC[187]  [187]  
Bonaparte's gull Larus philadelphia 255,000-525,000[188] LC[188]  [188]  
Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 260,000-1,200,000[189] LC[189]  [189] European subpopulation estimated at 24,100-60,600 mature individuals.[189]  
Slender-billed gull Larus genei 280,000-345,000[190] LC[190] Unknown[190] Equal to 180,000-230,000 mature individuals. Revised estimate after taking European population into account. European subpopulation estimated at 107,550-172,500 individuals, or 71,700-115,000 mature individuals.[190]  
Pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 280,000-470,000[191] LC[191] Unknown[191] European subpopulation estimated at 117,000-149,000 mature individuals.[191]  
Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius 280,000-530,000[192] LC[192]  [192] European subpopulation estimated at 269,000-524,000 mature individuals.[192]  
Great knot Calidris tenuirostris 292,000-295,000[193] EN[193]  [193]  
Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii 300,000[194] LC[194]  [194] Minimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,000-2,000 mature individuals.[194]  
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida 300,000-1,500,000[195] LC[195]  [195] European subpopulation estimated at 133,000-215,000 mature individuals.[195]  
Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus 310,000-390,000[196] LC[196] Unknown[196]  
Great snipe Gallinago media 310,000-570,000[197] NT[197]  [197] Equal to 204,000-379,000 mature individuals.[197]  
Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis 315,000[198] NT[198] Unknown[198]  
Sabine's gull Xema sabini 340,000[199] LC[199]  [199] Minimum estimate is for mature individuals only. European subpoluation estimated at 2,100-4,100 mature individuals.[199]  
Heermann's gull Larus heermanni 350,000[200] NT[200] Unknown[200] Estimate for mature individuals only.[200]  
Marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus 350,000-420,000[201] EN[201]  [201] Equal to 240,000-280,000 mature individuals. Estimate comes from individual estimates in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California.[201]  
Eurasian stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 360,000-589,999[202] LC[202]  [202] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only. Europe subpopulation is estimated at 107,000-176,000 mature individuals.[202]  
Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 400,000[203] LC[203]  [203] Equal to 270,000 mature individuals.[203]  
Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus 400,000[204] LC[204] Unknown[204] Minimum estimate.[204]  
Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus 400,000[205] LC[205]  [205] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 40,000 mature individuals.[205]  
Arctic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus 400,000-560,000[206] LC[206]  [206] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 79,800-112,000 mature individuals.[206]  
Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus 400,000-1,500,000[207] LC[207]  [207] European subpopulation estimated at 93,000-270,000 mature individuals.[207]  
Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula 415,000-1,400,000[208] LC[208]  [208] European subpopulation estimated at 280,000-426,000 mature individuals.[208]  
Common greenshank Tringa nebularia 440,000-1,500,000[209] LC[209]  [209] European subpopulation estimated at 197,000-405,000 mature individuals.[209]  
Black guillemot Cepphus grylle 400,000-1,499,999[210] LC[210] Unknown[210] For mature individuals only. Very preliminary estimate based on a European subpopulation of 304,000-742,000 mature individuals.[210]  
American herring gull Larus smithsonianus 430,000-520,000[211] LC[211]  [211]  
Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus 450,000-780,000[212] LC[212]  [212] European subpopulation estimated at 108,000-151,000 mature individuals.[212]  
American avocet Recurvirostra americana 460,000[213] LC[213]  [213] Estimate for mature individuals only.[213]  
Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres 460,000-730,000[214] LC[214]  [214] Equal to 300,000-500,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 71,800-154,000 mature individuals.[214]  
Sandwich tern Thalasseus sandvicensis 490,000-640,000[215] LC[215]  [215] Equal to 325,000-430,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation estimated at 160,000-295,000 mature individuals.[215]  
Great black-backed gull Larus marinus 500,000-999,999[216] LC[216] Unknown[216] European subpopulation estimated at 360,000-400,000 individuals.[216]  
Double-striped thick-knee Burhinus bistriatus 500,000-4,999,999[217] LC[217]  [217] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[217]  
Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 500,000-999,999[218] NT[218]  [218]  
Northern jacana Jacana spinosa 500,000-4,999,999[219] LC[219] Unknown[219] Estimate for mature individuals only.[219]  
Glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens 570,000[220] LC[220]  [220] Minimum estimate.[220]  
White-cheeked tern Sterna repressa 600,000[221] LC[221]  [221] Equal to 400,000 mature individuals.[221]  
Bridled tern Sterna anaethetus 610,000-1,500,000[222] LC[222] Unknown[222] Equal to 400,000-1,000,000 mature individuals.[222]  
Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa 614,000-809,999[223] NT[223]  [223]  
Sanderling Calidris alba 620,000-700,000[224] LC[224] Unknown[224] European subpopulation is 50,100-100,000 mature individuals.[224]  
California gull Larus californicus 621,000[225] LC[225]  [225]  
Grey plover Pluvialis squatarola 738,000-935,000[226] LC[226]  [226] Equal to 490,000-630,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 10,000-20,000 mature individuals.[226]  
Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda 750,000[227] LC[227]  [227] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[227]  
Black tern Chlidonias niger 800,000-1,750,000[228] LC[228]  [228] European subpopulation estimated at 149,000-308,000 mature individuals.[228]  
Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata 835,000-1,310,000[229] NT[229]  [229]  
Red knot Calidris canutus 891,000-979,000[230] NT[230]  [230] Minimum estimate.[230]  
Lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus 940,000-2,070,000[231] LC[231]  [231] European subpopulation estimated at 1,200,000-1,400,000 individuals.[231]  
Razorbill Alca torda 979,000-1,020,000[232] NT[232]  [232]  
African jacana Actophilornis africanus 1,000,000[233] LC[233]  [233]  
Killdeer Charadrius vociferus 1,000,000[234] LC[234]  [234]  
Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus 1 000 000[235] LC[235]  [235] Minimum estimate.[235]  
Franklin's gull Larus pipixcan 1,000,000-1,490,000[236] LC[236]  [236]  
Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 1,000,000-2,000,000[237] LC[237]  [237]  
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 1,000,000-2,300,000[238] LC[238]  [238] European subpopulation estimated at 687,000-805,000 mature individuals.[238]  
Common redshank Tringa totanus 1,000,000-3,499,999[239] LC[239] Unknown[239] European subpopulation estimated at 680,000-968,000 mature individuals.[239]  
Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 1,085,000-1,285,000 [240] NT[240]  [240]  
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica 1,099,000-1,149,000[241] NT[241]  [241]  
Black-tailed gull Larus crassirostris 1,100,000[242] LC[242]  [242] Minimum estimate.[242]  
Horned puffin Fratercula corniculata 1,200,000[243] LC[243]  [243] Minimum estimate. Equal to 800,000 mature individuals.[243]  
Lesser noddy Anous tenuirostris 1,200,000[244] LC[244]  [244] Minimum estimate.[244]  
Brown noddy Anous stolidus 1,200,000-2,100,000[245] LC[245]  [245] Equal to 800,000-1,400,000 mature individuals.[245]  
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1,200,000-3,600,000[246] LC[246]  [246] European subpopulation estimated at 1,230,000-2,100,000 mature individuals.[246]  
Black noddy Anous minutus 1,300,000[247] LC[247]  [247] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[247]  
Rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata 1,300,000[248] LC[248]  [248] Minimum estimate.[248]  
European golden-plover Pluvialis apricaria 1,300,000-1,750,000[249] LC[249]  [249] European subpopulation estimated at 1,890,000-2,600,000 individuals.[249]  
Red phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius 1,300,000-2,999,999[250] LC[250] Unknown[250] European subpopulation estimated at 1,100-3,400 mature individuals.[250]  
Parakeet auklet Aethia psittacula 1,400,000[251] LC[251]  [251] Estimate for mature individuals only.[251]  
Little stint Calidris minuta 1,500,000-1,600,000[252] LC[252]  [252] Equal to 1,000,000-1,100,000 mature individuals. European subpopulation is 96,400-152,000 mature individuals.[252]  
Ruff Calidris pugnax 1,500,000-9,999,999[253] LC[253]  [253] Preliminary estimate based on European population.[253]  
European herring gull Larus argentatus 1,590,000-1,830,000[254] LC[254]  [254] Equal to 1,060,000-1,220,000 mature individuals.[254]  
Common tern Sterna hirundo 1,600,000-3,600,000[255] LC[255] Unknown[255]  
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea 2,000,000[256] LC[256]  [256] Minimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,130,000-1,810,000 mature individuals.[256]  
Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata 2,000,000[257] LC[257]  [257] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[257]  
Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla 2,200,000[258] NT[258]  [258]  
Common gull Larus canus 2,500,000-3,700,000[259] LC[259] Unknown[259] European subpopulation estimated at 1,280,000-2,160,000 mature individuals.[259]  
Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis 2,550,000[260] LC[260]  [260]  
Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 2,600,000-3,200,000[261] LC[261]  [261] European subpopulation estimated at 1,590,000-2,920,000 mature individuals.[261]  
Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum 2,900,000-3,000,000[262] LC[262]  [262]  
Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola 3,100,000-3,500,000[263] LC[263]  [263] European subpopulation estimated at 1,530,000-3,040,000 mature individuals.[263]  
White-winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus 3,100,000-4,000,000[264] LC[264]  [264] European subpopulation estimated at 133,000-347,000 mature individuals.[264]  
Kelp gull Larus dominicanus 3,300,000-4,300,000[265] LC[265]  [265]  
Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata 3,500,000[266] LC[266]  [266] Minimum estimate. Equal to 2,300,000 mature individuals.[266]  
American woodcock Scolopax minor 3,500,000[267] LC[267]  [267] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[267]  
Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 3,600,000-4,500,000[268] LC[268]  [268] European subpopulation estimated at 590,000-1,280,000 mature individuals.[268]  
Dunlin Calidris alpina 4,300,000-6,799,999[269] LC[269]  [269] European subpopulation is 853,000-1,120,000 mature individuals.[269]  
Black-headed gull Larus ridibundus 4,800,000-8,900,000[270] LC[270] Unknown[270] European subpopulation estimated at 4,000,000-5,970,000 individuals, or 2,670,000-3,980,000 mature individuals.[270]  
Wattled jacana Jacana jacana 5,000,000-50,000,000[271] LC[271]  [271] Estimate for mature individuals only.[271]  
Southern lapwing Vanellus chilensis 5,000,000-50,000,000[272] LC[272]  [272] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[272]  
Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus 5,400,000[273] NT[273]  [273] Equal to 3,600,000 mature individuals.[273]  
Northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus 5,600,000-10,500,000[274] NT[274]  [274] European subpopulation estimate is 3,190,000-5,170,000 mature individuals.[274]  
Crested auklet Aethia cristatella 8,200,000[275] LC[275]  [275] Minimum estimate. Equal to 5,500,000 mature individuals.[275]  
Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola 10,000,000-26,000,000[276] LC[276]  [276] European subpopulation equals 13,800,000-17,400,000 mature individuals.[276]  
Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica 12,000,000-14,000,000[277] VU[277]  [277] For mature individuals only. European subpopulation estimated at 9,550,000-11,600,000 mature individuals.[277]  
Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 14,600,000-15,700,000[278] VU[278]  [278] European subpopulation estimated at 3,460,000-4,410,000 mature individuals.[278]  
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 15,000,000-29,000,000[279] LC[279]  [279] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals only.[279]  
Little auk Alle alle 16,000,000-36,000,000[280] LC[280]  [280] European subpopulation estimated at 9,200,000-82,000,000 mature individuals, therefore the global population is likely larger.[280]  
Common murre Uria aalge 18,000,000[281] LC[281]  [281] Minimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 2,350,000-3,060,000 mature individuals.[281]  
Least auklet Aethia pusilla 20,000,000[282] LC[282]  [282] Estimate for mature individuals only.[282]  
Thick-billed murre Uria lomvia 22,000,000[283] LC[283]  [283] Minimum estimate. European subpopulation estimated at 1,920,000-2,840,000 mature individuals. Russian subpopulation estimated at 10,000-1,000,000 breeding pairs.[283]  
Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus 35,000,000[284] LC[284] Unknown[284] Equal to 23,000,000 mature individuals.[284]  

See also

edit

References

edit
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  270. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-17). "Larus ridibundus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694420A132548687". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-17. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694420a132548687.en.
  271. ^ a b c d IUCN (2019-12-04). "Jacana jacana: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22693553A163616643". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019-12-04. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22693553a163616643.en. S2CID 241753560.
  272. ^ a b c d IUCN (2019-12-04). "Vanellus chilensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694075A163620949". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019-12-04. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694075a163620949.en. S2CID 242912509.
  273. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-08-28). "Ptychoramphus aleuticus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694903A180893939". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-08-28. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694903a180893939.en.
  274. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Vanellus vanellus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22693949A111044786". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t22693949a111044786.en.
  275. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-02-19). "Aethia cristatella: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694915A131877037". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-02-19. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694915a131877037.en. S2CID 241158742.
  276. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Scolopax rusticola: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22693052A155471018". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22693052a155471018.en.
  277. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Fratercula arctica: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694927A132581443". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694927a132581443.en.
  278. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-08). "Rissa tridactyla: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22694497A155617539". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-08. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694497a155617539.en.
  279. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Gallinago gallinago: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22693097A155504420". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22693097a155504420.en.
  280. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Alle alle: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694837A131932114". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694837a131932114.en. S2CID 240340342.
  281. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Uria aalge: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694841A132577296". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694841a132577296.en.
  282. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-02-19). "Aethia pusilla: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694921A168850125". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-02-19. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694921a168850125.en. S2CID 241268575.
  283. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Uria lomvia: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694847A132066134". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22694847a132066134.en.
  284. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-02-19). "Onychoprion fuscatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22694740A168895142". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-02-19. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22694740a168895142.en.
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