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Help:IPA/Neapolitan

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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Neapolitan language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants[1]
IPA Examples English approximation
b banca, campagna, abbrile[2][3] bike
d dint’â casa, verde[3] done
dz pensiero, canzone, cazetta[3][4][5] dads
dʒ maggìa, Francia[2][3] jab
f fatto, fernuto fast
ɡ[6] gatto, negro, manco[3] gas
ɡj[6] ɟ[7] agghiaià, banchiero[3] ague
ʝ famiglia, guaglione[2] roughly like yes, but stronger, or ague
k puorco, quanno scar
kj c[7] chiesa, muschià masculine
l auciello, luglio[8] lip or feel
m maggìa, ammore[9] mother
ɱ infierno[9] symphony
n monte, pensiero[9] nest
ŋ songo, cinco[9] singing
ɲ cugnato, ogne[2] roughly like canyon
p primmo, coppia spin
r grotta, sciore, camorra trilled r
s sano, presenza, stato[5] sorry
ʃ rascia, pesce, scarparo[2][5] ship
t tanto, rete, fatto star
ts zùccaro, miezzo, pazienza[4] cats
tʃ auciello, cerasa, faccia somewhat between watch and wash[10]
v vufero, spavetto, vraccio vent
z snodo, sdignata[5] zipper
ʒ sbagliato, sveglia[5] vision
Semivowels[11]
IPA Examples English approximation
j iennaro/jennaro, auciello, cchiù, paisano you
w fuoco, guaglione, caulo wine
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Short vowels
a æ[7] sciaurato, campagna manner
e viento, pecché roughly like pay, but shorter
ɛ spavetto, dente[12] bed
ə nùmmero, coppia, pecché[13] again
i primmo, insieme see, but shorter
o compongo, coppia story, but shorter
ɔ còmmodo, Maronna[12] off
u urdemo, nùmmero, Napule tool, but shorter
Long vowels[14]
ɑː ɐː
æː[7] 		sciaurato, Napule father or bad
eː ej
ɛj
æɨ[7] 		insieme, peso late
ɛː scena, vero bear (RP) or late
iː tipo, zie see
oː ow
ɔw
əʉ[7] 		ammore, dint’ô sciore story or goal
ɔː soje, cose story or goal
uː ajute, fernuto tool
Other vowels
ɨ[7] [examples needed] roses
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ cozze [ˈkɔttsə] primary stress
ˌ lievemente [ˌljevəˈmɛndə] secondary stress
. diamante [di.aˈmandə] syllable break

Notes

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  1. ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated; all consonants can be geminated except for /z/ and /ʒ/. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfattə], miezzo [ˈmjettsə]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Neapolitan, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, usually represented graphically: e.g. è ssoje [ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə].
  2. ^ a b c d e /b/, /dʒ/, /ʝ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
  3. ^ a b c d e f After a nasal, /c/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/, /k/ and /ts/ are replaced by their voiced counterparts [ɟ], [b], [d], [dʒ], [ɡ], [dz].
  4. ^ a b When not preceded by ⟨n⟩, ⟨z⟩ can represent either /dz/ or /ts/, according to the cases.
  5. ^ a b c d e ⟨s⟩ is pronounced:
    • /s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;
    • /ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;
    • /z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.
  6. ^ a b If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨ ⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Chiefly occurring in Apulian dialects.
  8. ^ Might be slightly velarized [ɫ].
  9. ^ a b c d Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ]. A nasal before /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].
  10. ^ When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
  11. ^ Two diphthongs, uo /wo(ː)/ and ie /je(ː)/, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.
  12. ^ a b Open-mid vowels /ɛ ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed.
  13. ^ After the stressed syllable, /a e o/ change to [ə]. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled ⟨e⟩, as is fernì [fərˈni].
  14. ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: casa [ˈkɑːsə] ~ cassa [ˈkassə], or when compounds of preposition a and an article: a + ’o = ô.

See also

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