List of districts of the House of Representatives of Japan

As of 2024^[update], the House of Representatives of Japan is elected from a combination of multi-member districts and single-member districts, a method called parallel voting. Currently, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member districts (called proportional representation blocks or PR blocks) by a party-list system of proportional representation (PR), and 289 members are elected from single-member districts, for a total of 465. 233 seats are therefore required for a majority. Each PR block consists of one or more prefectures, and each prefecture is divided into one or more single-member districts. In general, the block districts correspond loosely to the major regions of Japan, with some of the larger regions (such as Kantō) subdivided.

History

Until the 1993 general election, all members of the House of Representatives were elected in multi-member constituencies by single non-transferable vote. In 1994, Parliament passed an electoral reform bill that introduced the current system of parallel voting in single-member constituencies and proportional voting blocks.^[1] The original draft bill in 1993 by the anti-LDP coalition of Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa included proportional party list voting on a national scale, an equal number of proportional and district seats (250 each) and the possibility of split voting. However, the bill stalled in the House of Councillors.^[2] After the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had returned to power later that year, it was changed to include proportional voting in regional blocks only, the number of proportional seats was reduced, but the possibility to cast two separate votes was kept in the bill. The electoral reform law was finally passed in 1994. It was first applied in the 1996 general election.

Redistricting and reapportionment

Amendments to the electoral law in 2002^[3] and 2013^[4] changed the boundaries of single-member districts and reapportioned seats between prefectures (+5/-5 in 2002; +0/-5 in 2013, resulting in a net change of -5 in district seats in the House of Representatives to 295 and overall seats to 475). The borders of the regional proportional blocks have never changed, but the apportionment of seats to the regional proportional blocks changed in 2000 after the number of proportional seats had been reduced from 200 to 180 (reducing the total number of seats in the lower house from 500 to 480),^[5] and in the 2002 reapportionment.

Another reapportionment was passed by the National Diet in June 2017. In the majoritarian segment, it will change 97 districts in 19 prefectures, six are eliminated without replacement (one each in Aomori, Iwate, Mie, Nara, Kumamoto and Kagoshima). In the proportional segment, four "blocks" lose a seat each (Tōhoku, N. Kantō, Kinki, Kyūshū). Thus, the number of majoritarian seats is reduced to 289, the number of proportional seats to 176, the House of Representatives overall shrinks to 465. The reform takes effect one month after promulgation, i.e. on July 16, 2017.^[6]^[7]

Hokkaidō (8 block seats)

The block constituency for Hokkaidō (比例北海道ブロック) elects 8 members proportionally. It contains only Hokkaidō Prefecture, which is divided into 12 single-member districts.

Hokkaidō Prefecture (12 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
District 1	Sapporo, wards of Chūō-ku, Minami-ku, parts of wards of Nishi-ku and Kita-ku	453,694	Daiki Michishita^[9]	CDP
District 2	Sapporo, ward of Higashi-ku and part of ward of Kita-ku	461,188	Kenko Matsuki^[9]	CDP
District 3^{[changed 1]}	Sapporo, wards of Toyohira-ku, Kiyota-ku and part of ward of Shiroishi-ku	460,101	Yutaka Arai^[10]	CDP
District 4^{[changed 1]}	Sapporo, ward of Teine-ku and part of ward of Nishi-ku Cities of Otaru and Ishikari Shiribeshi Subprefecture	410,449	Kureha Otsuki^[11]	CDP
District 5^{[changed 1]}	Sapporo, ward of Atsubetsu-ku, part of ward of Shiroishi-ku Cities of Chitose, Ebetsu, Eniwa and Kitahiroshima Ishikari Subprefecture	434,051	Maki Ikeda^[12]	CDP
District 6^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Asahikawa, Furano, Nayoro and Shibetsu Kamikawa Subprefecture	411,625	Kuniyoshi Azuma^[13]	LDP
District 7^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Kushiro and Nemuro Kushiro Subprefecture and Nemuro Subprefecture	250,316	Takako Suzuki^[14]	LDP
District 8	Cities of Hakodate and Hokuto Hiyama Subprefecture and Oshima Subprefecture	357,202	Seiji Osaka^[15]	CDP
District 9	Cities of Date, Muroran, Noboribetsu and Tomakomai Hidaka Subprefecture and Iburi Subprefecture	378,624	Tatsumaru Yamaoka^[16]	CDP
District 10^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Akabira, Ashibetsu, Bibai, Fukagawa, Iwamizawa, Mikasa, Rumoi, Sunagawa, Takikawa and Utashinai Rumoi Subprefecture and Sorachi Subprefecture	280,307	Hiroshi Kamiya^[14]	CDP
District 11	City of Obihiro Tokachi Subprefecture	282,332	Kaori Ishikawa^[14]	CDP
District 12^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Abashiri, Kitami, Monbetsu and Wakkanai Okhotsk Subprefecture and Sōya Subprefecture	283,107	Arata Takebe^[10]	LDP

Tohoku (13 block seats)

The block constituency for Tohoku (比例東北ブロック) elects 14 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Tohoku region.

Akita Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	City of Akita	260,836	Hiroyuki Togashi^[10]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Katagami, Kazuno, Kitaakita, Noshiro, Ōdate and Oga Districts of Kazuno, Kitaakita, Minamiakita and Yamamoto	255,369	Takashi Midorikawa^[9]	CDP
3rd district	Cities of Daisen, Nikaho, Semboku, Yokote, Yurihonjō and Yuzawa Districts of Ogachi and Senboku	316,428	Toshihide Muraoka^[9]	DPP

Aomori Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
District 1	Cities of Aomori and Mutsu District of Higashitsugaru, Shimokita and part of district of Kamikita	338,948	Jun Tsushima^[17]	LDP
District 2	Cities of Hachinohe, Misawa and Towada Part of district of Shimokita	386,599	Junichi Kanda^[18]	LDP
District 3	Cities of Hirakawa, Hirosaki, Goshogawara, Kuroishi and Tsugaru Districts of Kitatsugaru, Minamitsugaru, Nakatsugaru and Nishitsugaru	344,106	Hanako Okada^[18]	CDP

Fukushima Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
District 1^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Date, Fukushima, Motomiya and Nihonmatsu Districts of Date and Sōma	389,027	Emi Kaneko^[18]	CDP
District 2^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kōriyama, Sukagawa and Tamura Districts of Iwase, Ishikawa and Tamura	431,889	Kōichirō Genba^[11]	CDP
District 3^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Aizuwakamatsu, Kitakata and Shirakawa District of Higashishirakawa, Kawanuma, Minamiaizu, Nishishirakawa, Ōnuma and Yama	334,482	Shinji Oguma^[19]	CDP
District 4^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Iwaki, Minamisōma and Sōma Districts of Futaba and Sōma	408,290	Ryutaro Sakamoto^[15]	LDP

Iwate Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	City of Morioka District of Shiwa	292,500	Takeshi Shina^[20]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Hachimantai, Kamaishi, Kuji, Miyako, Ninohe, Ofunato, Rikuzentakata, Takizawa, and Tono Districts of Iwate, Kamihei, Kesen, Kunohe, Ninohe, and Shimohei	364,234	Shun'ichi Suzuki^[20]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Hanamaki, Ichinoseki, Kitakami, and Oshu Districts of Isawa, Nishiiwai, and Waga	374,393	Ichirō Ozawa^[21]	CDP

Miyagi Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Sendai, wards of Aoba-ku and Taihaku-ku	445,778	Akiko Okamoto^[22]	CDP
2nd district	Sendai, wards of Izumi-ku, Miyagino-ku and Wakabayashi-ku	456,564	Sayuri Kamata^[18]	CDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Iwanuma, Kakuda, Natori, and Shiroishi Districts of Igu, Katta, Shibata, and Watari	282,793	Tsuyoshi Yanagisawa^[11]	CDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Higashimatsushima, Ishinomaki, Shiogama, Tagajō, and Tomiya Districts of Kurokawa, Miyagi, and Oshika	388,880	Jun Azumi^[14]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kesennuma, Kurihara, Ōsaki, and Tome Districts of Kami, Motoyoshi, and Tōda	349,841	Itsunori Onodera^[13]	LDP

Yamagata Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Cities of Kaminoyama, Tendō, and Yamagata District of Higashimurayama	302,702	Toshiaki Endo^[17]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Higashine, Murayama, Nagai, Nan'yō, Obanazawa, Sagae, and Yonezawa Districts of Higashiokitama, Kitamurayama, Nishimurayama, and Nishiokitama	311,389	Norikazu Suzuki^[20]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Sakata, Shinjō, and Tsuruoka Districts of Akumi, Higashitagawa, and Mogami	284,580	Ayuko Kato^[18]	LDP

Kita- (North) Kanto (19 block seats)

The Northern Kanto proportional representation block (北関東) elects 20 members proportionally. It includes four prefectures in northern Kanto.

Gunma Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Maebashi and Numata District of Tone	345,119	Yasutaka Nakasone^[11]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Isesaki, Kiryū, and Midori District Sawa	331,700	Toshiro Ino^[14]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ōta and Tatebayashi District of Oura	320,516	Hiroyoshi Sasakawa^[20]	LDP
4th district	Cities of Fujioka and part of Takasaki District of Tano	295,213	Tatsuo Fukuda^[21]	LDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Annaka, Shibukawa, Tomioka, and part of Takasaki Districts of Agatsuma, Kanra, and Kitagunma	317,654	Yūko Obuchi^[15]	LDP

Ibaraki Prefecture (7 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Chikusei, Kasama, Mito, and Sakuragawa District of Higashiibaraki (Town of Shirosato)	426,105	Nobuyuki Fukushima^[21]	YK
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hokota, Itako, Kashima, Kamisu, Namegata, and Omitama District of Higashiibaraki (Towns of Ibaraki and Ōarai)	304,799	Fukushiro Nukaga^[11]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Inashiki, Moriya, Ryūgasaki, Toride, and Ushiku Districts of Inashiki and Kitasouma	390,263	Yasuhiro Hanashi^[23]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hitachinaka, Hitachiōmiya, Hitachiōta, and Naka District of Kuji	269,983	Hiroshi Kajiyama^[18]	LDP
5th district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Hitachi, Kitaibaraki, and Takahagi District of Naka	240,104	Satoshi Asano^[13]	DPFP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ishioka, Kasumigaura, Tsuchiura, Tsukuba, and Tsukubamirai	452,377	Yamato Aoyama^[18]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Bandō, Jōsō, Koga, Shimotsuma and Yuki Districts of Sashima and Yūki	330,072	Hayato Nakamura^[11]	Ind.^[a]

Saitama Prefecture (16 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Saitama, wards of Midori-ku, Minuma, and Urawa-ku	382,839	Hideki Murai^[9]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Part of city of Kawaguchi	391,718	Yoshitaka Shindō^[20]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Koshigaya and part of Kawaguchi	381,903	Hitoshi Kikawada^[18]	LDP
4th district	Cities of Asaka, Niiza, Shiki, and Wakō	388,488	Yasushi Hosaka^[23]	LDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Saitama, wards of Chūō-ku, Kita-ku, Nishi-ku and Ōmiya-ku	393,216	Yukio Edano^[17]	CDP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ageo, Kitamoto, Kōnosu, and Okegawa	415,349	Atsushi Ōshima^[15]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Fujimi and Kawagoe	388,546	Yasuko Komiyama^[11]	CDP
8th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Fujimino, and Tokorozawa District of Iruma (Town of Miyoshi)	418,267	Masahiko Shibayama^[20]	LDP
9th district	Cities of Hannō, Hidaka, Iruma, and Sayama District of Iruma (Towns of Moroyama and Ogose)	404,883	Shinji Sugimura^[15]	CDP
10th district	Cities of Higashimatsuyama, Sakado, and Tsurugashima District of Hiki	328,662	Yūnosuke Sakamoto^[16]	CDP
11th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Chichibu, Fukaya, and Honjō Districts of Chichibu, Kodama, and Ōsato	340,853	Ryūji Koizumi^[18]	LDP
12th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Gyōda, Hanyū, Kazo, and Kumagaya	372,546	Toshikazu Morita^[9]	CDP
13th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hasuda, Kuki, Satte, and Shiraoka Districts of Kita-Adachi, Kitakatsushika (Town of Sugito), and Minamisaitama	372,386	Mikihiko Hashimoto^[10]	DPP
14th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Misato, Sōka, and Yashio	402,229	Yoshihiro Suzuki^[9]	DPP
15th district^{[changed 1]}	Saitama, wards of Minami-ku and Sakura-ku Cities Toda and Warabi	411,169	Ryōsei Tanaka^[10]	LDP
16th district^{[changed 4]}	Saitama, ward of Iwatsuki-ku Cities of Kasukabe and Yoshikawa District of Kitakatsushika (Town of Matsubushi)	377,417	Shinako Tsuchiya	LDP

Tochigi Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Part of city of Utsunomiya District of Kawachi	418,287	Hajime Funada^[21]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kanuma, Nikkō, Sakura, and part of Utsunomiya District of Shioya	256,007	Akio Fukuda^[21]	CDP
3rd district	Cities of Nasukarasuyama, Nasushiobara, Ōtawara, and Yaita District of Nasu	240,132	Kazuo Yana^[16]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Mooka, Oyama, and Shimotsuke Districts of Haga and Shimotsuga	357,326	Takao Fujioka^[20]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ashikaga, Sano, and Tochigi	349,651	Toshimitsu Motegi^[9]	LDP

Minami- (Southern) Kanto (22 block seats)

The block constituency for southern Kanto (比例南関東ブロック, hirei minami-Kantō burokku) elects 22 members proportionally. It includes two prefectures in southern Kanto and one in eastern Chubu.

Chiba Prefecture (14 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Chiba, wards of Chūō-ku, Inage-ku, and Mihama-ku	433,793	Kaname Tajima^[10]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Chiba, ward of Hanamigawa-ku City Yachiyo	317,682	Takayuki Kobayashi^[18]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 2]}	Chiba, ward of Midori-ku City of Ichihara	336,547	Hirokazu Matsuno^[9]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Part of the cities of Funabashi, Ichikawa	405,337	Hideyuki Mizunuma^[11]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Urayasu, and part of Ichikawa	413,484	Kentaro Yazaki^[17]	CDP
6th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	City of Matsudo	416,215	Junko Ando^[12]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Nagareyama and Noda	294,531	Ken Saitō^[20]	LDP
8th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	City of Kashiwa	358,485	Satoshi Honjo^[23]	CDP
9th district^{[changed 2]}	Chiba, ward of Wakaba-ku Cities of Sakura, Yachimata, and Yotsukaidō	407,318	Soichiro Okuno^[15]	CDP
10th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Asahi, Chōshi, Katori, Narita, and Sōsa Districts of Katori	329,853	Masaaki Koike^[23]	LDP
11th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Isumi, Katsuura, Mobara, Ōamishirasato, Tōgane, and Sanmu Districts of Chōsei, Isumi, and Sanbu	358,264	Eisuke Mori^[9]	LDP
12th district	Cities of Futtsu, Kamogawa, Kimitsu, Kisarazu, Minamibōsō, Sodegaura, and Tateyama District of Awa	379,663	Yasukazu Hamada^[23]	LDP
13th district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 5]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Abiko, Inzai, Kamagaya, Shiroi, and Tomisato District of Iba	418,355	Hisashi Matsumoto^[9]	LDP
14th district^{[changed 4]}	Cities of Narashino and part of Funabashi	414,157	Yoshihiko Noda	CDP

Kanagawa Prefecture (20 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Yokohama, wards of Naka-ku, Isogo-ku, and Kanazawa-ku	428,275	Go Shinohara^[20]	CDP
2nd district	Yokohama, wards of Kōnan-ku, Minami-ku, and Nishi-ku	437,432	Yoshihide Suga^[20]	LDP
3rd district	Yokohama, wards of Kanagawa-ku and Tsurumi-ku	444,993	Kenji Nakanishi^[11]	LDP
4th district	Yokohama, ward of Sakae-ku Cities of Kamakura and Zushi Districts of Miura	333,935	Yuki Waseda^[12]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Yokohama, wards of Izumi-ku and Totsuka-ku	364,557	Manabu Sakai^[20]	LDP
6th district	Yokohama, wards of Asahi-ku and Hodogaya-ku	380,871	Yōichirō Aoyagi^[21]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Yokohama, ward of Kōhoku-ku	297,024	Kazuma Nakatani^[20]	CDP
8th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Yokohama, wards of Midori-ku and Aoba-ku	410,538	Kenji Eda^[17]	CDP
9th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Kawasaki, wards of Asao-ku and Tama-ku	333,522	Hirofumi Ryu^[24]	CDP
10th district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Kawasaki, wards of Kawasaki-ku and Saiwai-ku)	330,420	Kazunori Tanaka^[10]	LDP
11th district	Cities of Miura and Yokosuka.	372,364	Shinjirō Koizumi^[18]	LDP
12th district	City of Fujisawa District of Koza	410,480	Tomoko Abe^[13]	CDP
13th district^{[changed 1]}	Yokohama, ward of Seya-ku Cities of Ayase and Yamato	373,756	Hideshi Futori^[21]	CDP
14th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Sagamihara, wards of Chūō-ku and Midori-ku District of Aikō	405,035	Jiro Akama^[13]	LDP
15th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Chigasaki and Hiratsuka District of Naka (Town of Ōiso)	450,900	Taro Kono^[18]	LDP
16th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Atsugi, Ebina, and Isehara	385,382	Yuichi Goto^[19]	CDP
17th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hadano, Minamiashigara, and Odawara Districts of Ashigarakami, Ashigarashimo, and Naka (Town of Ninomiya)	449,062	Karen Makishima^[9]	LDP
18th district^{[changed 5]}^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Kawasaki, wards of Nakahara-ku and Takatsu-ku	409,761	Souno Hajime^[16]	CDP
19th district^{[changed 4]}	Kawasaki, ward of Miyamae-ku Yokohama, ward of Tsuzuki-ku	368,329	Kusama Tsuyoshi	LDP
20th district^{[changed 4]}	Sagamihara, ward of Minami-ku City of Zama	346,633	Sayuri Otsuka	CDP

Yamanashi Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
District 1^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Kōfu, Nirasaki, Hokuto, Minami-arupusu, Chuo, Kai Districts of Nishiyatsushiro, Minamikoma, and Nakakoma	424,557	Katsuhito Nakajima^[11]	CDP
District 2^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Yamanashi, Fujiyoshida, Ōtsuki, Tsuru, Fuefuki, Koshu, and Uenohara Districts of Kitatsuru and Minamitsuru	260,824	Noriko Horiuchi^[23]	LDP

Tokyo (17 block seats)

The block constituency for Tokyo (比例東京ブロック) elects 17 members proportionally. It covers Tokyo prefecture.

Tokyo Metropolis (30 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Chiyoda and Shinjuku	332,256	Banri Kaieda^[16]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Chūō and Taitō	312,165	Kiyoto Tsuji^[10]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, the ward of Shinagawa. Also includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Subprefecture	361,015	Hirotaka Ishihara^[9]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Ōta	425,428	Masaaki Taira^[10]	LDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Setagaya	375,790	Yoshio Tezuka^[10]	CDP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Setagaya	400,236	Takayuki Ochiai^[15]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Minato and Shibuya	400,527	Akihiro Matsuo^[11]	CDP
8th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Suginami	391,474	Harumi Yoshida^[16]	CDP
9th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Nerima	307,649	Issei Yamagishi^[16]	CDP
10th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Bunkyō and Toshima	419,486	Hayato Suzuki^[20]	LDP
11th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Itabashi	388,347	Yukihiko Akutsu^[20]	CDP
12th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Kita and part of Itabashi	378,264	Kei Takagi^[15]	LDP
13th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Adachi	387,664	Shin Tsuchida^[10]	LDP
14th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, wards of Sumida and part of Edogawa	402,475	Midori Matsushima^[9]	LDP
15th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, ward of Kōtō	427,908	Natsumi Sakai^[18]	LDP
16th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Edogawa	391,972	Yohei Onishi^[15]	LDP
17th district^{[changed 1]}	Tokyo, ward of Katsushika	383,277	Katsuei Hirasawa^[23]	LDP
18th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Musashino, Nishitokyo, and Koganei.	402,332	Kaoru Fukuda^[18]	LDP
19th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kodaira, Kokubunji, and Kunitachi	334,159	Yoshinori Suematsu^[20]	CDP
20th district	Cities of Higashimurayama, Higashiyamato, Kiyose, Higashikurume, and Musashimurayama	419,465	Seiji Kihara^[18]	LDP
21st district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hino, Tachikawa, and part Hachiōji	405,407	Masako Ōkawara^[15]	CDP
22nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Chōfu, Komae, and Mitaka	430,620	Ikuo Yamahana^[14]	CDP
23rd district^{[changed 1]}	City of Machida	362,390	Shunsuke Itō^[15]	CDP
24th district^{[changed 1]}	Part of the city of Hachiōji.	382,675	Kōichi Hagiuda^[23]	LDP
25th district	Cities of Akiruno, Akishima, Fussa, Hamura, and Ōme District of Nishitama	414,091	Shinji Inoue^[14]	LDP
26th district^{[changed 4]}	Tokyo, wards of Meguro and part of Ōta	430,474	Jin Matsubara	Ind.
27th district^{[changed 4]}	Tokyo, wards of Nakano and part of Suginami	383,510	Akira Nagatsuma	CDP
28th district^{[changed 4]}	Tokyo, part of the ward of Nerima	313,718	Satoshi Takamatsu	CDP
29th district^{[changed 4]}	Tokyo, wards of Arakawa and part of Adachi	355,778	Mitsunari Okamoto	Komeito
30th district^{[changed 4]}	Cities of Fuchū, Inagi, and Tama	419,168	Eri Igarashi	CDP

Hokuriku-Shin'etsu (11 block seats)

The block constituency for Hokuriku-Shin'etsu (北陸信越) elects 11 members proportionally. It combines five prefectures of the Hokuriku and Shin'etsu subregions in northern Chubu.

Fukui Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Awara, Fukui, Katsuyama, Ono, and Sakai District of Yoshida	373,417	Tomomi Inada^[14]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Echizen, Obama, Sabae, and Tsuruga Districts of Imadate, Mikata, Minamikaminaka, Nanjō, Nyū, and Ōi	261,145	Hideyuki Tsuji^[10]	CDP

Ishikawa Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	City of Kanazawa	376,016	Takuo Komori^[18]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Hakusan, Kaga, Komatsu, Nomi, and Nonoichi District of Nomi	325,277	Hajime Sasaki^[20]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Hakui, Kahoku, Nanao, Suzu, and Wajima. Districts of Hakui, Hōsu, Kahoku, and Kashima.	241,238	Kazuya Kondo^[11]	CDP

Niigata Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Niigata, wards of Chūō-ku, Higashi-ku, and Kōnan-ku City of Sado	365,049	Chinami Nishimura^[11]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Niigata, wards of Minami-ku, Nishi-ku, and Nishikan-ku Cities of Sanjō, Kamo, and Tsubame Districts of Minamikanbara and Nishikanbara	402,082	Makiko Kikuta	CDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Niigata, wards of Akiha-ku and Kita-ku Cities of Agano, Gosen, Murakami, Shibata, and Tainai Districts of Higashikanbara, Iwafune, and Kitakanbara	381,835	Takahiro Kuroiwa^[20]	CDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kashiwazaki, Mitsuke, Nagaoka, and Ojiya District of Kariwa and Santō	362,100	Ryuichi Yoneyama^[9]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Itoigawa, Jōetsu, Minamiuonuma, Myōkō, Uonuma, and Tōkamachi Districts of Minamiuonuma and Nakauonuma	352,135	Mamoru Umetani^[16]	CDP

Nagano Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Cities of Iiyama, Nakano, Suzaka, and part of Nagano Districts of Kamitakai, Shimominochi, and Shimotakai	424,275	Takashi Shinohara^[12]	CDP
2nd district	Cities of Azumino, Matsumoto and Ōmachi, and part of Nagano Districts of Higashichikuma, Kamiminochi, and Kitaazumi	381,349	Mitsu Shimojo^[20]	CDP
3rd district	Cities of Chikuma, Komoro, Saku, Tōmi and Ueda Districts of Chiisagata, Hanishina, Kitasaku, and Minamisaku	398,639	Takeshi Kozi^[14]	CDP
4th district	Cities of Chino, Okaya, Shiojiri, and Suwa Districts of Kiso and Suwa	239,642	Shigeyuki Goto^[19]	LDP
5th district	Cities of Iida, Ina and Komagane Districts of Kamiina and Shimoina	278,839	Ichiro Miyashita^[9]	LDP

Toyama Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Part of the city of Toyama	267,663	Hiroaki Tabata^[10]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Kurobe, Namerikawa, Uozu, and part of Toyama Districts of Nakaniikawa and Shimoniikawa.	245,898	Eishun Ueda^[25]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Himi, Imizu, Nanto, Oyabe, Takaoka, and Tonami	362,175	Keiichiro Tachibana^[10]	LDP

Tokai (21 block seats)

The block constituency for Tokai (東海) elects 21 members proportionally. It covers three prefectures in southern Chubu, as well as one prefecture in Kinki.

Aichi Prefecture (16 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Nagoya, wards of Higashi, Kita, Nishi, and Naka	403,902	Takashi Kawamura^[18]	CPJ
2nd district	Nagoya, wards of Chikusa, Moriyama and Meitō	404,844	Motohisa Furukawa^[21]	DPP
3rd district	Nagoya, wards of Shōwa, Midori and Tenpaku	418,407	Shoichi Kondo^[18]	CDP
4th district	Nagoya, wards of Mizuho, Atsuta, Minato and Minami.	371,387	Yoshio Maki^[18]	CDP
5th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Nagoya, wards of Nakamura and Nakagawa. City of Kiyosu	350,279	Atsushi Nishikawa^[18]	CDP
6th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kasugai and Seto	359,295	Hideki Niwa^[11]	LDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Nagakute, Nisshin, Ōbu, Owariasahi, and Toyoake District of Aichi	354,150	Saria Hino^[20]	DPP
8th district	Cities of Handa, Tokoname, Tōkai and Chita District of Chita	437,388	Yutaka Banno^[14]	CDP
9th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ama, Aisai, Inazawa, Tsushima, and Yatomi District of Ama	383,431	Mitsunori Okamoto^[11]	CDP
10th district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ichinomiya and Iwakura	354,248	Norimasa Fujiwara^[17]	CDP
11th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Miyoshi and Toyota	386,121	Midori Tanno^[16]	DPP
12th district	Cities of Okazaki and Nishio	445,465	Kazuhiko Shigetoku^[20]	CDP
13th district	Cities of Hekinan, Kariya, Anjō, Chiryū, and Takahama	424,402	Kensuke Onishi^[15]	CDP
14th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Toyokawa, Gamagōri, and Shinshiro District of Nukata and Kitashitara	294,065	Soichiro Imaeda^[14]	LDP
15th district	Cities of Toyohashi and Tahara	347,576	Yukinori Nemoto^[11]	LDP
16th district^{[changed 4]}	Cities of Kitanagoya, Komaki, Kōnan, and Inuyama District of Nishikasugai and Niwa	393,120	Tōru Fukuta	DPP

Gifu Prefecture (5 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	City of Gifu	336,264	Seiko Noda^[11]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Ōgaki and Kaizu Districts of Anpachi, Fuwa, Ibi, and Yōrō	298,922	Yasufumi Tanahashi^[10]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hashima, Kakamigahara, Mino, Mizuho, Motosu, Seki, and Yamagata Districts of Hashima and Motosu	411,722	Yoji Muto^[9]	LDP
4th district	Cities of Gero, Gujō, Hida, Kani, Minokamo, and Takayama District of Kamo, Kani and Ōno	327,816	Masato Imai^[18]	CDP
5th district	Cities of Ena, Mizunami, Nakatsugawa, Tajimi, and Toki	271,830	Keiji Furuya^[21]	LDP

Mie Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Cities of Matsuaka and Tsu	358,042	Norihisa Tamura^[10]	LDP
2nd district	Cities of Iga, Kameyama, Nabari, Suzuka, and part of Yokkaichi	407,181	Kosuke Shimono^[18]	CDP
3rd district	Cities of Inabe, Kuwana, and part of Yokkaichi Districts of Inabe, Kuwana, and Mie	414,798	Katsuya Okada^[15]	CDP
4th district	Cities of Ise, Kumano, Owase, Toba, and Shima Disitricts of Kitamuro, Minamimuro, Taki, and Watarai	294,027	Eikei Suzuki^[20]	LDP

Shizuoka Prefecture (8 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Shizuoka, wards of Aoi and Suruga	386,430	Yōko Kamikawa^[18]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Fujieda, Makinohara, Shimada, and Yaizu District of Haibara	378,801	Tatsunori Ibayashi^[14]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities Fukuroi, Iwata, Kakegawa, Kikugawa, and Omaezaki District of Shūchi	375,422	Nobuhiro Koyama^[18]	CDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Shizuoka, ward of Shimizu-ku Cities of Fujinomiya and part of Fuji	318,744	Ken Tanaka^[21]	DPP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Gotemba, Mishima, Susono, and part of Fuji Districts of Tagata and Suntō (Towns of Oyama)	455,231	Goshi Hosono^[23]	LDP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Atami, Itō, Izu, Izunokuni, Numazu, and Shimoda Districts	434,785	Shu Wantanabe^[18]	CDP
7th district^{[changed 1]}	Hamamatsu, wards of Hamakita, Kita-ku, Nishi-ku, and Tenryū City of Kosai	316,233	Minoru Kiuchi^[18]	LDP
8th district^{[changed 1]}	Hamamatsu, wards of Higashi, Minami, and Naka	382,752	Kentaro Genma^[19]	CDP

Kinki/Kansai (28 block seats)

The block constituency for Kinki (Kansai) (近畿) elects 29 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Kinki region minus Mie Prefecture.

Hyōgo Prefecture (12 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Kobe, wards of Chūō-ku, Higashinada-ku, and Nada-ku	394,037	Nobuhiko Isaka^[14]	CDP
2nd district	Kobe, wards of Hyōgo-ku, Kita-ku, and Nagata-ku Part of the city of Nishinomiya	385,407	Kazuyoshi Akaba^[13]	Komeito
3rd district	Kobe, wards of Suma-ku and Tarumi-ku	313,392	Yoshihiro Seki^[20]	LDP
4th district	Kobe, ward of Nishi-ku Cities of Kasai, Katō, Miki, Nishiwaki, and Ono District of Taka	419,227	Hisayuki Fujii^[21]	LDP
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Asago, Sanda, Tamba, Tamba-Sasayama, Toyooka, Yabu, and part of Kawanishi Districts of Kawabe and Mikata	381,054	Koichi Tani^[10]	LDP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Itami, Takarazuka, and part of Kawanishi	449,512	Shū Sakurai^[14]	CDP
7th district	Cities of Ashiya and part of Nishinomiya	443,422	Kenji Yamada^[16]	LDP
8th district	City of Amagasaki	386,380	Hiromasa Nakano^[11]	Komeito
9th district	Cities of Akashi, Awaji, Minamiawaji, and Sumoto	363,654	Yasutoshi Nishimura^[11]	LDP
10th district	Cities of Kakogawa and Takasago District of Kako	347,377	Kisaburo Tokai^[10]	LDP
11th district	Part of the city of Himeji	399,004	Takeaki Matsumoto^[9]	LDP
12th district	Cities of Aioi, Ako, Shiso, Tatsuno, and part of Himeji Districts of Akō, Ibo, Kanzaki, and Sayō	282,431	Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi^[16]	LDP

Kyoto Prefecture (6 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Kyoto, wards of Kamigyō-ku, Kita-ku, Nakagyō-ku, Minami-ku, and Shimogyō-ku	390,269	Yasushi Katsume^[18]	LDP
2nd district	Kyoto, wards of Higashiyama-ku, Sakyō-ku, and Yamashina-ku	263,524	Seiji Maehara^[9]	Ishin
3rd district	Kyoto, ward of Fushimi-ku Cities of Mukō and Nagaokakyō District of Otokuni	353,363	Kenta Izumi^[14]	CDP
4th district	Kyoto, wards of Nishikyō-ku and Ukyō-ku Cities of Kameoka and Nantan District of Funai	394,845	Keiro Kitagami^[18]	YK
5th district	Vities of Ayabe, Fukuchiyama, Kyōtango, Maizuru, and Miyazu District of Yosa	236,343	Taro Honda^[23]	LDP
6th district	Cities of Joyo, Kizugawa, Kyōtanabe, Uji, and Yawata Districts of Kuse, Sōraku, and Tsuzuki	459,643	Kazunori Yamanoi^[16]	CDP

Nara Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Cities of Ikoma and part of Nara	394,347	Sumio Mabuchi^[9]	CDP
2nd district	Cities of Kashiba, Tenri, Yamatokōriyama, and part of Nara Districts of Ikoma, Kitakatsuragi, Shiki, and Yamabe	382,819	Sanae Takaichi^[10]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Gojō, Gose, Kashihara, Katsuragi, Sakurai, Uda and Yamatotakada Districts of Takaichi, Uda, and Yoshino	352,656	Taido Tanose^[10]	LDP

Osaka Prefecture (19 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Osaka, wards of Chūō-ku, Higashinari-ku, Minato-ku, Naniwa-ku, Nishi-ku, and Tennōji-ku	433,378	Hidetaka Inoue^[14]	Ishin
2nd district	Osaka, wards of Abeno-ku, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Hirano-ku, and Ikuno-ku	445,958	Tadashi Morishima^[9]	Ishin
3rd district	Osaka, wards of Nishinari-ku, Suminoe-ku, Sumiyosho-ku, and Taisho-ku	365,973	Tōru Azuma^[20]	Ishin
4th district	Osaka, wards of Fukushima-ku, Joto-ku, Kita-ku, and Miyakojima-ku	410,669	Teruo Minobe^[9]	Ishin
5th district	Osaka, wards of Higashiyodogawa-ku, Konohana-ku, Nishiyodogawa-ku, and Yodogawa-ku	432,729	Satoshi Umemura^[18]	Ishin
6th district	Osaka, wards of Asahi-ku and Tsurumi-ku Cities of Kadoma and Moriguchi	390,026	Kaoru Nishida^[14]	Ishin
7th district	Cities of Settsu and Suita	385,703	Takemitsu Okushita^[15]	Ishin
8th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ikeda and Toyonaka	423,902	Joji Uruma^[25]	Ishin
9th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Ibaraki and Minoo District of Toyono	371,891	Kei Hagihara^[13]	Ishin
10th district	City of Takatsuki District of Mishima	320,615	Taku Ikeshita^[14]	Ishin
11th district	Cities of Hirakata and Katano	398,982	Hiroshi Nakatsuka^[11]	Ishin
12th district	Cities of Daitō, Neyagawa, and Shijōnawate	339,048	Fumitake Fujita^[21]	Ishin
13th district	City of Higashiōsaka	400,456	Ryohei Iwatani^[14]	Ishin
14th district	Cities of Fujiidera, Habikino, Kashiwara, and Yao	420,979	Hitoshi Aoyagi^[13]	Ishin
15th district	Sakai, ward of Mihara-ku Cities of Kawachinagano, Matsubara, Ōsakasayama, and Tondabayashi District of Minamikawachi	388,103	Yasuto Urano^[25]	Ishin
16th district	Sakai, wards of Higashi-ku, Kita-ku, and Sakai-ku	326,786	Masaki Kuroda^[18]	Ishin
17th district	Sakai, wards of Minami-ku, Naka-ku, and Nishi-ku	329,205	Nobuyuki Baba^[26]	Ishin
18th district	Cities of Izumi, Izumiōtsu, Kishiwada, and Takaishi District of Senboku	433,984	Takashi Endo^[17]	Ishin
19th district	Cities of Hannan, Izumisano, Kaizuka, and Sennan District of Sennan	303,724	Nobuhisa Ito^[14]	Ishin

Shiga Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Cities of Ōtsu and Takashima	325,422	Alex Saito^[15]	Ishin
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Higashiōmi, Maibara, Nagahama, Hikone, and Ōmihachiman Districts of Echi, Gamō, and Inukami	437,139	Kenichiro Ueno^[25]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Kōka, Konan, Kusatsu, Moriyama, Rittō and Yasu	392,383	Nobuhide Takemura^[10]	LDP

Wakayama Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 1]}	City of Iwade, Kinokawa, and Wakayama	403,217	Daichi Yamamoto^[23]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Arida, Gobō, Hashimoto, Kainan, Shingū, and Tanabe Districts of Arida, Hidaka, Higashimuro, Ito, Kaisō, and Nishimuro	392,379	Hiroshige Sekō^[14]	LDP

Chugoku (11 block seats)

The block constituency for Chugoku (中国) elects 11 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Chugoku region.

Hiroshima Prefecture (6 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Hiroshima, wards of Higashi-ku, Minami-ku, and Naka-ku District of Aki (Towns of Fuchū, Kaita, and Saka)	410,425	Fumio Kishida	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Hiroshima, wards of Nishi-ku and Saeki-ku Cities of Hatsukaichi, and Ōtake	391,029	Hiroshi Hiraguchi^[23]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Hiroshima, wards of Aki-ku, Asakita-ku and Asaminami-ku City of Akitakata District of Yamagata	423,244	Tetsuo Saito	Komeito
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Etajima, Higashihiroshima, Kure, and Takehara Districts of Toyota and Aki (Town of Kumano)	398,489	Seiki Soramoto	Ishin
5th district^{[changed 1]}	Fuchū, Mihara, Miyoshi, Onomichi, and Shōbara Districts of Jinseki and Sera	309,901	Koji Sato^[10]	CDP
6th district^{[changed 1]}	City of Fukuyama	381,074	Fumiaki Kobayashi	LDP

Okayama Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Okayama, ward of Kita-ku Cities of Akaiwa and Bizen Districts of Kaga and Wake	329,469	Ichiro Aisawa^[13]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Okayama, ward of Higashi-ku, Minami-ku, and Naka-ku Cities of Setouchi and Tamano	417,620	Takashi Yamashita^[16]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Asakuchi, Ibara, Kasaoka, Mimasaka, Maniwa, Niimi, Sōja, Takahashi, and Tsuyama Districts of Aida, Asakuchi, Katsuta, Kume, Maniwa, Oda, and Tomata	410,597	Katsunobu Katō^[23]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	City of Kurashiki District of Tsukubo	405,558	Michiyoshi Yunoki^[23]	CDP

Shimane Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Matsue, Unnan, and Yasugi Districts of Iishi, Nita, and Oki	259,179	Akiko Kamei^[23]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities Gōtsu, Hamada, Izumo, Masuda, and Ōda Districts of Kanoashi and Ōchi	296,468	Yasuhiro Takami^[10]	LDP

Tottori Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Kurayoshi and Tottori District of Iwami, Yazu, and Tōhaku (Town of Misasa)	229,371	Shigeru Ishiba^[14]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Sakaiminato and Yonago Districts of Hino, Saihaku, and Tōhaku (Towns of Hokuei, Kotoura, and Yurihama)	232,955	Ryosei Akazawa^[13]	LDP

Yamaguchi Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hōfu, Ube, and Yamaguchi	391,474	Masahiko Kōmura^[18]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hikari, Iwakuni, Kudamatsu, Shūnan, and Yanai Districts of Kuga, Kumage, and Ōshima	386,937	Nobuchiyo Kishi^[18]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Hagi, Mine, Nagato, Sanyo-Onoda, and Shimonoseki District of Abu	355,510	Yoshimasa Hayashi^[23]	LDP

Shikoku (6 block seats)

The block constituency for Shikoku (比例四国ブロック) elects 6 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Shikoku region.

Ehime Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Representative	Party represented
District 1^{[changed 1]}	City of Matsuyama	426,322	Akihisa Shiozaki^[20]	LDP
District 2^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Imabari, Niihama, Saijō, and Shikokuchūō District of Ochi	393,597	Yoichi Shiraishi^[9]	CDP
District 3^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities Iyo, Ōzu, Seiyo, Uwajima, Tōon, and Yawatahama Districts Iyo, Kamiukena, Kita, Kitauwa, Minamiuwa, and Nishiuwa	314,289	Junji Hasegawa^[14]	LDP

Kagawa Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Part of the city of Takamatsu Districts of Kagawa and Shozu	312,992	Junya Ogawa^[15]	CDP
2nd district	Cities of Higashikagawa, Sakaide, Sanuki and parts of Takamatsu and Marugame Districts Kita and Ayauta	256,773	Yuichiro Tamaki^[10]	DPP
3rd district	Cities Kan'onji, Mitoyo, Zentsuji, and part of Marugame District of Nakatado	238,016	Keitaro Ohno^[15]	LDP

Kōchi Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Aki, Kami, Kōnan, Muroto, Nankoku, and part of Kōchi Districts of Aki, Nagaoka, and Tosa	308,938	Gen Nakatani^[11]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Shimanto, Susaki, Sukumo and Tosa, Tosashimizu, and part of Kōchi Districts of Agawa, Hata, and Takaoka,	284,670	Masanao Ozaki^[15]	LDP

Tokushima Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of: Tokushima, Komatsushima, and Anan. Districts of: Myodo, Kaifu, Myozai, Katsura, and Naka.	360,095	Hirobumi Niki^[11]	LDP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of: Awa, Yoshinogawa, Naruto, Mima, and Miyoshi. Districts of: Itano, Mima, and Miyoshi.	258,564	Shunichi Yamaguchi^[16]	LDP

Kyūshū (20 block seats)

The block constituency for Kyūshū (九州) elects 21 members proportionally. It includes all the prefectures on Kyūshū island, as well as Okinawa Prefecture.

Fukuoka Prefecture (11 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	Fukuoka, wards of Hakata-ku and part of Higashi-ku	431,653	Takahiro Inoue^[14]	LDP
2nd district	Fukuoka, wards of Chūō-ku and part of Jonan-ku and Minami-ku	453,775	Shūji Inatomi^[15]	CDP
3rd district	Fukuoka, wards of Nishi-ku, Sawara-ku, and part of Jonan-ku City of Itoshima	446,205	Atsushi Koga^[18]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 1]}	Fukuoka, part of the ward of Higashi-ku Cities Fukutsu, Koga, and Munakata District of Kasuya	398,041	Hideki Miyauchi^[9]	LDP
5th district	Fukuoka, part of the ward of Minami-ku Cities of Asakura, Chikushino, Dazaifu, Kasuga, Nakagawa and Onojo District of Asakura	456,331	Kurihara Wataru^[10]	LDP
6th district	Cities of Kurume, Ogori, Okawa, and Ukiha Districts of Mii and Mizuma	373,877	Jiro Hatoyama^[23]	LDP
7th district	Cities of Chikugo, Miyama, Omuta, Yame, and Yanagawa District of Yame	286,562	Satoshi Fujimaru^[21]	LDP
8th district	Cities of Iizuka, Kama, Miyawaka, Nakama, and Nogata Districts of Kaho, Kurate, and Onga	347,369	Tarō Asō^[13]	LDP
9th district	Kitakyushu, wards of Tobata-ku, Wakamatsu-ku, Yahatahigashi-ku, and Yahatanishi-ku	378,490	Rintaro Ogata^[15]	Ind.
10th district	Kitakyushu, wards of Kokurakita-ku, Kokuraminami-ku, and Moji-ku	406,620	Takashi Kii^[18]	CDP
11th district	Cities of Buzen, Tagawa, and Yukuhashi Districts of Chikujō, Miyako, and Tagawa	255,347	Tomonobu Murakami^[10]	Ishin

Kagoshima Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Part of the city of Kagoshima District of Kagoshima	357,284	Hiroshi Kawauchi^[9]	CDP
2nd district	Cities of Amami, Ibusuki, Makurazaki, Minamisatsuma, Minamikyushu, and part of Kagoshima District of Ōshima	334,582	Satoshi Mitazono^[9]	Ind./LDP
3rd district	Cities of Aira, Akune, Hioki, Ichikikushikino, Isa, Izumi, and Satsumasendai Districts of Aira, Izumi, and Satsuma	316,469	Takeshi Noma^[11]	CDP
4th district	Cities of Kanoya, Kirishima, Nishinoomote, Shibushi, Soo, and Tarumizu District of Kimotsuki, Kumage, and Soo	323,373	Hiroshi Moriyama^[9]	LDP

Kumamoto Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Kumamoto, wards of Chuo, Higashi, and Kita	422,072	Minoru Kihara^[18]	LDP
2nd district	Kumamoto, wards of Nishi and Minami Cities of Arao and Tamana District of Tamana	313,172	Daisuke Nishino^[11]	LDP
3rd district	Cities of Kochi, Aso, Kikuchi, and Yamaga Districts of Aso, Kamimashiki, and Kikuchi	315,454	Tetsushi Sakamoto^[10]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Amakusa, Hitoyoshi, Kami-Amakusa, Minamata, Uki, Uto, and Yatsushiro Districts of Ashikita, Amakusa, Kuma, Shimomashiki, and Yatsushiro	399,867	Yasushi Kaneko^[18]	LDP

Miyazaki Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
Miyazaki 1st	City of Miyazaki District of Higashimorokata	354,398	So Watanabe^[12]	CDP
Miyazaki 2nd	Cities of Hyuga, Nobeoka, and Saito Districts of Higashiusuki, Koyu, and Nishiusuki	270,284	Taku Etō^[17]	LDP
Miyazaki 3rd	Cities of Ebino, Kobayashi, Kushima, Miyakonojo, and Nichinan Districts of Kitamorokata and Nishimorokata	271,813	Yoshihisa Furukawa^[21]	LDP

Nagasaki Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 1]}	City of Nagasaki	344,579	Hideko Nishioka^[11]	DPFP
2nd district^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Iki, Isahaya, Minamishimabara, Omura, Shimabara, Unzen, and Tsushima District of Nishisonogi	403,812	Ryusho Kato^[18]	LDP
3rd district^{[changed 3]}^{[changed 1]}	Cities of Gotō, Hirado, Matsuura, Saikai, and Sasebo Districts of Higashisonogi, Kitamatsuura, and Minamimatsura	357,963	Yaichi Tanigawa^[10]	LDP

Ōita Prefecture (3 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district	Part of the city of Ōita	386,368	Shuji Kira^[18]	YK
2nd district	Cities of Bungo-ōno, Hita, Saiki, Taketa, Tsukumi, Yufu, Usuki, and part of Ōita District of Kusu	264,423	Ken Hirose^[17]	Ind./LDP
3rd district	Cities of Beppu, Bungotakada, Kitsuki, Nakatsu, Kunisaki, and Usa Districts of Hayami, and Higashikunisaki	299,659	Takeshi Iwaya^[14]	LDP

Okinawa Prefecture (4 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented
1st district^{[changed 2]}	City of Naha District of Shimajiri (Town of Kumejima and villages of Aguni, Kitadaitō, Minamidaitō, Tokashiki, Tonaki, and Zamami)	268,018	Seiken Akamine^[13]	JCP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Ginowan and Urasoe District of Nakagami	296,016	Kunio Arakaki^[13]	SDP
3rd district^{[changed 2]}	Cities of Nago, Okinawa, Uruma Districts of Kunigami and Shimajiri (Villages of Iheya and Izena)	318,484	Aiko Shimajiri^[20]	LDP
4th district^{[changed 5]}	Cities of Miyakojima, Ishigaki, Itoman, Tomigusuku and Nanjō. Districts of: Miyako, Yaeyama, Shimajiri (Towns of Haebaru, Yaese, and Yonabaru)	296,996	Kōsaburō Nishime^[11]	LDP

Saga Prefecture (2 districts)


District	Areas included	Number of constituents^[8]	Current representative	Party represented	Map
1st district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Kanzaki, Saga, and Tosu Districts of Kanzaki and Miyaki	333,869	Kazuhiro Haraguchi^[23]	CDP
2nd district^{[changed 2]}^{[changed 3]}	Cities of Kashima, Ogi, Imari, Karatsu, Ureshino, Takeo, and Taku. Districts of Fujitsu, Kishima, Higashimatsuura, and Nishimatsuura.	338,720	Hiroshi Ogushi^[15]	CDP

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb Redistricted in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af Redistricted in 2002 (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Redistricted in 2013 (first effective in the 47th House of Representatives election)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Created in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)
^ ^a ^b ^c Created in the 2002 reapportionment (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)

^ Father was a member of the CDP. However, since the CDP restricts hereditary succession, Hayato ran as an independent

References

^ "Japanese Pass Bills On Electoral Reform". The New York Times. 3 November 1993. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
^ CRS: Issue Brief IB93100 in the Government Document Digital Collection of the University of North Texas
^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
^ MIC: 衆議院比例代表選出議員の定数削減について
^ MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について
^ NHK Senkyo Web: 衆院小選挙区区割り見直し改正公選法が成立
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au "総務省｜令和4年9月1日現在選挙人名簿及び在外選挙人名簿登録者数". 総務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa "Members M_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab "Members T_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z "Members N_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Members W_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Members A_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Members I_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u "Members O_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Members Y_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Members E_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al "Members K_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Members G_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Members S_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Members F_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
^ "Members D_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "Members H_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
^ "Members R_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Members U_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
^ "Members B_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

External links

MIC, e-Gov legal database: 公職選挙法 (kōshoku senkyo hō), Law No. 100 of April 25, 1950 (the three appended tables list the area/number of seats for all electoral districts to both Houses of the National Diet); MOJ, Japanese Law Translation Database: Public Offices Election Act ([by definition unofficial] translation to English, if available)

[2022_changed-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb Redistricted in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)

[2002_changed-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af Redistricted in 2002 (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)

[2013_changed-23] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Redistricted in 2013 (first effective in the 47th House of Representatives election)

[:0-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Created in 2022 (First effective in the 2025 Japanese General Election)

[2002_created-29] Created in the 2002 reapportionment (first effective in the 2003 House of Representatives election)

[27] Father was a member of the CDP. However, since the CDP restricts hereditary succession, Hayato ran as an independent

[1] "Japanese Pass Bills On Electoral Reform". The New York Times. 3 November 1993. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[2] CRS: Issue Brief IB93100 in the Government Document Digital Collection of the University of North Texas

[3] MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について

[4] MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について

[5] MIC: 衆議院比例代表選出議員の定数削減について

[6] MIC: 衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について

[:15-7] NHK Senkyo Web: 衆院小選挙区区割り見直し改正公選法が成立

[:12-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au "総務省｜令和4年9月1日現在選挙人名簿及び在外選挙人名簿登録者数". 総務省 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:13-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa "Members M_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:16-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab "Members T_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:17-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z "Members N_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:0-13] "Members W_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:1-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Members A_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:18-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Members I_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:19-17] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u "Members O_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:2-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Members Y_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:3-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Members E_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:20-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al "Members K_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:4-21] "Members G_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-28.

[:5-22] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y "Members S_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.

[:14-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Members F_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-08-15.

[25] "Members D_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

[:7-26] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "Members H_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-06-11.

[30] "Members R_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

[:6-31] "Members U_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

[32] "Members B_The House of Representatives, Japan". www.shugiin.go.jp. Retrieved 2023-06-22.

[1]

[2]

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[4]

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