Facial width to height ratio (fWHR) is a measure of the width of a person’s face compared to its height.[1] Research has shown that higher FWHR is associated with various physical and behavioral traits, such as adolescent testosterone,[2] aggression,[3] attractiveness to women,[4] cause of death by violence,[5] CEO success as measured by organizational and financial performance,[6] and success in sports.[7] While most studies have found some significance, other studies found little correlation.[8] The metric has also been used in primate studies with similar findings.[9]
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Width is measured as upper bizygomatic width (the widest central bit of the face), height measurement used is upper facial height, from the top of the eyelids (approximately the nasion) to the top lip.[10] This can cause experimental error when working from photographs in historical studies due to facial expressions.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Kramer, RS; Jones, AL; Ward, R (2015-09-28). "A Lack of Sexual Dimorphism in Width-to-Height Ratio in White European Faces Using 2D Photographs, 3D Scans, and Anthropometry". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e42705. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042705. PMC 3413652. PMID 22880088.
- ^ Welker KM, Bird BM, Arnocky S (2016) Commentary: Facial Width-To-Height Ratio (fWHR) Is Not Associated with Adolescent Testosterone Levels. Frontiers of Psychology 7, 1745. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01745
- ^ Carré, J. M.; McCormick, C. M. (2008-11-22). "In your face: facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1651): 2651–2656. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0873. PMC 2570531. PMID 18713717.
- ^ Valentine, Katherine A.; Li, Norman P.; Penke, Lars; Perrett, David I. (March 2014). "Judging a man by the width of his face: the role of facial ratios and dominance in mate choice at speed-dating events". Psychological Science. 25 (3): 806–811. doi:10.1177/0956797613511823. ISSN 1467-9280. PMID 24458269. S2CID 14420741.
- ^ "Male facial width is associated with death by contact violence: Narrow-faced males are more likely to die from contact violence - Evolution and Human Behavior". Archived from the original on 2016-12-18. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
- ^ Wong, Elaine M.; Ormiston, Margaret E.; Haselhuhn, Michael P. (2011-10-31). "A Face Only an Investor Could Love". Psychological Science. 22 (12): 1478–1483. doi:10.1177/0956797611418838. PMID 22042727. S2CID 41505916.
- ^ Sato, Shintaro; Kinoshita, Keita; Sekino, Koichi; Amano, Haruka; Bizen, Yoshifumi; Matsuoka, Hirotaka (2021). "The Association Between Facial Width-to-Height Ratio (fWHR) and Sporting Performances: Evidence From Professional Basketball Players in Japan". Frontiers in Psychology. 12: 714819. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714819. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 8416241. PMID 34484074.
- ^ a b Robert O. Deaner; Stefan M.M. Goetz; Kraig Shattuck; Tony Schnotala. "Journal of Research in Personality : Body weight, not facial width-to-height ratio, predicts aggression in professional hockey players" (PDF). Faculty.gvsu.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
- ^ Lefevre, Carmen Emilia; Wilson, Vanessa A. D.; Morton, F. Blake; Brosnan, Sarah F.; Paukner, Annika; Bates, Timothy C. (2014-04-04). "PLOS ONE: Facial Width-To-Height Ratio Relates to Alpha Status and Assertive Personality in Capuchin Monkeys". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e93369. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093369. PMC 3976278. PMID 24705247.
- ^ Loehr, J.; O'Hara, R. B. (2013-08-23). "Finish Soldier Image". Biology Letters. 9 (4): 20130049. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0049. PMC 3730618. PMID 23658003.