Wikipedia

Chevrolet Spark

The Chevrolet Spark (Korean: 쉐보레 스파크) is a city car manufactured by General Motors's subsidiary GM Korea from 1998 to 2022. The vehicle was developed by Daewoo and introduced in 1998 as the Daewoo Matiz (Korean: 대우 마티즈). In 2002, General Motors purchased Daewoo Motors, which was marketing the vehicle with several GM marques and nameplates.

Chevrolet Spark
Overview
Manufacturer
Production1998–2022
Body and chassis
ClassCity car (A)
Body style5-door hatchback
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorDaewoo Tico

The third generation was marketed globally, prominently under the Chevrolet brand in North America as the Chevrolet Spark and in Australia and New Zealand as the Holden Barina Spark. The fourth generation was launched in 2015, known as the Holden Spark in Australia and New Zealand.[1] It also serves as the basis for the Opel Karl in Europe,[2] Vauxhall Viva in the UK,[3][4] and VinFast Fadil in Vietnam, the latter being manufactured under license.[citation needed]

A limited-production all-electric version, the Chevrolet Spark EV, was released in the U.S. in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013. The Spark EV was the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors since the EV1 was discontinued in 1999, and also the first offered for retail sale by GM (the EV1 was available only on lease).[5][6]

In the South Korean market, the Spark complies with South Korean "light car" (Korean: 경차, romanized: Gyeongcha) regulations, which regulate overall vehicle dimensions and engine capacity with tax and parking fee benefits.[7]

Production of the Spark at the Changwon, South Korea assembly plant ended in 2022. The plant would instead produce the second-generation Trax.[8]

First generation (M100, M150; 1998)

edit
First generation
 
Overview
Model code
  • M100
  • M150
Also called
  • Daewoo Matiz (1998–2002)
  • Chevrolet Matiz
  • UzDaewoo Matiz (Uzbekistan)
  • Ravon Matiz (Russia)
  • Formosa Matiz (Taiwan)[9]
  • FSO Matiz (Poland)
  • Pontiac Matiz (México)
  • Pontiac G2 (México)
  • Chevrolet Lechi (China)
  • Baojun Lechi (China)
  • Chevrolet Exclusive (Pakistan)
  • Chevrolet Joy (Pakistan)
  • Chevrolet Taxi 7:24 Chronos (Colombia)
Production
  • 1998–2005 (South Korea)
  • 1998–2007 (M100, Poland)
  • 1998–2008 (M100, Romania)
  • 1998–2002 (India)
  • 2001–2018 (Uzbekistan)
  • 2010–2016 (China)
Assembly
DesignerFabrizio Giugiaro at Italdesign[12]
Body and chassis
Body style
RelatedDaewoo Tico
Chery QQ3
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,340 mm (92.1 in)
Length3,495 mm (137.6 in)
Width1,495 mm (58.9 in)
Height1,485 mm (58.5 in)
Curb weight795–850 kilograms (1,753–1,874 lb)[13]

M100 (1998–2000)

edit

The production of Daewoo Matiz started in 1998, and it was marketed in South Korea and many European markets, internally designated the M100. The exterior design is based on the Lucciola, a 1993 Fiat Cinquecento concept by Fabrizio Giugiaro at Italdesign, which had been rejected by Fiat.[14] The 0.8-litre gasoline engine and the transmission were carryovers from the Daewoo Tico, but as of 2013 used a multipoint fuel injection system.[15] Engineering was carried out at Daewoo's Worthing Technical Centre in England. The car became the best selling Daewoo model in Europe and in India for the next four years.[16]

It was developed on the basis of the Daewoo Tico under license of the Suzuki Alto, with which both Tico and Matiz share mechanicals and suspensions. From this origin was derived its characteristic narrow width, imposed by the Japanese kei car tax category.

The Matiz was launched with just a 0.8-litre straight-three engine. It developed a maximum power of 51 hp (38 kW) and a maximum torque of 68.5 N⋅m (51 lb⋅ft), and had a combined consumption of 6.4 L/100 km (44 mpg‑imp). It had a top speed of 144 km/h (89 mph) and could reach 100 km/h (62 mph) in 17 seconds.[15] This engine was developed from the Tico unit by Tickford, a UK company based in Milton Keynes. The Tickford connection was acknowledged in the brochures distributed in UK showrooms.

It was released with three trim levels: E, S, and SE. The latter had air conditioning, wheel covers, body-colored bumpers, rear spoiler, fog lights, and a stereo, with optional features such as roof rails, power steering, central locking, electric front windows, antilock brakes, and driver airbag.[17] In certain markets, it was also available with an automatic transmission.

  •  
    Daewoo Matiz (M100; pre-facelift)
  •  
    Interior (M100; pre-facelift)
  •  
    FSO Matiz

M150 (2000–2005)

edit

This facelift was designed at Daewoo's Worthing Technical Centre in England, and introduced in South Korea in late 2000, and exported from 2001. The front-end structure was modified to accommodate a four-cylinder engine, although the introduction of this engine, the 1.0-litre S-Tec unit, was delayed until after Daewoo's takeover by General Motors in 2002.

The M150 continued to be produced by GM-Uzbekistan (previously UzDaewooAuto) in Uzbekistan until 2018. The car was launched to the Russian market as the Ravon Matiz in 2016, but was soon discontinued.[18] In South Korea and Japan this updated Matiz was sold under the name Daewoo Matiz II.

  •  
    Facelifted M150-series Daewoo Matiz
  •  
    Facelifted M150-series Daewoo Matiz
  •  
    Chevrolet Matiz
  •  
    Formosa (FAC) Matiz
  •  
    Pontiac Matiz

Lechi (China)

edit

In China, the car was marketed as the Chevrolet Lechi. It remained in production until 2012, when an updated version was introduced as the Baojun Lechi. It is to be offered under both Chevrolet and Baojun brands during a transition period.[19] The Lechi has also received certain powertrain updates, making the car economical enough to qualify for a subsidy and a tax break from the Chinese government.[19]

  •  
    2007 Chevrolet Lechi
  •  
    2009 Chevrolet Lechi
  •  
    2014 Baojun Lechi
  •  
    2010 Chevrolet Lechi Cross
  •  
    2015 Baojun Lechi Cross

Safety

edit

Euro NCAP test results for a RHD, five-door hatchback variant on a 2000 registration:

Test[20] Score Points
Overall: N/A N/A
Adult occupant:       19
Child occupant: N/A N/A
Pedestrian:      15
Safety assist: N/A N/A

Engines

edit

It featured a range of three petrol engines which had these specifications:

Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) Top speed CO2 emissions Notes
0.8 I3 796 cc 51 PS (38 kW; 50 hp) 69 N⋅m (51 lb⋅ft) at 4,200 rpm 17.0 s 144 km/h (89 mph) 161 g/km
1.0 I4 995 cc 63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp) 87 N⋅m (64 lb⋅ft) at 4,300 rpm 14.2 s 155 km/h (96 mph) 157 g/km introduced in 2002
1.2 I4 1,206 cc 86 PS (63 kW; 85 hp) 108 N⋅m (80 lb⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm 13.9 s 160 km/h (99 mph) 180 g/km China, from 2009

Copying controversy

edit
 
The Chevrolet Matiz/Spark (left) and the Chery QQ (right): The design of QQ is a copy of the original Matiz/Spark.

The Chery QQ3, then known as the Chery QQ, became the center of an industrial copyright and intellectual rights controversy, as GM claimed the car was a copy of the Daewoo Matiz. GM executives demonstrated the extent of the design duplication, noting for example that the doors of the QQ and those of the Spark are interchangeable[21] without modification.

GM China Group indicated the two vehicles "shared remarkably identical body structure, exterior design, interior design, and key components"[21] MotorAuthority.com[22] and Car and Driver called the QQ a "carbon copy", while the International Herald Tribune, in a 2005 article, referred to it as a clone.[23]

The Detroit News reported that "the dispute reflects the confusion, risks, and ambitions in China's new auto industry, where global carmakers are battling pugnacious upstarts for a piece of what may become the world's largest auto market."[24]

Second generation (M200, M250; 2005)

edit
Second generation
 
Chevrolet Matiz (M200)
Overview
Model code
  • M200
  • M250
Also called
  • Daewoo Matiz Classic (South Korea)
  • Chevrolet Matiz
  • Matiz G2 (México)
  • Pontiac Matiz (México)
  • FSO Matiz (Poland)
  • Chevrolet Joy (Pakistan)
  • Chevrolet Taxi 7:24 Chronos
  • Chevrolet Chevytaxi (Colombia)
Production
  • 2005–2009 (South Korea)
  • 2007–2017 (India)
  • 2006–2009 (Pakistan)
  • 2006–2016 (Latin America)
Assembly
DesignerGiorgetto Giugiaro[citation needed]
Body and chassis
Body style5-door hatchback
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,345 mm (92.3 in)
Length3,495 mm (137.6 in)
Width1,495 mm (58.9 in)
Height1,500 mm (59.1 in)

In 2005, the Matiz received substantial modifications (M200), previewed by the Chevrolet M3X concept car shown at 2004 Paris Motor Show. The upper body was revised, based again on a design by Italdesign Giugiaro, the S-Tec engines were updated, and the car's drag coefficient was lowered, resulting in better fuel economy. The interior was also significantly revised, notably with a centre-mounted instrument cluster. The platform was also revised, with a twist-beam rear suspension system replacing the previous three-link beam axle, and the front suspension using cast, rather than pressed and fabricated lower control arms.

In 2008, the 800 cc engine was revised to fall below the 120 g/km level, thus qualifying for the UK's £35 road tax band and no London congestion charge.

In Europe, it was marketed under the names Chevrolet Matiz and Chevrolet Spark. In Italy, the LPG version was called Chevrolet Matiz Eco Logic; it was built from 2007 to 2010 in over 60,000 vehicles by BRC Gas Equipment in Cherasco, Cuneo, Italy.

In South Korea, where it was marketed only with an 800 cc engine and following the introduction of M300 Matiz (Matiz Creative), the M200 Matiz was renamed to Matiz Classic Production reach 2.3 million worldwide during the first 10 years.[25]

As of 2011, VIDAMCO of Vietnam produces the Matiz M200 as the Chevrolet Spark Lite in complete knock-down (CKD) form at its Hanoi production facility.[26]

In India, the local manufacturer GM India produced two special editions of this generation - the Chevrolet Spark LPG, a version equipped with a sequential injection-type liquified petroleum gas kit, unveiled on the World Environment Day in New Delhi, and the Chevrolet Spark Muzic, introduced in 2009.

  •  
    Chevrolet Matiz (M200; UK)
  •  
    Daewoo Matiz M250
  •  
    Interior view with the centrally mounted dashboard console
  •  
    Pontiac G2 Matiz
  •  
    2013 Chevrolet Spark Lite (M250; Chile)

Safety

edit

Euro NCAP test results for a five-door hatchback variant on a 2005 registration:

Test[27] Score Points
Overall: N/A N/A
Adult occupant:       17
Child occupant:       30
Pedestrian:      13
Safety assist: N/A N/A

Engines

edit
Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) Top speed CO2 emissions Notes
0.8 I3 796 cc 52 PS (38 kW; 51 hp) 72 N⋅m (53 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 18.2 s 145 km/h (90 mph) 123 g/km
1.0 I4 995 cc 66 PS (49 kW; 65 hp) 91 N⋅m (67 lb⋅ft) at 4,200 rpm 14.1 s 156 km/h (97 mph) 133 g/km

Third generation (M300; 2009)

edit
Third generation
 
Overview
Model codeM300
Also called
  • Daewoo Matiz Creative (South Korea, 2009–2011)
  • Chevrolet Beat (India and Latin America)
  • Chevrolet ChevyTaxi Plus (Taxi version, Colombia)
  • Holden Barina Spark (Australasia)
  • Ravon R2 (CIS members, Ukraine)
Production
  • 2009–2015 (South Korea)
  • 2009–2023 (Uzbekistan)
  • 2010–2020 (India)[28]
  • 2010–2021 (Colombia; hatchback)[29][30]
  • 2018–2022 (Colombia; ChevyTaxi Plus)[31]
Model years2013–2015 (North America)
Assembly
DesignerTaewan Kim[33]
Body and chassis
Body style
PlatformGamma II
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,375 mm (93.5 in)
Length
  • 3,640–3,675 mm (143.3–144.7 in)
  • 3,995 mm (157.3 in) (notchback)
Width1,597 mm (62.9 in)
Height1,549–1,551 mm (61.0–61.1 in)
Curb weight1,070–1,090 kg (2,350–2,400 lb)

The redesigned Matiz (codenamed M300) was launched in 2009 and is based on the 2007 Chevrolet Beat concept car. Although sold globally as the Chevrolet Spark, in India, this model retains the Beat name from the concept car, as the second-generation Spark continues to be sold in this market. In some Latin American markets, the Beat name was also used, while Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru received it as the Spark GT. Prior to the 2011 elimination of the Daewoo marque in South Korea, the third-generation Spark was marketed as the Daewoo Matiz Creative.[34]

GM presented a pre-production version of the Chevrolet Beat carrying the Chevrolet Spark nameplate at the 2009 North American International Auto Show. The production version was announced at that show, but only the Beat concept was shown.[35]

The production Chevrolet Spark was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show.[36] It became available in Europe in the first quarter of 2010, followed by other markets worldwide, with US sales set to begin in early 2012 for 2013 model year. Production of the car started from December 2009 in Halol, Gujarat, India. It was launched in India in January 2010 as the Chevrolet Beat during Auto Expo in New Delhi.

With the M300, the original Suzuki platform was replaced by GM Global Small Vehicles platform, developed by GM Daewoo engineers.

  •  
    Pre-facelift (Europe)
  •  
    Chevrolet Beat concept

Concept

edit

The Chevrolet Beat concept car was unveiled at the 2007 New York International Auto Show alongside two other concept vehicles, the Trax and the Groove. The Beat is a three-door hatchback concept, derived from the Daewoo Kalos. It was designed by GM Daewoo in South Korea. It is powered by a 1.2 L turbocharged gasoline engine mated to an automatic transmission.[37]

In early 2007, GM conducted a poll testing the relative popularity of the Beat, Trax, and Groove concepts on a Chevrolet website,[38] with the Beat receiving nearly 50% of the vote, which ultimately determined the car making it into production.

GM displayed a prototype woodie version of the forthcoming Chevrolet Spark for the 2010 Paris Motor Show.[39]

This version was used as Skids vehicle mode in the 2009 film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen alongside the Trax. The car sports a Vertigo Green exterior paint job with the same hue carried over to the parts of the interior. Its profile is high at the rear and tapering down evenly to the front of the grille. Headlights that appear to extend all the way from the base of the grille to the base of windshield are LED type. It feature 17-inch wheels with matching green paint of the disc brakes. Twin taillights that extend upward to the back-up lights are also LEDs.

Facelifts

edit

The first facelift was revealed at the 2012 Paris Motor Show. It features a redesigned dual-port grille and front bumper, and restyled headlamp covers and fog lamps.[40] The North American model, launched for the 2013 model year, uses the facelifted styling. The first facelift model was launched in India in February 2014.[41][42] The facelifted Holden Barina Spark retained the existing front bumper, with its front grille being redesigned.

A second facelift was launched in 2017 for the 2018 year with a design inspired by the fourth-generation Spark (M400). Produced in India and Colombia, it is aimed mainly to developing countries.[30]

  •  
    First facelift (North America)
  •  
    First facelift (North America)
  •  
    Second facelift (Chile)

Beat sedan/notchback (NB)

edit
 
Spark sedan (Chile)

A four-door sedan version was unveiled in a near-production prototype form at the 2016 Auto Expo in India as the Chevrolet Essentia.[43][44] After GM halted domestic sales in India in 2017, the Essentia was ultimately cancelled for the Indian market. The model was instead exported to Latin America either in finished form or as knock-down kits (to be assembled by GM Colmotores) as the Beat or Beat NB (notchback).

The Beat and its notchback version were discontinued from the Mexican market in early August 2021, giving the production run from 2018 to 2021 model years. The Taxi variant of the Beat Notchback was available for the Colombian market until the 2022 model year.[31]

Spark/Beat Activ

edit
 
Chevrolet Beat Activ (Mexico)

A crossover-styled version is also available in South America as the Chevrolet Spark GT Activ or Chevrolet Beat Activ. The concept version was showcased at the 2016 Auto Expo in India,[45] however the production version was never sold in India as GM pulled out from the market. The production version is available in several Latin American markets starting from 2018.[46][47]

Markets

edit

United States

edit

The U.S. version of the third-generation Spark went into production on 16 April 2012, and arrived in dealerships in August 2012. Marketed as the Chevrolet Spark, the car uses a special up-stroked version of the "S-TEC II" engine (RPO code LL0).

The 2013 Spark was the fastest-selling car in the United States for July 2012, with just 6 days from when they arrived at dealers to when they were sold.[48]

For 2014, the automatic transmission is a Jatco M4M-CVT7[49] continuously variable transmission (CVT) and the final drive ratio lowered to 3.75.[50][51] The CVT gives better fuel mileage overall than the previous 4 speed automatic, and changing the final drive ratio from its previous 4.145[52][53] reduces engine noise and increases fuel economy on the highway while increasing noise and reducing fuel mileage in the city. Industry sources have commented on the ongoing reliability issues with the Jatco CVT transmissions.[54]

Domino's DXP
edit

The Domino's DXP (short for "Delivery eXPert") is a version 2015 Spark marketed in the U.S., which was customized by Roush Performance for Domino's Pizza where it was converted to a revival of a canopy express vehicle which was popular from the 1930s to the 1950s. Based on the mid-level 1LT trim of the Spark, the front and rear passenger seats are removed and replaced with storage compartments that can carry 80 pizzas, two 2-liter bottles of soda, and dipping sauces. The left rear passenger door is converted into a warming oven that can only be unlocked with the key fob or a button within the driver's door frame. The Spark's Chevrolet front grille is replaced with a custom-made black front grille with the "Domino's" logo, as well as a custom lower body kit, and all DXP cars have a custom Domino's-themed vinyl wrap with a lighted Domino's roof topper.

Production is limited to less than 200 units and once each car reaches 100,000 miles, it will be retired and returned to Roush, where it will be restored to stock form and sold as a used Spark (all four factory seatbelts and airbags are left fully intact, and covered by plastic panels).[55][56][57] Despite the intentions of Domino's to eventually retire the DXP and leave none remaining, several wrecked DXPs have been salvaged by private individuals with the intention of retaining them as rare cars when the rest of the fleet is retired. The situation has resulted in threatened legal action by a Domino's franchisee.[58][59]

Europe

edit

The third-generation Spark was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show.[36] It became available in Europe in the first quarter of 2010. Engine choices include 1.0- and 1.2-litre I4 engines. In Italy there is an LPG version of the Spark called the Chevrolet Spark Eco Logic with BRC Gas Equipment as of the end of 2009. This bi-fuel version is available with the 1.0 and 1.2 engines (both with 16 valves) with 113 to 119 g of CO2 emissions respectively. While the LPG cars are still available in Italy, in France the LPG versions were only available from 2009 until 2012.

India

edit

Production of the third-generation, badged as the Beat, started at Halol plant near Ahmedabad in Gujarat on 15 December 2009. It was launched in India on 5 January 2010, during Auto Expo in New Delhi. The Beat was marketed alongside the second-generation Spark, which was offered as a more affordable alternative. The Beat is powered by a 1.2 L S-TEC II engine capable of operating using petrol or LPG autogas, marketed as Smartech II. The engine was destroked from 1,206 cc to 1,199 cc for the Indian market due to lower tax imposed to vehicles with engine displacement under 1,200 cc.

In July 2011, General Motors launched the diesel version of the Beat in India.[60] The 3-cylinder, 936 cc turbo-diesel engine produces 62.5 PS (46 kW; 62 hp) and 160.26 N⋅m (118 lbf⋅ft) of torque, resulting in good acceleration and pick up. The 1.0 L, 936 cc diesel engine enables the car to reach 100 km/h (62 mph) in 16 seconds and a top speed of 142 km/h (88 mph). Chevrolet Beat Diesel offers mileage of 24 km/L (56 mpg) as per the ARAI test reports. The engine is based on the Fiat Multijet diesel technology.[61]

GM India was reported to build an electric version of the Spark or Beat with Reva Electric Car Company.[62] However, after the acquisition of Reva Electric Car Company by Mahindra & Mahindra, GM India dropped the plans, and planned its own electric version.[63]

In Auto Expo 2016 in February, GM India showcased the four-door sedan version of the Beat as the Chevrolet Essentia,[43][44] and a crossover-styled concept model as the Beat Activ.[45] Both models never went on sale in India as Chevrolet ceased sales in the country in 2017, however these models were exported to Latin America until 2021.

Mexico

edit

In Mexico, the third-generation Spark it was released in July 2010 as a 2011 model year, but did not replace the Chevrolet Matiz (formerly Pontiac G2 Matiz), which was sold until 2015. In mid 2017, the third-generation Spark received a facelift and it was renamed the Chevrolet Beat.

On 5 August 2021, the Beat was discontinued in Mexico due to the Talegaon, India, plant being closed, leaving the Aveo as their entry-level model in said market.[64]

Philippines

edit

In the Philippines, the third-generation Spark is equipped with 1.0 L and 1.2 L engines. It has 2 trims; the LS (5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic) and LT (5-speed manual). It was discontinued in 2015.

South Korea

edit
 
Daewoo Matiz Creative (South Korea)

The car was unveiled in South Korea as the Daewoo Matiz Creative at the 2009 Seoul Motor Show.[65] The Matiz version was renamed to Matiz Creative. The car has a 1.0 L S-TEC II engine with 4-speed automatic transmission. Sales began on 1 September 2009.[34] The Groove name used in one of the rejected concepts returned as a trim level.[66]

In 2011, the Matiz Creative is renamed as Chevrolet Spark, as part of phasing out the Daewoo brand in South Korea, making way for the Chevrolet brand.

Australasia

edit

In Australia and New Zealand, the third-generation Spark was released in October 2010 at the 2010 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney as the MJ series Holden Barina Spark. It was available in two trim levels, CD and CDX. It was discontinued in February 2018 to be replaced by the fourth-generation model.

  •  
    Holden Barina Spark CDX (Australia; pre-facelift)
  •  
    Holden Barina Spark CD (Australia; facelift)
  •  
    Holden Barina Spark CD (Australia; facelift)

Uzbekistan

edit
 
Ravon R2

The Chevrolet Spark was released in Uzbekistan in August 2010. It was available in three trim levels: L (1.0 L manual), LS (1.0 L manual/auto) and LT (1.2 L manual).

Russia

edit

The Uzbekistan-made Spark has been sold in Russia as the Ravon R2 since 2016. It was available with the 1.2 L engine and automatic gearbox.[67]

Safety

edit

The Korean-made Spark in its most basic Latin American market configuration with no airbags and no ABS received 0 stars for adult occupants and 2 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2014.[68]

The Indian-made Spark GT in its most basic Latin American market configuration with no airbags, no ABS and no ESC received 0 stars for adult occupants and 0 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2016 (one level above 2010–2015).[69]

Euro NCAP test results
Chevrolet Spark (2009)
Test Points %
Overall:      
Adult occupant: 29 81%
Child occupant: 38 78%
Pedestrian: 16 43%
Safety assist: 3 43%

Powertrain

edit
Model Engine Displacement Power Torque 0 to 100 km/h Top speed CO2 emissions Notes
Petrol engines
1.0 S-TEC II I4 995 cc 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) at 6,400 rpm 93 N⋅m (69 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm 15.5 sec. 96 mph (154 km/h) 119 g/km
1.2 1,206 cc 81 PS (60 kW; 80 hp) at 6,400 rpm 111 N⋅m (82 lb⋅ft) at 4,800 rpm 12.1 sec. 102 mph (164 km/h) 119 g/km
1.2 1,199 cc 80.5 PS (59.2 kW; 79.4 hp) at 6,200 rpm 108 N⋅m (80 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 115 g/km India only
1.2 1,249 cc 84 hp (62.5 kW) at 6400 rpm 112 N⋅m (83 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 11.3 sec. 130 g/km North America
LPG engines
1.2 S-TEC II I4 1,199 cc 80.04 PS (58.87 kW; 78.95 hp) at 6,400 rpm 104 N⋅m (77 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm 72 g/km India only
Diesel engines
1.0 XSDE I3 936 cc 62.5 PS (46.0 kW; 61.6 hp) 150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) at 1,750 rpm 16.0 sec. 145 km/h (90 mph) 108 g/km India only; introduced in 2011

Spark EV

edit
For Egyptian market Spark EV introduced in 2022, see Wuling Air EV.
Chevrolet Spark EV
 
Overview
ManufacturerGeneral Motors
ProductionJune 2013 – December 2016
Model years2014–2016
Body and chassis
Body style5-door hatchback
LayoutFront-motor, front-wheel drive
PlatformGamma II
Powertrain
Electric motor97 kW (130 bhp)[70] AC permanent magnet
Battery
Electric range132 km (82 mi) (EPA)[73]
Plug-in charging
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,370 mm (93.5 in)[74]
Length3,720 mm (146.5 in)[74]
Width1,600 mm (64 in)[74]
Curb weight1,356 kg (2,989 lb)[74]
Chronology
PredecessorGeneral Motors EV1
SuccessorChevrolet Bolt

The Chevrolet Spark EV is a limited production 5-door hatchback battery electric vehicle produced by Chevrolet from 2013 until 2016. The Spark EV was a compliance car specifically designed to meet the government mandate on automobile manufacturers to increase the penetration of electric automobiles into the fleet of all operating vehicles on the road in certain US states, but was not intended for broad adoption in the broader US market, nor produced and sold in quantities that would meet demand for such vehicles in the open market where no such government rules exist.[75][76]

In October 2011, General Motors announced the planned production of the Chevrolet Spark EV, with availability limited to select markets starting in 2013.[77] The production version was unveiled at the November 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show.[78] Within the framework of GM's vehicle electrification strategy,[79] the Spark EV was the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors in the U.S. since the EV1, which had been discontinued in 1999.[5]

Sales

The Spark EV was released in the U.S. in June 2013, with availability initially limited to the markets in California and Oregon.[6] The first vehicle was leased to a family in the Studio City neighborhood of Los Angeles.[80] The electric car went on sale in Maryland in the second quarter of 2015, the first East Coast state where the Spark EV was available.[81]

As of December 2014, U.S. sales totaled 1,684 units.[83] In April 2015, GM announced a price cut of US$1,650, to US$25,995 (equivalent to $33,410 in 2023) and simultaneously announced a new lease deal of US$139 (equivalent to $180 in 2023) per month, along with additional discounts ranging from US$1,000 to 3,500, depending on the state.[84] Sales jumped by approximately nine times, from an average of 100 per month to 920 in April 2015 alone, in response to the price cut.[85] The Spark EV was discontinued in December 2016, when Chevrolet began selling the Bolt, which had a much longer range and wider availability.[86] In total, it was estimated from incentive data that 7,371 Spark EVs were sold or leased to customers in the United States, including a few leftover vehicles in 2017.[82]

Retail sales of the Spark EV began in South Korea in October 2013.[87] The Spark was also available in Canada for limited fleet sales starting in 2014.[88]

Technical

The electric car was initially powered by a 21.3 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) battery pack supplied by A123 Systems.[5][89] In a white-paper, the nanophosphate material used in the cathode was touted as increasing battery life and safety.[90] In 2014, for the 2015 model year, the battery pack supplier was changed to LG Chem[71] and the chemistry was changed to lithium-ion (Li-ion) which resulted in a smaller capacity pack (19 kWh) while maintaining the same EV range,[91] which was estimated at 82 mi (132 km) with a combined (city and highway) economy rating of 119 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (0.176 kW⋅h/km; 0.28 kW⋅h/mi) under the EPA cycle for all model years.[92] The weight of the traction battery was reduced by 86 lb (39 kg) with the move to the smaller pack.[93] It is carried over the rear axle and is equipped with a liquid thermal management system.[94]

The Spark EV is equipped with a standard onboard charger that can accept AC power at a maximum rate of 3.3 kW.[95] When equipped with an optional CCS/SAE Combo Type 1 DC power inlet, the Spark EV can be fast-charged to 80% of capacity in 20 minutes. Using the onboard AC charger, charging time increases to about seven hours using a dedicated 240-volt charging station or about 20 hours using a standard household 120-volt outlet.[94] It is the first car in the United States to offer a CCS Combo inlet.[96]

The 2014 production version featured a 97 kW (130 hp) motor, providing 542 N⋅m (400 lb⋅ft) of torque.[72][97] The electric motor and final drive unit were assembled in GM's Baltimore Operations plant in White Marsh, then shipped to South Korea where they were fitted to the vehicles.[98] Alongside the new battery for the 2015 model year, torque output was reduced to 443 N⋅m (327 ft⋅lb) while power rose to 105 kW (141 hp) and the drive ratio was also changed from 3.17 to 3.87.[94][99]

Fourth generation (M400; 2015)

edit
Fourth generation
 
Chevrolet Spark LT (North America; pre-facelift)
Overview
Model codeM400
Also called
  • Holden Spark (Australasia)[100]
Production2015–2022
Model years2016–2022 (North America)
AssemblySouth Korea: Changwon (GM Korea)
Body and chassis
Body style5-door hatchback
RelatedOpel Karl//Vauxhall Viva/VinFast Fadil
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 5-speed manual
  • CVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,385 mm (93.9 in)
Length3,636 mm (143.1 in)
3,595 mm (141.5 in) (South Korea)[101]
Width1,595 mm (62.8 in)
Height1,483 mm (58.4 in)
Curb weight1,019–1,049 kg (2,247–2,313 lb)

The fourth-generation Spark, internally designated M400, was styled under the direction of GM Global Design Chief Michael Simcoe, debuted at the April 2015 New York International Auto Show and went on sale in the fourth quarter of 2015.[102][103] Mildly restyled and equipped variants were marketed as the Holden Spark in Australia and New Zealand' Opel Karl in Europe, Vauxhall Viva in the UK, and VinFast Fadil in Vietnam (produced under license). Variations included revised instrument panel, side swaging and a small quarter light in the rear door, displacing the high-mounted rear door handles of the Spark.

  •  
    Rear view

Powertrain

edit

In North America, at introduction, the fourth-generation Spark is powered by a 1.4-litre, 1,399 cc (85 cu in) LV7 DOHC I4 gasoline engine producing 98 hp (73 kW) and 94 pound-feet (127 N⋅m) torque. The Korean domestic version as well as Opel, Vauxhall and Holden variants used a 1.0 L engine producing 75 hp and 70 pound-feet torque.

Engines
Engine Displacement Power Torque (0-60)mph Top speed Notes
1.0 L 999 cc 75 hp 70 lb-ft 12.4 s 108 mph Korea and EU Only
1.4 L 1399 cc 98 hp 94 lb-ft 11 s

Markets

edit

United States

edit

In the United States, the Spark was available in four trim levels: base LS, mid-level 1LT, lifestyle-oriented ACTIV (available starting with the 2017 model year), and top-tier 2LT. Each trim level was available with either a standard five-speed manual transmission, or a continuously variable transmission (CVT).

Canada

edit

Canada received the LS, 1LT, and 2LT models. The biggest seller by far was the 1LT; 85 percent of Canadian buyers opted for an 1LT fitted with the automatic transmission.[104]

Mexico

edit

The Spark was launched for the Mexican market on 4 November 2015, as a 2016 model and only offered in the LT and LTZ trim lines, both of them powered by a 1.4-liter engine.[105]

2018 facelift

edit

In 2018, for the 2019 model year, the Spark received a mid-cycle facelift. Changes included a new third-generation seven-inch Chevrolet Infotainment 3 infotainment system, revised exterior styling, optional low-speed autonomous emergency braking (AEB) on selected models, and new exterior color options. In the United States, the facelifted Spark went on sale in the third quarter of 2018 for model year 2019.[106] For Mexico, the model was facelifted in October 2018 as a 2019 model, discontinuing the LTZ trim line and adding the Premier and Activ trim lines.[107]

  •  
    Facelift
  •  
    Facelift

Spark Activ

edit
 
Chevrolet Spark ACTIV

For the 2018 model year, GM introduced the Activ trim level between the 1LT and 2LT trims, including leatherette-trimmed seating surfaces, heated front seats, leather-wrapped steering wheel, aluminum-alloy wheels, unique black exterior styling elements, roof rails, rear liftgate badging, and ground clearance increased by 0.4 inches.[108] It was not offered for sale in Canada.[104]

Discontinuation

edit

Chevrolet discontinued the Spark after the 2022 model year.[109] Production ceased in August 2022.[110] The Spark was the United States and Canada's least expensive new car on sale.[111] Production for South Korea was scheduled to cease on 8 September 2022.[110] Supply chain replacement parts has ceased for 2014-2016 models.

Global marketing and manufacture

edit

Asia

edit

In India, it was launched in 1999 as the Daewoo Matiz. In 2007, General Motors India launched the Chevrolet M3X concept based third generation, as the Chevrolet Spark. In Japan, the Matiz was sold under the GM Daewoo brand through the Yanase Co., Ltd. dealership network, but was considered a "compact car" due to the length, width and engine displacement exceeding the Kei car regulations. In the Philippines, the Matiz was available during the years 1999–2000 through the grey market. In 2007, it was released under the name Chevrolet Spark. In Pakistan, the car was initially introduced as Chevrolet Exclusive in 2003. From 2005 to 2009 it was manufactured by Nexus Automotive (importers and assemblers of General Motors Korea and Daewoo vehicles in Pakistan) under the name Chevrolet Joy, which has now been replaced by the newer M200 series and is currently sold as the Chevrolet Spark. In Taiwan, the Matiz was sold under the Formosa brand between 2001 and 2009.

Europe

edit

From 1998 until 2004, the Matiz was sold in Europe under the Daewoo badge.[112] In 2004, it took the Chevrolet marque,[113] as well as the other South Korean models of General Motors, such as the Lacetti and Kalos. Since 2000, CKD kits have been supplied to UzDaewooAuto, FSO and Rodae, to be built and sold in Uzbekistan, Poland and Romania respectively. At the beginning of 2005, FSO began marketing the Matiz under their own brand. The Chevrolet Matiz were briefly marketed as the Chevrolet Spark in the UK.[114][115] The fourth generation was marketed in most of Europe as the Opel Karl and as the Vauxhall Viva in the UK until both were discontinued in 2019.[116][117]

Americas

edit

In Mexico, the Matiz was introduced to the market in 2003. The 2006 model was renamed to Pontiac Matiz G2. It was also sold as Pontiac Matiz and Pontiac G2. The Pontiac G2 was discontinued in Mexico after a short run of 2010 models as the brand was closed by General Motors. The new version was officially launched as the Chevrolet Spark in August 2010, and the Matiz continues to be sold alongside the Spark. An M300-based vehicle is currently in production in Brazil as a replacement for the Chevrolet Celta. In Colombia, the Matiz was imported by Daewoo distributors between 2002 and 2005 and then GM Colmotores began to assemble and sell it branded as Chevrolet Spark. In 2006, a taxi version called 7/24 was launched. In Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Uruguay and Venezuela, it is sold as the Chevrolet Spark. In Argentina, the first generation was sold as the Daewoo Matiz through Daewoo importers. The second generation was sold as Chevrolet Spark through Chevrolet dealers. Since 2011, the third generation is available. In Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, the former version is sold as the Chevrolet Spark, and the latest version as the Chevrolet Spark GT. In Paraguay, it was initially sold as Daewoo Matiz, but from 2008, it is sold through Chevrolet dealers.

In North America, the Spark was initially marketed in three trim levels, 1LS, 1LT, and 2LT, as well as the EV.

In Canada, the Spark has been marketed as the country's least expensive new car from the 2016 model year, with a starting price of $9,988. For that price, the base Spark does not include air conditioning, and comes with a manual transmission.[118] It competed with the similarly priced Nissan Micra (until that car's discontinuation in Canada as of the 2019 model year).

Africa

edit

In South Africa, General Motors South Africa (GMSA) announced on 2 October 2010, plans to manufacture the new Chevrolet Spark at its Port Elizabeth plant. The second generation Spark is still sold, though branded as a 'Spark Lite'.

Middle East

edit

In Iran, the Matiz was produced (first imported and later assembled) and known as Daewoo Matiz. In Israel, UMI (Universal Motors Israel) announced on 18 January 2011, the marketing commencement of the 1.2L Chevrolet Spark model.

Australasia

edit

Within Australia and New Zealand, the Spark was sold through the Holden brand. Sales commenced in February 2016, with two specifications launched. The LS was the base specification, which features steel wheels, central locking as well as Holden's MyLink infotainment system. Building upon the LS, the LT adds 15-inch alloy wheels, keyless entry and a rear view camera.[119]

With light car sales decreasing in Australia, Holden announced in April 2018 that they would discontinue the Spark in Australia. Although, it continued to be sold in New Zealand until the demise of the Holden brand in 2020.[120][121]

  •  
    Holden Spark (Australia)
  •  
    Holden Spark (Australia)

Sales

edit
Year United States South Korea Europe[122] Mexico[123]
Matiz/Spark Spark Spark EV Beat Matiz
1999 90,524
2000 104,481
2001 69,106
2002 58,640
2003 50,539
2004 79,409
2005 73,189
2006 61,456
2007 67,352
2008 65,562
2009 78,748
2010 73,769
2011 65,205
2012 12,385[124] 46,562 23,107 16,048
2013 34,130[124] 37,268 29,505 16,481
2014 39,159[125] 10,138 36,479 21,362
2015 32,853[125] 479 42,827 2 23,786
2016 35,511[126] 96 74,075 3
2017 22,589[126] 47,244[127] 2 46,990 40,220
2018 23,602[128] 39,868[129] 3 9,690 70,656
2019 31,281[128] 35,513[129] - 10,243 69,114
2020 33,478[130] 28,935[131] - 5,463 41,782
2021 24,459[132] 17,975[133] - 3,562 19,265
2022 13,710[134] 10,963[135] - 107

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b c Available in India only.
  2. ^ Available in the United States only.

References

edit
  1. ^ "GM's Holden Renames Barina Spark To Holden Spark". GM Authority. 26 February 2016.
  2. ^ Capparella, Joseph (11 March 2015). "European Opel Karl Previews 2016 Chevrolet Spark". Motortrend.
  3. ^ "Vauxhall Viva Reborn from Chevy Spark, Should Be Called Reviva?". Thenewswheel.com. 22 May 2014.
  4. ^ Kreindler, Derek (22 May 2014). "Viva Vauxhall! British Brand Adds Spark To Its Lineup".
  5. ^ a b c Schultz, Jonathan (12 January 2011). "Chevrolet to Sell Purely Electric Spark Hatchback in U.S." The New York Times. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  6. ^ a b Voelcker, John (20 June 2013). "First 2014 Chevrolet Spark EVs Now at CA, Oregon Dealers". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  7. ^ "기아 모닝 레이 | 쉐보레 스파크 2021 경차 혜택?". 프리카톡 (in Korean). 8 January 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  8. ^ 최, 경애 (19 October 2022). "(LEAD) GM Korea targets turnaround in 2023 with focus on exports". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Badge engineering". AutoWeek.nl. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  10. ^ "UkrAVTO Corporation. FSO". Ukravto.ua. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  11. ^ "Formosa in Taiwan". car-cat.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  12. ^ "Petrolicious Talks Episode 3: Automotive Designer, Fabrizio Giugiaro". petrolicious.com. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  13. ^ "1998 Daewoo Matiz specifications | technical data | performance | fuel economy | emissions | dimensions | horsepower | torque | weight".
  14. ^ "Daewoo Matiz: ambizioni mondiali con design italiano e cuore asiatico". Corriere della Sera. 21 April 1998. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  15. ^ a b "Daewoo Matiz specifications". Auto Types. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Best Selling Cars – Matt's blog " Europe". Best Selling Cars. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  17. ^ "Daewoo Matiz – caracteristici tehnice". Daewoo Automobile România. Archived from the original on 26 November 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  18. ^ "Ravon Matiz". Wroom.ru. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  19. ^ a b "Chevrolet Lechi to Be Sold Under Baojun Brand in China". GM Media: China (News release). General Motors. 15 August 2012.
  20. ^ "Daewoo Matiz | Euro NCAP – For safer cars crash test safety rating". Euro NCAP. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  21. ^ a b "China to Foreign Automakers: Drop Dead". Frank Williams. 16 August 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
  22. ^ "China Chinese Chery QQ – a carbon copy of the Daewoo Matiz". MotorAuthority.com. 6 July 2006. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  23. ^ Buckley, Chris (7 January 2005). "China's quest to sell cars in the U.S." International Herald Tribune.
  24. ^ "Chinese carmaker ambitious, controversial". Detroit News, Christine Tierney.
  25. ^ "10 years of Daewoo Matiz". Car-action.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  26. ^ Ellison, Edd (15 November 2010). "Vietnam Gearing Up for Rapid Auto Industry Growth". Ward's Auto. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011.
  27. ^ "Chevrolet Matiz | Euro NCAP – For safer cars crash test safety rating". Euro NCAP. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  28. ^ "GM ends India operations; Talegaon plant future hangs in the balance". Autocar India. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  29. ^ "GM Produces 100,000 Units Of Chevy Spark GT In Colombia". GM Authority. 8 April 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  30. ^ a b Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Chevrolet spark gt se despidió de colombia". Revista Motor (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  31. ^ a b "Chevrolet ChevyTaxi Plus". Chevrolet Colombia. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Chevrolet Spark celebrates first year of local production". Cars.co.za. 3 May 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  33. ^ "Chevrolet Spark: the design". Car Body Design. 4 December 2011.
  34. ^ a b "GM Daewoo Introduces New Matiz Creative Global Mini-Car". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  35. ^ Filipponio, Frank (13 January 2009). "Detroit 2009: Chevy Spark playing to a familiar Beat". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  36. ^ a b Nunez, Alex (10 February 2009). "Geneva Preview: 2010 Chevy Spark finally, fully revealed". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  37. ^ "Chevrolet Beat, Groove, Trax concepts debut". Leftlane. 4 April 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  38. ^ "Chevrolet Rolls Out Beat, Groove and Trax Minicar Concepts". Edmunds. 4 April 2007.
  39. ^ "Cowabunga, Europe: The Chevy Spark Woodie Wagon". Jalopnik, Matt Hardigree, 5 August 2010. 5 August 2010.
  40. ^ "Chevrolet Spark - third-gen facelift to premiere in Paris - paultan.org". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  41. ^ "Chevrolet Beat facelift launched at Rs 4.06 lakh - Chevrolet Beat facelift". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  42. ^ "Chevrolet Beat diesel facelift review, test drive". Autocar India. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  43. ^ a b Chevrolet. "Chevy Essentia & Beat Activ concepts unveiled in India". Motor1.com. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  44. ^ a b "General Motors to launch Chevrolet Essentia in India by March 2017". India Today. 12 December 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  45. ^ a b "GM India unveils Chevrolet Beat Activ Concept: 7 things to know - GM India unveils Chevrolet Beat Activ Concept". The Economic Times. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  46. ^ García, Gerardo (8 June 2018). "El Chevrolet Beat estrena versión Activ en México". Motorpasión México (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  47. ^ "Chevrolet Spark GT Activ Medellín". Autolarte (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  48. ^ Krebs, Michelle (15 August 2012). "New Chevrolet Spark Charges Out of the Starting Gates". Edmunds.com. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  49. ^ "Jatco CVT7". jatco.co.jp. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  50. ^ "2014 CHEVROLET SPARK SPECIFICATIONS". gm.com. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  51. ^ "2014 CHEVROLET SPARK SPECIFICATIONS". gm.ca. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  52. ^ "2013 CHEVROLET SPARK SPECIFICATIONS". gm.com. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  53. ^ "2013 Chevrolet Spark SPECIFICATIONS". gm.ca. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  54. ^ Chappel, Lindsay (2 December 2013). "Nissan presses Jatco to end CVT glitches". Automotive News. US. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  55. ^ "Domino's DXP". Domino's Pizza. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  56. ^ Gianatasio, David (22 October 2015). "Domino's Just Unveiled a Radical Pizza Delivery Car That Took 4 Years to Build". Adweek. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  57. ^ Krok, Andrew (15 October 2015). "Domino's unveils the DXP, the first purpose-built pizza-delivery vehicle". CNET. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  58. ^ Samcrac (4 March 2018). I Bought ANOTHER Wrecked Domino's Pizza DXP Car for $825. YouTube.
  59. ^ Tracy, David (17 March 2018). "Domino's Franchise Threatens YouTuber Who Restored DXP Pizza Car With Lawsuit". Jalopnik. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  60. ^ "Chevrolet Beat (diesel) to be launched in India on July 25". The Times of India. 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  61. ^ "General Motors launched Chevrolet Beat diesel in India". Unwireindia.com. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  62. ^ Yoney, Domenick (14 September 2009). "REPORT: Electric Chevy Spark to get its fire from... Reva?". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  63. ^ "GM Revamps Indian Electric Car Plans - EVWORLD.COM". evworld.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  64. ^ Miranda, Jonathan (5 August 2021). "Chevrolet Spark y Chevrolet Beat se dejan de vender en México ¿Qué viene? [The Chevrolet Spark and the Chevrolet Beat stopped selling in Mexico. What comes next?]". Autocosmos México. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  65. ^ "Seoul Motor Show 2009 Photo Spread I". Koreaittimes.com. 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  66. ^ "GM Daewoo Matiz Creative". Automobilesreview.com. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  67. ^ "Ravon R2". wroom.ru. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  68. ^ "Official results of the Chevrolet Spark - NO Airbags 2014". LATIN NCAP - PARA AUTOS MAS SEGUROS.
  69. ^ "Official results of the Chevrolet Spark GT / Beat - NO Airbags 2016". LATIN NCAP - PARA AUTOS MAS SEGUROS.
  70. ^ "2014 Spark EV Models & Specs". Chevrolet. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013.
  71. ^ a b Loveday, Eric (14 May 2014). "GM Shifts 2015 Chevy Spark EV Battery Manufacturing To In-House Facility". Inside EV's. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  72. ^ a b Shenhar, Gabe (20 June 2013). "First drive: The Chevrolet Spark EV shocks us". Consumer Reports. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  73. ^ Loveday, Eric (24 April 2013). "2014 Chevy Spark EV Gets EPA Range Rating of 82 Miles; 119 MPGe Combined". Inside EVs. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  74. ^ a b c d "2014 Spark EV Models & Specs". Chevrolet. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013.
  75. ^ "What is a Compliance Car?". Autoguide. 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  76. ^ "Fiat Chrysler Is a Textbook Victim of Disruption". Motley Fool. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  77. ^ "Chevrolet to Produce Spark EV All-Electric Vehicle" (Press release). General Motors. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  78. ^ Garrett, Jerry (28 November 2012). "2014 Chevrolet Spark EV: Worth the Extra Charge?". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  79. ^ Brinkman, Norman; Eberle, Ulrich; Formanski, Volker; Grebe, Uwe-Dieter; Matthe, Roland (15 April 2012). "Vehicle Electrification – Quo Vadis". VDI. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  80. ^ Voelcker, John (21 June 2013). "First 2014 Chevy Spark EV Sold: Why We Chose This Electric Car". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  81. ^ Voelcker, John (22 January 2015). "2015 Chevrolet Spark EV To Go on Sale in Maryland This Spring". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  82. ^ a b "Monthly plug-in EV sales scorecard: Historical charts". Inside EVs. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  83. ^ Cobb, Jeff (6 January 2015). "December 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015. See section "December 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
  84. ^ Voelcker, John (14 April 2015). "2015 Chevrolet Spark EV Price Cut To $25,995; $139 Lease, No Money Down". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  85. ^ Voelcker, John (3 June 2015). "Chevy Spark EV Electric Car Sales Suddenly Surged; Here's Why". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  86. ^ Burden, Melissa (31 January 2017). "Chevy axes Spark EV in favor of Bolt EV". Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  87. ^ Kane, Mark (30 October 2013). "Sales of Chevy Spark EV Now Officially Underway in South Korea". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  88. ^ Mohit, Surdas. "Chevy Spark EV Priced at $29,995 in Canada; GM Confirms Public Sales Will Start in 2014 UPDATE: Will Continue To Be Fleet Only". insideevs.com. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  89. ^ "Chevrolet to produce Spark battery electric vehicle for US and global markets starting in 2013 with A123 Systems pack; EN-V gets a Chevrolet badge". Green Car Congress. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  90. ^ "Nanophosphate®Basics: An Overview of the Structure, Properties and Benefits of A123 Systems' Proprietary Lithium Ion Battery Technology" (PDF). US: A123 Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  91. ^ Voelcker, John (15 May 2014). "2015 Chevrolet Spark EV Switches Battery Cells; 82-Mile Range Remains". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  92. ^ "Search Results: Chevrolet Spark, Model Years 2014–2016". fueleconomy.gov. United States Department of Energy. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  93. ^ Nedelea, Andrei (22 April 2022). "UPDATE: GM To Continue Offering Battery Replacement For Chevy Spark EV". InsideEVs. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  94. ^ a b c "Chevrolet Spark EV - 2016" (Press release). Chevrolet. 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  95. ^ Robinson, Aaron (21 February 2014). "2013-2014 EVs Compared: Spark, Focus, 500E, Fit, Leaf, Fortwo". Car and Driver. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  96. ^ Ingram, Antony (26 April 2013). "2014 Chevy Spark EV First With CCS Quick-Charge Port (As Option)". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  97. ^ Voelcker, John (15 November 2012). "2014 Chevy Spark EV Prototype Electric Car: First Drive". Green Car Reports. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012.
  98. ^ Voelcker, John (16 April 2013). "GM Now Building Chevy Spark EV Electric-Car Motors In Maryland". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  99. ^ Loveday, Eric (15 May 2014). "2015 Chevy Spark EV – Highlighting The Changes". Inside EV. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  100. ^ Hagon, Toby (2 April 2015). "Holden Spark to drop Barina name". Wheels. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  101. ^ "스파크(SPARK) 연비 & 제원 쉐보레 Chevrolet". www.chevrolet.co.kr (in Korean). Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  102. ^ Bruce, Chris (1 April 2015). "2016 Chevrolet Spark lights up New York". AutoBlog. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  103. ^ Ramey, Jay (2 April 2015). "2016 Chevrolet Spark rolls into New York auto show". Autoweek. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  104. ^ a b McEachern, Sam (9 October 2020). "Here's Why The Chevrolet Spark Activ Isn't Sold In Canada". GM Authority.
  105. ^ "Chevrolet Spark 2016: Precios, versiones y equipamiento en México". 4 November 2015.
  106. ^ "2019 Chevrolet Spark" (Press release). US: GM. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  107. ^ "Chevrolet Spark 2019: Precios, versiones y equipamiento en México". 19 October 2018.
  108. ^ Chevrolet Debuts Sporty New Spark ACTIVmedia.chevrolet.com › chevrolet › content › Pages › news › Nov › laas
  109. ^ "Chevy Loses Its Spark This Summer". MotorTrend. 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  110. ^ a b "GM Korea to discontinue Spark, Trax, and Malibu". Autotimes (in Korean). 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  111. ^ "Chevy Spark flames out: Canada's cheapest car gone after 2022". driving. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  112. ^ "Daewoo Matiz (98-05) – Review". Parkers. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  113. ^ "Chevrolet Matiz (2005–2010)". Honest John. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  114. ^ "CHEVROLET MATIZ (model family) – How Many Left?". UK: How Many Left. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  115. ^ "CHEVROLET SPARK (model family) – How Many Left?". UK: How Many Left. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  116. ^ "Vauxhall Viva 2021 review". motors.co.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2022. The Viva is a compact city car that was sold between 2015 and 2019 [..] the Viva was discontinued at the start of 2019
  117. ^ "Brands killing off small cars due to [EU] emissions regulations". Autocar.co.nz. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2022. The Opel Adam and Opel Karl have both recently been dropped
  118. ^ "GM Prices 2016 Chevrolet Spark at $6,880 ... In Canada". The Truth About Cars. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  119. ^ "2016 Holden Spark - Prices, Specifications and Features". The Motor Report. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  120. ^ "Holden extinguishes Spark". Motoring. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  121. ^ "Small Cars". Holden NZ. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  122. ^ "Chevrolet Spark / Daewoo Matiz European sales figures". carsalesbase.com. 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  123. ^ "Venta al público y producción de vehículos ligeros por marca, modelo, segmento y país origen". Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  124. ^ a b "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2013" (PDF). General Motors. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  125. ^ a b "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2014" (PDF). General Motors. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  126. ^ a b "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2017" (PDF). General Motors. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  127. ^ "GM Korea Reports Annual Sales of 462,871 Vehicles in 2018". 2 January 2019.
  128. ^ a b "GM U.S. Deliveries for Quarter 4 2019" (PDF). 3 January 2020.
  129. ^ a b "GM Korea Reports 2019 Sales of 417,226 Vehicles". 2 January 2020.
  130. ^ "GM 2020 Sales Far Outperform the U.S. Industry in Fourth Quarter and Calendar Year". 5 January 2021.
  131. ^ "GM Korea Reports 2020 Sales of 368,453 Vehicles, December Domestic and Export Sales Increase". 4 January 2021.
  132. ^ "Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra Deliver GM's 2nd Consecutive Year of Full-Size Pickup Sales Leadership in 2021". 4 January 2022.
  133. ^ "GM Korea Reports 2021 Sales of 237,044 Units". 3 January 2022.
  134. ^ "GM Delivers a Year of Firsts". GM Pressroom. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  135. ^ "GM's Korean Operations Report 2022 Sales of 264,875 Units, Up 11.7% Year Over Year". GM Pressroom. 3 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chevrolet Spark.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Spark&oldid=1257977707"