The Armed Forces Special Operations Division (AFSOD) is an integrated tri-services division of the Indian Armed Forces. The division is tasked to carry out special operations. The AFSOD draws personnel from all three special warfare branches of the Indian Armed Forces.[3]
| Armed Forces Special Operations Division | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 28 September 2018 (established) November 2019 – present (operational)[1] |
| Country |  India |
| Allegiance | India |
| Type | Integrated tri-services division |
| Role | Special Operations Forces |
| Size | 3,000 (estimate) |
| Part of |  Integrated Defence Staff[2] |
| Headquarters | Bengaluru |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander |  Maj. Gen. M.S. BAINS |
Indian Army Major General A. K. Dhingra, who is a war veteran from the Para SF, was appointed in May 2019 as the first head of the AFSOD. [4] The division is expected to be converted into a full sized tri-service command in future.
History
editOrigins
editThe Naresh Chandra Task Force was set up in July 2011 by National Security Advisor Shivshankar Menon to review the recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee, assess the implementation progress and further suggest new reforms related to national security.[5][6] The task force was led by Naresh Chandra, retired Indian Administrative Service officer, and comprised 13 other members, including Gopalaswami Parthasarathy, Air Chief Marshal Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy (Retd), Admiral Arun Prakash (Retd), Lieutenant General V. R. Raghavan (Retd), Anil Kakodkar, K. C. Verma and V. K. Duggal. The committee conducted the first holistic review of national security since the Kargil Review Committee and submitted its classified report to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 23 May 2012.[7] Among its recommendations, the Task Force recommended the creation of a cyber command, an aerospace command and a special operations command. All three units were proposed to be tri-service commands in order to bring the various special forces units of the military under a unified command and control structure.[8][9] The AFSOD is a downsized implementation of this proposal.[1]
The creation of the AFSOD was approved by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the Combined Commanders' Conference at Jodhpur Air Force Station on 28 September 2018.[10]
Initial exercises
edit- The division concluded its first exercise, code named 'Smelling Field', on 28 September 2019.[11] The exercise was carried out in the district of Kutch in the state of Gujarat.[12] The exercise was meant to help in ironing out, and subsequently addressing the challenges faced by the division.[13]
- The second exercise was, code named 'DANX-2019', was subsequently held in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The exercise aims for the mobilization and field manoeuvre to validate defensive plans of ANC HQ ensuring territorial integrity of A&N Island [14]
Organisation
editThe AFSOD will function under the Integrated Defence Staff.[2] Units from all the three special forces of the Indian Armed Forces will be stationed in the division.[3] The division is expected to be fully operational by November 2019.[1]
Role
editThe AFSOD is expected to serve as the main organisation responsible for carrying out special operations within and outside India.[2] They are expected to carry out missions such as targeting high-value installations and degrading the war-fighting capabilities of hostile nations.[15] The rationale behind the creation of this division is to pool the special abilities of each of the special forces units of the Armed Forces and enable them to operate together.[16][1] The division will also help in reducing operational costs, since it will enable each of the special warfare units to utilise common equipment.[11]
Components
editThe division is expected to have around 3,000 soldiers, though the exact number remains classified.[17] The main components of the AFSOD are:[3]
- Para (Special Forces): The Para SF is the special warfare branch of the Indian Army. They will form a major portion of the AFSOD.[18]
- MARCOS: The MARCOS is the special warfare branch of the Indian Navy. It is specialised in operations in a maritime environment, although it can operate in all environments.[19]
- Garud Commando Force: The Garud Commando Force is the special warfare branch of the Indian Air Force. They are tasked to undertake missions in support of air operations. They are deployed at important military bases and assets and conduct search and rescue missions during wartime.[20][21]
- Other systems: The division will be given operational control of transport aircraft, specialised weapon systems and surveillance equipment.[18]
Deployments
editJammu and Kashmir
editOn 24 November 2019, the AFSOD was operationally deployed for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir to conduct counter-insurgency operations in the region.[22][14]
See also
edit- Integrated entities
- Defence Planning Committee, tri-services command at policy level with NSA as its chief
- Chief of Defence Staff (India), professional head of the Indian Armed Forces
- Integrated Defence Staff, tri-services command at strategic level composed of MoD, MEA and tri-services staff
- Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands
- Northern Theatre Command (India)
- Western Theatre Command (India)
- Maritime Theatre Command
- Air Defence Command (India)
- Strategic Forces Command, nuclear command of India
- Indian Nuclear Command Authority, Strategic Forces Command
- Defence Cyber Agency
- Defence Space Agency
- Assets
- List of Indian Air Force stations
- List of Indian Navy bases
- List of active Indian Navy ships
- India's overseas military bases
- Other nations
- Special Operations Forces Command (KSSO) - Russian equivalent command
- Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) - U.S. equivalent command
- General concepts
- Joint warfare, general concept
- Minimum Credible Deterrence
- List of cyber warfare forces of other nations
References
edit- ^ a b c d Pandit, Rajat (15 May 2019). "Agencies take shape for special operations, space, cyber war". The Times of India. Times News Network. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ a b c "Major General A K Dhingra appointed as the first Special Operations Division Commander". Asian News International. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019 – via The Economic Times.
- ^ a b c Peri, Dinakar (16 May 2019). "Centre names officers for tri-service divisions". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ ANI (15 May 2019). "Maj Gen A K Dhingra appointed as the first Special Operations Division Commander". Business Standard India. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ Joshi, Manoj (22 November 2013). "Shutting his ears to change". India Today. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Joshi, Manoj (March 2014). "Policy Report: The Unending Quest to Reform India's National Security System" (PDF). S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "All eyes on Naresh Chandra report on natl security today". Rediff.com. 23 May 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Kanwal, Gurmeet; Kohli, Neha, eds. (2018). Defence Reforms: A National Imperative (PDF). Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. ISBN 978-93-86618-34-4. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Singh, Mayank (16 May 2019). "Formation of Indian armed forces' special operations unit begins, to have 3000 commandos". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "PM Narendra Modi attends Combined Commanders' Conference in Jodhpur". The Economic Times. 28 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ a b "Special Ops Division carries out wargames near Pakistan border". Asian News International. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ^ Negi, Manjeet Singh (29 September 2019). "Armed Forces Special Ops Division carry out war games near Pakistan border". India Today. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ^ Nayak Dutta, Amrita (28 September 2019). "New tri services special ops division, meant for surgical strikes, finishes 1st exercise today". ThePrint. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ a b "Army, Navy, Air Force Special Forces deployed jointly to hunt terrorists in Kashmir valley". Asian News International. 24 November 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019 – via The Times of India.
- ^ "Armed Forces Special Operations Division formed: The best of the Armed Forces". The Financial Express. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Philip, Snehesh Alex (15 May 2019). "India gets new Special Ops Division that can cripple targets miles inside enemy territory". ThePrint. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ Roche, Elizabeth (15 May 2019). "Govt initiates steps to create special forces division". Mint. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ a b Datta, Rahul (18 January 2019). "India to raise its own SEALs". The Pioneer. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "INS Abhimanyu". indiannavy.nic.in. Indian Navy. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "IAF to form commando force to protect airbases". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 1 October 2002. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ "Brief: Garuds (IAF Special Forces)". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
- ^ Negi, Manjeet Singh (24 November 2019). "Army, Navy, IAF special forces deployed in Kashmir to hunt terrorists". India Today. Retrieved 24 November 2019.