Many countries around the world maintain military units that are specifically trained to operate in a cyberwarfare environment. In several cases these units act also as the national computer emergency response team for civilian cybersecurity threats.
Albania
edit- Military Cyber Security Unit (Një e Sigurisë Kibernetike)[1]
Argentina
editArmenia
edit- Subdivision 1991 (1991 Ստորաբաժանում - 1991 Storabazhanum)[4]
Australia
editAustria
edit- Information Communications Technologies and Cybersecurity Center (Informations-Kommunikations-Technologie und Cybersicherheitszentrum)[10]
Azerbaijan
edit- Special Communication and Information Security State Service (Xüsusi Rabitə və İnformasiya Təhlükəsizliyi Dövlət Xidməti)[11]
Belarus
edit- Information Technology Specialized Company (Специализированную роту по информационной безопасности - Spetsializirovannuyu Rotu po Informatsionnoy Bezopasnosti)[12]
Belgium
editBolivia
edit- Cybersecurity and Cyberdefense Center (Centro de Ciberseguridad y Ciberdefensa) [15]
Brazil
editBrunei
editBulgaria
edit- Stationary Communication Information System (Стационарна Комуникационна Информационна Система - Statsionarna Komunikatsionna Informatsionna Sistema)[20]
Canada
edit- Canadian Armed Forces Cyber Command (CAFCYBERCOM), established on September 26, 2024[21]
- Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre[22]
- Army Reserve
- Cyber Group, 32 Signal Regiment[23]
- Cyber Group, 34 Signal Regiment[23]
Chile
edit- Cyberdefense Incidents Response Center (Centro de Respuesta a Incidencias de Ciberdefensa)[24]
China (People’s Republic of China)
edit- Ministry of State Security
- People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (人民解放军战略支援部队 - Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Zhànlüè Zhīyuán Bùduì)[25]
- People's Liberation Army Network System Department (人民解放军网络系统部 - Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Wǎngluò Xìtǒng Bù)[25]
- Unit 61489 (61489部队 - 61489 Bùduì)[26]
- Unit 61786 (61786部队 - 61786 Bùduì)[25]
- 56th Jiangan Computing Technologies Research Institute (第56江南计算技术研究所 - Dì 56 Jiāngnán Jìsuàn Jìshù Yánjiū Suǒ)[25]
- 57th Research Institute (第57研究所 - Dì 57 Yánjiū Suǒ)[26]
- 58th Research Institute (第58研究所 - Dì 58 Yánjiū Suǒ)[26]
- Cyberspace Security Academy (网络空间安全学院 - Wǎngluò Kōngjiān Ānquán Xuéyuàn)[25]
- People's Liberation Army Network System Department (人民解放军网络系统部 - Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Wǎngluò Xìtǒng Bù)[25]
China (Republic of China/“Taiwan”)
edit- Information Communication and Electronic Warfare Command (信息和电子战司令部 - Xìnxī Hé Diànzǐ Zhàn Sīlìng Bù)[27]
Colombia
editCroatia
edit- Cybernetic Domain Command of the General Staff (Zapovjedništvo za Kibernetički Prostor Generalštaba)[30]
Cuba
editCyprus
edit- Cyber Defense Command of the General Staff of National Defense (Διοίκηση Κυβερνοάμυνας του Γενικού Επιτελείου Εθνικής Άμυνας - Dioíkisi Kyvernoámynas tou Genikoú Epiteleíou Ethnikís Ámynas)[33]
Czech Republic
edit- National Cyber Operations Centre (Národní Centrum Kybernetických Operací)[34]
Denmark
edit- The defense intelligence service
- Center for Cyber Security (Center for Cybersikkerhed)[36]
Dominican Republic
edit- Armed Forces Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cybersecurity and Intelligence Center (Centro de Comando, Control, Comunicaciones, Computadoras, Ciberseguridad e Inteligencia de las Fuerzas Armadas)[37]
Ecuador
edit- Cyberdefense Command (Comando de Ciberdefensa)[28]
Estonia
edit- Cyber Command (Küberväejuhatus)[38]
- Defence League Cyberdefense Unit (Kaitseliidu Küberkaitse Űksus)[39]
Finland
edit- Defense Forces Command System Center (Puolustusvoimien Johtamisjärjestelmäkeskus)[40]
France
edit- Inter-service
- Cyberdefence Command (Commandement de la Cyberdéfense)[41]
- Armed Forces Cyberdefence Group (Groupement de la Cyberdéfense des Armées)[41]
- Information Systems Security Audit Center (Centre d’Audits de la Sécurité des Systèmes d’Information)[41]
- Defensive Computer Fighting Analysis Center (Centre d’Analyse en Lutte Informatique Défensive)[41]
- Cyber Operational Readiness Center (Centre Cyber de Préparation Opérationnelle)[41]
- Main Inter-services Standardization Center(Centre d’Homologation Principale Interarmées)[41]
- Armed Forces Cyberdefence Group (Groupement de la Cyberdéfense des Armées)[41]
- Cyberdefence Command (Commandement de la Cyberdéfense)[41]
- Army
- Navy
- Cyber Defense Support Center (Centre Support de Cyber-Défense)[44]
- Cyber Defense Platoon, Commando Kieffer (Section de Cyberdéfense, Commando Kieffer)[45]
- Air Force
- Aerospace Environment Cyberdefence Center of Excellence (Centre d’Excellence en Cyberdéfense du Milieu Aérospatial)[46]
Georgia
edit- Cyber Security Bureau[47]
Germany
edit- Cyber and Information Domain Command (Kommando Cyber- und Informationsraum)[48]
- Armed Forces Information Technology Command (Kommando Informationstechnik der Bundeswehr)[49]
- Armed Forces Cyber Security Center (Zentrum für Cyber-Sicherheit der Bundeswehr)[50]
- Strategic Reconnaissance Command (Kommando Strategische Aufklärung)[51]
- Cyber Operations Center (Zentrum Cyber-Operationen)[52]
- Armed Forces Information Technology Command (Kommando Informationstechnik der Bundeswehr)[49]
Greece
edit- Cyber Defense Directorate of the General Staff of National Defense (Διεύθυνση Κυβερνοάμυνας του Γενικού Επιτελείου Εθνικής Άμυνας - Diéfthynsi Kyvernoámynas tou Genikoú Epiteleíou Ethnikís Ámynas)[53]
Guatemala
edit- Computing and Technology Command (Comando de Informática y Tecnología)[54]
Hungary
edit- Cyber Defense Center - Military National Security Service (Kibervédelmi Központ - Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat)[55]
India
editIndonesia
edit- Inter-service
- Indonesian National Armed Forces Cyber Unit (Satuan Siber Tentara Nasional Indonesia)[58]
- Army
- Army Cypher and Cyber Center (Pusat Sandi dan Siber Angkatan Darat)[59]
- Navy
- Navy Security and Cypher Service (Dinas Pengamanan dan Persandian Angkatan Laut)
- Navy Cyber Unit (Satuan Siber TNI-AL)[60]
- Navy Security and Cypher Service (Dinas Pengamanan dan Persandian Angkatan Laut)
- Air Force
- Air Force Security and Cypher Service (Dinas Pengamanan dan Persandian Angkatan Udara)
Iran
edit- Cyber Defense Command (قرارگاه دفاع سایبری; - Gharargah-e Defa-e Saiberi)[63]
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Cyber Command
Ireland
edit- Communications and Information Services Corps (An Cór Seirbhísí Cumarsáide agus Eolais)[64]
Israel
edit- Inter-services
- C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate[65]
- Unit 8200 (יחידה 8200 - Yehida Shmonae Matayim)[66]
- Air Force
- Unit "Horizon 324" (יחידת "אופק 324 - Yehidat "Ofek 324" )[67]
Italy
editInter-service
- Network Operations Command (Comando per le Operazioni in Rete)[68]
- Cybernetic Security Unit (Reparto Sicurezza Cibernetica)[70]
- Computer Incident Response Team - 3rd Signal Regiment (Nucleo CIRT - 3° Reggimento Trasmissioni)[71]
- Computer Incident Response Team - 32nd Signal Regiment (Nucleo CIRT - 32° Reggimento Trasmissioni)[71]
- Computer Incident Response Team - 46th Signal Regiment (Nucleo CIRT - 46° Reggimento Trasmissioni)[71]
- Cybernetic, Informatic and Signal Security Office (Ufficio Sicurezza Cibernetica, Informatica e delle Comunicazioni)[72]
- Automated Information Systems Unit (Reparto Sistemi Informativi Automatizzati)[73]
Japan
edit- Japan Air Self-Defense Force (航空自衛隊 - Kōkū Jieitai)[74]
- Self Defence Force Command and Communication System Department (自衛隊指揮通信システム隊 - Jieitai Shiki Tsūshin Shisutemu-Tai)[75]
Jordan
edit- Armed Forces Computer Emergency Response Team[78]
Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea/“North Korea”)
edit- Research Institute 110 (110호 연구소 - 110ho Yeonguso)[79]
General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army:[80][81][82][83][84]
- Operation Bureau[80][83]
- Communications Bureau[80][83]
- Electronic Warfare Bureau[80][83]
- Enemy Collapse Sabotage Bureau:[80][83][b]
- Unit 204[c]
- Command Automation Bureau/Department:[d]
Reconnaissance General Bureau:[e]
- Bureau 325 (stealing information on vaccine technology related to COVID-19)[90]
- Bureau 121 (network attacks and exfiltration operations)[80][81][87][82][83]
- Computer Technology Research Lab[83]
- 6th Technical Bureau of the Reconnaissance General Bureau[90][87]
- 3rd Bureau of the RGB (AKA 3rd Technical Surveillance Bureau, responsible for North Korea's cyber operations)[88]
- 110th Research Center[88]
Others:
- The Data Investigation Examination Office (conducts cyber espionage to collect intelligence on politics, economics, and societies abroad)[81]
- KWP's Unification and United Front Department (cyber influence operations through social media and websites such as Uriminzokkiri, which is maintained by the party's Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland.[81])
- The KWP Central Party Investigative Group[86]
- The State Security Department's (secret police) communications monitoring and computer hacking group conducts cyber warfare, presumably in support of its mission of internal state security.[82][81]
Korea (Republic of Korea/“South Korea”)
edit- Cyber Operations Command (사이버 작전 사령부 - Saibeo Jagjeon Salyeongbu)[93]
Latvia
edit- National Guard Cyber Defence Unit (Zemessardzes Kiberaizsardzības Vienība)[95]
Lithuania
edit- Army Cyber Incidents Rapid Response Command (Kariuomenės Greitojo Reagavimo Į Kibernetinius Incidentus Komanda)[96]
Malaysia
edit- Cyber and Electromagnetic Command (Pemerintahan Siber dan Elektromagnetik)[97]
Mexico
edit- Cyberspace Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones del Ciberespacio)[98]
- Cybersecurity Unit (Unidad de Ciberseguridad)[99]
Moldova
editMorocco
edit- Royal Armed Forces Cyber Center of Excellence[102]
NATO
edit- Cyber Operations Centre[103]
- NATO Cyber Range[104]
- Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence[105]
- European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats[106]
Netherlands
edit- Defense Cyber Command (Defensie Cyber Commando)[107]
- Defense Cyber Security Centre [108]
- Joint Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) Cyber Unit[109]
New Zealand
edit- Cyber Cell, 1st Command Support Regiment[110]
Nigeria
edit- Cyber Warfare Command[111]
Norway
edit- Cyber Defence Force (Cyberforsvarets)[112]
- Cyber Defense Computer Information Services (CIS) Regiment (Cyberforsvarets CIS-regiment) [112]
- Cyber Security Center (Cybersikkerhetssenteret) [112]
- Cyber Defense Weapons School (Cyberforsvarets Våpenskole) [112]
- Cyber Defense Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Service (Cyberforsvarets IKT-tjenester) [112]
- Cyber Defense Base and Alarm Service (Cyberforsvarets Base- og Alarmtjenester) [112]
Paraguay
edit- General Directorate of Information and Communication Technologies of the Armed Forces (Dirección General de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación de las Fuerzas Armadas)[113]
Peru
edit- Cyberdefense Operational Command (Comando Operacional de Ciberdefensa)[114]
Philippines
edit- Army Cyber Defense Team[115]
Poland
edit- Cybernetic Operations Center (Centrum Operacji Cybernetycznych)[116]
- National Center for Cyberspace Security (Narodowe Centrum Bezpieczeństwa Cyberprzestrzeni)[117]
- Defense Ministry Coordination Center for Computer Incident Response - Military Counterintelligence Service (Centrum Koordynacyjnego Systemu Reagowania na Incydenty Komputerowe Obrony Narodowej - Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego)[118]
- Cyberspace Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni)[119]
Portugal
edit- Cyberdefense Center - Armed Forces General Staff (Centro de Ciberdefesa – Estado Maior General das Forças Armadas)[120]
Romania
editRussian Federation
edit- Information Operations Troops (Войска информационных операций - Voyska Informatsionnykh Operatsiy)[123]
- Western Military District Cybersecurity Center (Западный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Zapadnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[124]
- Southern Military District Cybersecurity Center (Южный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Yuzhnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[124]
- Central Military District Cybersecurity Center (Центральный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Tsentral'nyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[124]
- Eastern Military District Cybersecurity Center (Восточный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Vostochnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[124]
- Joint Strategic Command “Northern Fleet” Cybersecurity Center (Объединённое стратегическое командование “Северный флот” центр киберзащиты - Ob"yedinonnoye Strategicheskoye Komandovaniye “Severnyy flot” Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[124]
- Special Development Center of the Ministry of Defense (Центр специальных разработок Министерства обороны - Tsentr Spetsial'nykh Razrabotok Ministerstva Oborony)[125]
- 6th Directorate - General Directorate of the General Staff (Шестое Управление-Главное управление Генерального штаба - Shestoye Upravleniye-Glavnoye Upravleniye General'nogo Shtaba)[126]
- 85th Special Service Main Center – Military Unit 26165 (85-й главный центр специальной службы-Военная часть 26165 - 85-y Glavnyy Tsentr Spetsial'noy Sluzhby-Voyennaya Chast' 26165)[127]) [128]
- Special Technologies Main Center – Military Unit 74455 (Главный центр специальных технологий-Военная часть 74455 - Glavnyy Tsentr Spetsial'nykh Tekhnologiy-Voyennaya Chast' 74455)[129]
Serbia
edit- 224th Center for Electronic Action (224. Центар за електронска дејства - 224. Centar za Elektronska Dejstva)[130]
Singapore
edit- Defence Cyber Organisation[131]
- Cyber Defence School[132]
- Cyber Defence Group[133]
- Digital and Intelligence Service[134]
Slovakia
edit- Military Intelligence Cybernetic Defense Center (Centrum pre Kybernetickú Obranu - Vojenského Spravodajstva )[135]
South Africa
edit- Directorate Information Warfare[136]
Slovenia
edit- Communication and Information Systems Unit (Enota za Komunikacijske in Informacijske Sisteme)[137]
- Cyber Defence Centre (Center za Kibernetsko Obrambo)
- Threat Research Centre (Center za Raziskovanje Groženj)
Spain
editInter-service
- Joint Cyberspace Command (Mando Conjunto del Ciberespacio)[138]
- Army
- 32nd Electronic Warfare Regiment (Regimiento de Guerra Electrónica nº 32)[140]
- Navy
- Cyberdefense Section (Sección de Ciberdefensa)[141]
- Air Force
- Cyberdefense Security Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones de Seguridad de Ciberdefensa)[142]
Sri Lanka
edit- Ministry of Defence Cyber Operations Centre (MoD COC) - SLAF Colombo
- 12th Regiment (Cyber Security), Sri Lanka Signal Corps[143]
Sweden
editSwitzerland
edit- Command Support Base (Führungsunterstützungsbasis - Base d'Aide au Commandement - Base d'Aiuto alla Condotta)[145]
- Cyber Security Division
- Cyber Fusion Center
- Cyber Battalion 42
Thailand
edit- Army Cyber Center (ศูนย์ไซเบอร์กองทัพบก - Ṣ̄ūny̒ Sịbexr̒ Kxngthạph Bk)[146]
Turkey
editUkraine
edit- Command of the Communications and Cyber Security Troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Командування військ зв’язку та кібернетичної безпеки Збройних Сил України - Komanduvannya vijsk zvyazku ta kibernetychnoyi bezpeky Zbroynykh Syl Ukrayiny)[149]
United Kingdom
edit- Cyber Defence Operations Center[152]
- Air Cyber and Information Services Operations Centre[153]
- No. 5 (Information Services) Squadron[154]
- 591 Defensive Cyber Air Combat Service Support Unit[153]
Inter-service
- Joint Forces Cyber Group[155]
- Joint Cyber Unit (Cheltenham)[155]
- Joint Cyber Unit (Corsham)[155]
- Cyber Information Systems Operations Centre[151]
- Cyber Security Operations Centre[155]
- Defense Cyber School[156]
- Joint Cyber Unit (Reserve)[157]
- Army Reserve
- Land Information Assurance Group (Reserve)[158]
- 254th Specialist Group Information Services (SIGIS) Signal Squadron, 15th Signals Regiment (Reserve)[159]
- Navy Reserve
- Reserve Cyber Unit[160]
- Royal Auxiliary Air Force
- Cyberspace Communications Specialists Section, No. 600 (City of London) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force)[161]
- Cyberspace Communications Specialists Section, No. 614 (County of Glamorgan) Squadron (Royal Auxiliary Air Force)[162]
- Army Reserve
United States
editInter-service
- United States Cyber Command[163]
- Joint Task Force ARES[164]
- U.S. Army Cyber Command[165]
- U.S. Army Network Enterprise Technology Command[166]
- 1st Information Operations Command (Land)[167]
- 780th Military Intelligence Brigade (Cyber) “Pretorians”[169]
- U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence[171]
- U.S. Army Cyber School[172]
- U.S. Army Cyber Technical College[173]
- U.S. Army Cyber Leader College[173]
- Cyber Training Battalion - 15th Signal Brigade[174]
- Multi-Domain Task Force 1[175]
- Army Reserve
- Army National Guard
- 91st Cyber Brigade (Virginia NG)[182]
- 123rd Cyber Protection Battalion (Virginia NG)[183]
- 124th Cyber Protection Battalion (Virginia NG)[184]
- 125th Cyber Protection Battalion (South Carolina NG)[185]
- 126th Cyber Protection Battalion (Massachusetts NG)[186]
- 127th Cyber Protection Battalion (Indiana NG)[187]
- Cyber Protection Team 169 (Maryland NG)[188]
- Cyber Protection Team 170 (Georgia NG)[189]
- Cyber Protection Team 171 (California NG)[190]
- Cyber Protection Team 172 (Michigan NG)[191]
- Cyber Protection Team 173 (New York NG)[192]
- Cyber Protection Team 174 (Colorado and Utah NG)[193][194]
- Cyber Protection Team 175 (Alabama, Kentucky and Tennessee NG)[195]
- Cyber Protection Team 176 (Illinois and Wisconsin NG)[196][197]
- Cyber Protection Team 177 (Minnesota NG)[198]
- Cyber Protection Team 178 (Mississippi NG)[199]
- Cyber Protection Team 179 (Nebraska NG)[200]
- Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Colorado NG)[201]
- Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Florida NG)[202]
- Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Oklahoma NG)[203]
- Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Pennsylvania NG)[204]
- Defensive Cyber Operations Element (West Virginia NG)[205]
- Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Ohio NG)[206]
- Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Hawaii NG)[207]
- Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Washington NG)[208]
- 91st Cyber Brigade (Virginia NG)[182]
- 56th Theater Information Operations Group (WA ARNG)[209]
- Sixteenth Air Force (Air Force Cyber)[213]
- Cyberspace Capabilities Center[214]
- 67th Cyberspace Wing[215]
- 67th Operations Support Squadron (ACC)[216]
- 67th Cyberspace Operations Group[215]
- 318th Cyberspace Operations Group[223]
- 39th Information Operations Squadron[224]
- 90th Cyberspace Operations Squadron ”Shadow Warriors”[225]
- 318th Range Squadron[226]
- 346th Test Squadron[227]
- 567th Cyberspace Operations Group[228]
- 92nd Cyberspace Operations Squadron[229]
- 834th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[230]
- 835th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[231]
- 837th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[232]
- 867th Cyberspace Operations Group[233]
- 315th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[234]
- 341st Cyberspace Operations Squadron[235]
- 833rd Cyberspace Operations Squadron[236]
- 836th Cyberspace Operations Squadron[237]
- 688th Cyberspace Wing[238]
- 688th Operations Support Squadron[239]
- 26th Cyberspace Operations Group[240]
- 690th Cyberspace Operations Group[243]
- Air Force Materiel Command
- Air Force Institute of Technology
- Air Force Reserve
- 960th Cyberspace Wing[254]
- 860th Cyberspace Operations Group[255]
- 960th Cyberspace Operations Group[259]
- 960th Cyberspace Wing[254]
- Air National Guard
- 179th Cyberspace Wing (Ohio ANG)[263]
- 175th Cyberspace Operations Group (Maryland ANG)[264]
- 184th Cyberspace Operations Group (Kansas ANG) [266]
- 127th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Kansas ANG)[267]
- 177th Information Warfare Aggressor Squadron “Jayhawkers” (Kansas ANG)[266]
- 299th Network Operations Security Squadron (Kansas ANG)[266]
- 252d Cyberspace Operations Group (Washington ANG)[268]
- 102nd Network Warfare Squadron (Rhode Island ANG)[271]
- 112th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Pennsylvania ANG)[272]
- 119th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Tennessee ANG)[273]
- 140th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (New Jersey ANG) [274]
- 166th Network Warfare Squadron (Delaware ANG)[275]
- 168th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Iowa ANG)[276]
- 185th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Virginia ANG)[277]
- 224th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Idaho ANG)[278]
- 229th Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Vermont ANG)[279]
- 261st Cyberspace Operations Squadron (California ANG)[280]
- 272nd Cyberspace Operations Squadron (Michigan ANG) [278]
- 273rd Information Operations Squadron (Texas ANG)[281]
- Space Delta 6[288]
- 21st Space Operations Squadron[289]
- 61st Cyberspace Squadron[290]
- 62nd Cyberspace Squadron[291]
- 65th Cyberspace Squadron[292]
Uruguay
edit- Defense Informatic Security Incidents Response Team (Equipo de Respuesta a Incidentes de Seguridad Informática de Defensa)[293]
Venezuela
edit- Joint Cyberdefense Directorate (Dirección Conjunta de Ciberdefensa)[294]
Vietnam
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^ AKA 563rd Unit, conducts operations against populations in territories occupied by the KPA, assesses reactionaries, and seeks out KPA supporters.[85]
- ^ According to others, Unit 204 may be under: KWP United Front Department’s Operations Bureau,[82] Enemy Operations Department,[81][a] or Unification Bureau’s Operations Department[86]
- ^ cyber psychological and information warfare operations,[82][86] using phishing e-mails against the Korean military,[81] and research.[86]
- ^ AKA General Staffs Electronic Warfare Department, responsible for military communications, system penetration programs, and electronic warfare operations, composed of two brigade-level electronic warfare units with 600 staff members each, one in Sangwön, South P'yöng'an Province and one in Nampo City[81][82][84]
- ^ RGB; 정찰총국; military spy agency controlled by the regime’s Defense Ministry[87][86] and North Korea’s primary (foreign-)intelligence bureau/agency.[88][89]
- ^ collects intelligence and conducts offensive cyber operations penetrating adversary networks and infecting networks with malware[86]
- ^ Cyber attack unit[81] / headquarters of North Korea’s hacking operations[87][86] in Mangkyungdae district of Pyongyang.[86]
References
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