Wikipedia

8th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 8th convocation (Ukrainian: Верховна Рада України VIII скликання, Verkhovna Rada Ukrayiny VIII sklykannia) was a convocation of the legislative branch of the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's unicameral parliament. The 8th convocation met at the Verkhovna Rada building in Kyiv, having begun its term on 27 November 2014 following the last session of the 7th Verkhovna Rada. Its five-year term came to an end on July 24, 2019, marking the end of its tenth session.[1]

Ukraine Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
of the 8th convocation
←7th Verkhovna Rada 9th Verkhovna Rada→
Seat composition of the 8th Verkhovna Rada
Overview
Meeting placeVerkhovna Rada building
Term27 November 2014 (2014-11-27) – 29 August 2019 (2019-08-29)
Election2014 parliamentary election
Websiteiportal.rada.gov.ua
Members
423 / 450
(since December 9, 2014)
ChairmanVolodymyr Groysman
Andriy Parubiy
First DeputyAndriy Parubiy
Iryna Herashchenko
DeputyOksana Syroyid
Party controlCoalition

The 8th Verkhovna Rada's composition was based upon the results of the October 26, 2014 parliamentary election,[2] which was contested eight months after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution which saw the overthrow of the Yanukovych regime. Ukraine's head of state during the parliament's term is President Petro Poroshenko. Eleven parties were represented in the Verkhovna Rada, although only six of them surpassed the mandatory five percent election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.

On the first day of the parliament's session, five of the parliament's pro-European parties, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland, and Radical Party, signed a coalition agreement. Per the coalition agreement, the convocation of parliament was tasked with passing major reforms to ensure Ukrainian membership in European institutions such as the European Union and NATO, while dealing with the threat of further Russian aggression in the Donbass.

President Volodomyr Zelensky dissolved the 8th Verkovna Rada on 21 May 2019.[3]

Post-election developments

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Further information: 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election § Background
 
Results of the 2014 election per electoral district. "Pro-Ukrainian" parties are represented in yellow.

Prior to the parliament's official swearing-in ceremony, Volodymyr Groisman was the chairman of the parliament's preparatory deputy group, with Oksana Syroyid as deputy, and Pavlo Pynzenyk as the secretary.[4] Two deputies, Vitali Klitschko, and Ihor Palytsia rejected their parliamentary mandates to remain in office as Mayor of Kyiv and Governor of Odesa Oblast, respectfully.[5] Meanwhile, the parliament's preparatory deputy group adopted a resolution which accepted Nadiya Savchenko's handwritten letter stating that she accepted her parliamentary mandate. Savchenko was held captive by the Russian government from June 2014 until May 2016, after being abducted during the pro-Russian unrest.[6]

A total of 27 constituencies were not elected due to various events taking place in the country. A total of 10 constituencies in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and two in the City of Sevastopol were not elected due to the 2014 Crimean crisis and subsequent annexation of Crimea by Russia, while a further nine constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and six constituencies in Luhansk Oblast were not elected due to the ongoing War in Donbass. Elections in these regions can only take place after the re-introduction of Ukrainian control over these territories.

Major legislation

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Leadership

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Leadership (November 2014 – April 2016)

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On November 27, 2014, the parliament elected Volodymyr Groysman from the Petro Poroshenko Bloc as the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada.[13] The parliament's chairman, first deputy chairman, and deputy chairman are all unaffiliated people's deputies according to parliamentary procedure. Oksana Syroyid is the first woman to ever hold a deputy chairman position in the Verkhovna Rada.[14]

 
Volodymyr Groysman (from the Petro Poroshenko Bloc) worked as Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada.
 
Arseniy Yatsenyuk (from the People's Front) was re-appointed as Prime Minister with 341 votes.
Office MP Vote Since Parliamentary affiliation
Chairman Volodymyr Groysman 359–0–3[13] 27 November 2014[15] Non-affiliated
First Deputy Chairman Andriy Parubiy 313–23–4[16] 2 December 2014[15]
Deputy Chairwoman Oksana Syroyid
Faction leader(s) Yuriy Lutsenko 27 November 2014 Petro Poroshenko Bloc
Oleksandr Turchynov People's Front
Yuriy Boyko Opposition Bloc
Oleh Bereziuk Self Reliance
Oleh Lyashko Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko
Yulia Tymoshenko All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"
Group leader(s) Ihor Yeremeyev People's Will
Vitaliy Khomutynnik Revival

Leadership (April 2016 – July 2019)

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Office MP Vote Since Parliamentary affiliation
Chairman Andriy Parubiy 284-30-9[17] 14 April 2016 Non-affiliated
First Deputy Chairwoman Iryna Herashchenko 260-4-20 14 April 2016
Deputy Chairwoman Oksana Syroyid 2 December 2014
Faction leader(s) Ihor Hryniv 17 May 2016 Petro Poroshenko Bloc
Maksym Burbak 3 July 2015 People's Front
Yuriy Boyko 27 November 2014 Opposition Bloc
Oleh Bereziuk Self Reliance
Oleh Lyashko Radical Party of Oleh Lyashko
Yulia Tymoshenko All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"
Group leader(s) Ihor Yeremeyev People's Will
Vitaliy Khomutynnik Revival

Members

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Location of parliamentary factions in the 8th Verkhovna Rada:
  – Poroshenko Bloc
  – People's Front
  – Opposition Bloc 		  – Self Reliance
  – Radical Party
  – People's Will 		  – Fatherland
  – Revival
  – Unaffiliated
Main article: List of members of the 8th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada

Since November 28, 2014, the 8th Verkhovna Rada consists of a total of 420 people's deputies, which belong to one of six political party factions, two parliamentary groups, or the 38 unaffiliated people's deputies.[18] For the first time in Ukrainian history, the Communist Party has failed to gain representation in the Verkhovna Rada.[19]

Meanwhile, the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR), which had 40 seats in the previous parliament's convocation, did not participate in the election independently. For the 2014 parliamentary election, UDAR merged their electoral lists with that of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, being allocated 30 percent of bloc's electoral list.[20]

A large portion of the 8th Verkhovna Rada are freshman people's deputies who did not have any prior legislative service.[21] This convocation of parliament also has the largest representation of women in the Ukrainian parliament for the first time in history. While the women participation rate in parliament is lower than the 25.3 percent average of the OSCE member states,[22] 49 of the deputies in parliament are women (approximately 12 percent).[21]

Out of the newly elected deputies, 410 of them possess an academic degree; a further 144 deputies possess two or more such degrees.[21] Fifty-four deputies are currently candidates for doctoral sciences, while 27 of them already possess a doctoral degree.[21] The oldest member of parliament is the Opposition Bloc's Yukhym Zvyahilsky, who was elected from a constituency seat in northern Donetsk.

Parliamentary factions and deputy groups summary

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Bold indicates majority caucus.

 
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Petro Poroshenko Bloc People's Front Opposition Bloc Self Reliance Radical Party Fatherland Revival[a 1] People's Will[a 2][a 3] Non-affiliated[a 4]
End of previous convocation DNP[a 5] DNP[a 6] DNP[a 7] DNP 1 86 41 35 93 445 5
Seats won in 2014 election[23] 132 82 29 33 22 19 DNP DNP 96 423 27
November 27, 2014
(first session)[31][27] 		145 83 40 32 19 20 38 418 32
December 2, 2014[32][27] 147 420 30
February 5, 2015[27] 150 82 31 21 18 42 422 28
June 24, 2015[27] 144 81 43 22 19 422 28
October 22, 2015[27] 142 26 20 48 422 28
February 13, 2016[27] 136 23 53 422 28
April 11, 2016[27] 141 47 422 28
April 12, 2016[27] 145[a 8] 19 44 422 28
July 19, 2016[27] 142 42 422 28
September 21, 2016[27] 143 21 46 422 28
December 23, 2016[27][34] 142 20 24 18 48 422 28
September 10, 2017[27] 138 20 17 51 422 28
July 31, 2017[27] 135 25 24 19 55 422 28
November 22, 2018[27] 135 38 60 422 28
Latest voting share 32.7% 19.2% 10.2% 6.2% 4.7% 4.7% 6.2% 4.0% 12.1% 93.8% 6.2%
  1. ^ Revival was briefly called Economic Development in 2014. It was also a parliamentary group like People's Will until 2015.
  2. ^ People's Will is a parliamentary group. Parliamentary groups consist of non-partisan deputies or representatives of parties that did not overcome election threshold (i.e. Svoboda, Strong Ukraine, etc.).
  3. ^ The People's Will deputy group in previous convocation was known as Sovereign European Ukraine.
  4. ^ Parties that did not pass the 5% threshold of the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Svoboda (7 seats), Right Sector (1 seat), Strong Ukraine (1 seat), Volia (1 seat), and Zastup (1 seat) are part of non-affiliated.[23] After the 17 July 2016 constituency mid-term elections the parties UKROP and Our Land joined them.[24]
  5. ^ 30% of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc election list was filled by members of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR), which did not participate in the 2014 election independently. UDAR participated in the 2012 election, consisting of a faction of 41 deputies in the previous convocation.[25][26][27]
  6. ^ People's Front is a September 2014 split off from Fatherland; many current members of the People's Front were members of the Fatherland faction of the previous convocation.[28][29]
  7. ^ The Opposition Bloc consists mainly of former members of former President Yanukovych's Party of Regions,[30] which formed the largest caucus after the 2012 election with 185 deputies, although after the removal of Yanukovych and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the caucus consisted of only 78 members.
  8. ^ The addition of these four deputies made it possible for Petro Poroshenko Bloc and People's Front to form a government without additional parties.[33]

Coalition

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Main articles: Second Yatsenyuk Government and Groysman government

On November 21, 2014, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland, and Radical Party signed a coalition agreement.[35] The coalition consists of a total of 302 deputies, which is more than the constitutional majority required by the constitution. The coalition agreement prioritized on a number of key points, namely:[36][37]

Meanwhile, the parliamentary opposition consists of the Opposition Bloc faction, People's Will, and Revival. The Opposition Bloc represents politicians from the Party of Regions, which formed the Second Azarov Government and the majority caucus in parliament after the 2012 elections.

On May 17, 2019, People's Front exited the ruling coalition in order to prevent the incoming President from dissolving the parliament ahead of schedule.[38][39]

Committees

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On December 4, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada approved the composition of its 27 committees and one special control commission.[40][41] On December 11, 2014, parliament voted in favor of recalling all of the deputies who voted for the January 16 "dictatorship laws" of the previous convocation from their positions in committee leadership. Deputy Chairman Oksana Syroyid proposed this measure, which was adopted with 264 votes in favor.[42]

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of deputies in each committee and the special control commission

Calls for reform

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On December 11, 2014, the Yatsenyuk Government presented its course of action for the following year. It was proposed that the number of deputies in parliament be decreased to 150. According to estimates, adopting such a constitutional amendment would save ₴424 million annually (approx. US$26 million).[43] As part of a separate reform effort, the governing coalition proposed removing parliamentary immunity for deputies.

In the Verkhovna Rada, impersonal voting (referred to as button pushing, from the Ukrainian: "кнопкодавство") has been a serious problem in parliament for many years. The deputies of the current convocation to vote impersonally have already been recognized less than a week into parliament's first session.[44] Members of the nationalist Svoboda political party, which was elected into the parliament's previous convocation, proposed making deputies criminally liable for impersonal voting and banning them from holding any future parliamentary mandates.[45] Members from the coalition's Petro Poroshenko Bloc have also recognized the need to ban impersonal voting.[46][47]

References

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  1. ^ "Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України". iportal.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  2. ^ "Information about the election results in multi-mandate constituencies" (in Ukrainian). Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  3. ^ "Ukraine's leader takes office and calls snap election". the Guardian. May 20, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  4. ^ "Message". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. November 19, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  5. ^ "Palytsia refused his deputy mandate" (in Russian). Korrespondent.net. November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  6. ^ "Ukraine conflict: Russia charges pilot over deaths". BBC News. July 9, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  7. ^ "Ukrainian parliament appoints Yatseniuk prime minister". Interfax-Ukraine. November 27, 2014.
  8. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 5-VIII: Про призначення Яценюка А.П. Прем’єр-міністром України (On the appointment of Yatsenyuk A.P. as the Prime Minister of Ukraine). Adopted on November 27, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  9. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 9-VIII: Про формування складу Кабінету Міністрів України (On the formation of the composition of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of Yatsenyuk). Adopted on December 2, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  10. ^ "Rada abolished the neutral status of Ukraine" (in Ukrainian). Ukrayinska Pravda. December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  11. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 43-VIII: Про внесення змін до Закону України "Про Раду національної безпеки і оборони України" щодо вдосконалення координації і контролю у сфері національної безпеки і оборони (On the amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine" for improving the coordination and control of national security and defense). Adopted on December 25, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  12. ^ "Verkhovna Rada adopted the 2015 budget" (in Ukrainian). Ukrayinska Pravda. December 29, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  13. ^ a b Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 4-VIII: Про Голову Верховної Ради України (On the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). Adopted on November 27, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  14. ^ "Oksana Syroyid was elected as the Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada" (in Ukrainian). Self Reliance. December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  15. ^ a b "Management of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  16. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 21-VIII: Проект Постанови про обрання Першого заступника Голови Верховної Ради України та заступника Голови Верховної Ради України (Draft Resolution on the election of the First Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). Adopted on December 4, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  17. ^ "Парубій став спікером Ради". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  18. ^ "Deputy factions and groups of the VIII convocation". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  19. ^ Shuster, Simon. "Ukraine's Elections Mark a Historic Break With Russia and Its Soviet Past". TIME. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  20. ^ "Pilots, battalion commanders, and journalists. Who belongs to the new Verkhovna Rada" (in Russian). Korrespondent.net. September 15, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  21. ^ a b c d "Parliamentary coalition is created as an absolute constitutional majority" (in Russian). Segodnya. November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  22. ^ "Women in Parliaments: World and Regional Averages". Inter-Parliamentary Union. October 1, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  23. ^ a b Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament, Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
    People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
    Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
  24. ^ (in Ukrainian)Data on vote counting at percincts within single-mandate districts Extraordinary parliamentary election on 17.06.2016 Archived July 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  25. ^ (in Ukrainian) Block Poroshenko and kick off to the polls together Archived September 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, TVi (2 September 2014)
  26. ^ After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions Archived March 17, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012)
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o (in Ukrainian) Депутатські фракції і групи VIII скликання Deputy fractions and Groups VIII convocation, Verkhovna Rada
  28. ^ (in Ukrainian)Yatsenyuk became a leader of the "People's Front" political council, while Turchynov is a head of its headquarters. Ukrayinska Pravda. 10 September 2014
    Ukrainian PM, Parliament Speaker to Head Newly Formed Popular Front Party, RIA Novosti (10 September 2014)
  29. ^ Ukraine's united opposition discussing formation of single party, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)(subscription required)
    Five factions, including Communist Party, registered in parliament, Kyiv Post (12 December 2012)(subscription required)
    Sobolev: Front for Change and Reform and Order Party to join Batkivschyna, Interfax-Ukraine (11 June 2013)
    Front for Change, Reforms and Order to dissolve for merger with Batkivshchyna - Sobolev, Ukrinform (11 June 2013)
    (in Ukrainian) Sobolev heads "Batkivshchyna" in the Rada, Televiziyna Sluzhba Novyn (20 March 2014)
    "Turchynov is summoned for interrogation to SBU today – BYUT". UNIAN. September 20, 2010. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
    "Batkivschyna to nominate Tymoshenko for presidency, Yatseniuk heads party's political council". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
    "BYT-Batkivschyna replaces its leader". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. December 7, 2011. Archived from the original on December 7, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  30. ^ Grytsenko, Oksana (September 21, 2014). "Allies of Yanukovych trying for parliament". Kyiv Post. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  31. ^ (in Ukrainian) In Parliament created a faction, Ukrayinska Pravda (27 November 2014)
  32. ^ (in Ukrainian) Two more deputies entered the Poroshenko Bloc faction, Ukrayinska Pravda (2 December 2014)
  33. ^ Ukraine: Lawmakers end session without new PM vote, BBC News (12 April 2016)
  34. ^ (in Ukrainian) Savchenko was expelled from the faction "Fatherland", Ukrayinska Pravda (20 December 2016)
    (in Ukrainian) Deputy faction Mishchenko out PPB, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 December 2016)
  35. ^ "Five political forces sign coalition agreement". Interfax-Ukraine. November 21, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  36. ^ "Five parties publicly signed the coalition agreement" (in Ukrainian). BBC Ukraine. November 21, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  37. ^ Hankevych, Roman (November 21, 2014). "Five parties signed the coalition agreement at night" (in Ukrainian). Zahid.net. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  38. ^ "Ukraine's Main Parliamentary Coalition Breaks Up Ahead Of President-Elect's Inauguration". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  39. ^ "Одна из партий вышла из коалиции и заблокировала роспуск Верховной рады". РБК. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  40. ^ "Committees of the Verkhovna Rada of the VIII convocation". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  41. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine decree No. 23-VIII: Про обрання голів, перших заступників, заступників голів, секретарів, членів комітетів Верховної Ради України восьмого скликання та обрання голови Спеціальної контрольної комісії Верховної Ради України з питань приватизації (On election of leaders, first vice-chairmen, secretaries, members of committees of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the eighth convocation and election of the Chairman of the Special Control Commission of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the issue of Privatization). Adopted on December 4, 2014. (Ukrainian)
  42. ^ "Rada removed those who voted for dictatorial laws from committee leaderships" (in Russian). LB.ua. December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  43. ^ "The Government is preparing a radical "belt-tightening"" (in Ukrainian). Ukrayinska Pravda. December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  44. ^ "In the new Rada, the first "button pushers" were caught" (in Ukrainian). Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (Mirror Weekly). December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  45. ^ "Deputies-button pushers should give up their mandates--"Svoboda"" (in Ukrainian). Vholos - Lviv. December 4, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  46. ^ "In BPP, it is proposed to remove mandates from button pushers" (in Ukrainian). Ukrayinska Pravda. December 3, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  47. ^ "Draft law on the recall of People's Deputies of Ukraine". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada. November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
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