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Korean name
Hangul	다듬이
Revised Romanization	dadeumi
McCune–Reischauer	tadŭmi
IPA	[da.deum.i]

Dadeumitbangmang-i and Dadeumitdol

Dadeumi - Korean women ironing clothes

Dadeumi(다듬이) or Dadeumijil(다듬이질) is Korean traditional ironing method where two women knelt on the floor, facing each other across a smoothing stone or Dadeumitdol(다듬잇돌), beating out a rhythm on the cloth to press out the wrinkles of the laundered cloth and soften it. Dadeumi is a unique to Korea. Dadeumi requires Dadeumitbangmang-i(다듬잇방망이) and Dadeumitdol. Dadeumitbangmang-i is a bat that pounds on the cloth. The stone under the cloth is called a Dadeumitdol. Also, the cloth is wrapped in the thick round bat, 'Hongdooggae(홍두깨)(wooden roller used in smoothing cloth)', and Dadeumi is performed. It is used to trim a thin cloth such as ramie fabric(모시) or silk.

History

The 18th-century book, Gyuhap chongseo(규합총서), details how to do Dadeumi and care for fabrics. It is estimated that it would have been used from the 17th to the 18th century. Since ancient times, in Korea, people thought it was a good three sounds to hear the crying of baby, reading a book, and the Dadeumi sound. These three sounds are called Samhuiseong(Hanja: 三喜声; Hangul: 삼희성). It is because the cheerful sound when doing Dadeumi remind people of healthy vitality, the diligence and stability of everyday life.

Form and characteristics

Dadeumitdol is made of granite, agalmatolite, marble, etc., and it is also made of solid wood such as birch wood or zelkova. It was made from birch wood in Chungcheongdo or Hamgyeongdo, and in this case it was called the Dadeumitdae(다듬잇대). The shape is a thick rectangle. The upper surface touching the fabric is made to be slightly wider and smoother than the underside so that the fabric does not hurt. There are four short legs on the four corners of the underside, and both of side have grooves for carrying. It is also called Chimseok(Hanja: 砧石, Hangul: 침석).

Dadeumitbangmang-i is a pair of two, made of wood.

Method

Making Dadeumitbangmang-i

First, dry the starched clothes. Then, make the clothes to wet with water by spraying it with mouth or hand. Fold the laundry soaked in water into the wrapping cloth, wait until the water spreads evenly, then fold it back. After that, place the laundry wrapped in a cloth on top of the Dadeumitdol and beat it with a Dadeumitbangmang-i. When there is one person, grab a bat in both hands and beat. When there are two people, sit face to face with the Dadeumitdol in the middle. After a certain amount of beat, repeat unfolding and folding, wrinkles of clothes spread and shine. Fabric such as fine silk is arranged on the Dadeumitdol in the primary, then wrap it in Hongdooggae and beat it.

Social and cultural significance

Korean did dadeumi in late autumn and winter. Until late at night, the sound of two people tapping the cloth to the tone with four bats was one aspect of Korean customs. Dadeumi also meant correcting the mind to the white-clad folk. In other words, it is sometimes referred to as an Ingochim(Hanja: 忍苦砧, Hangul: 인고침), which means that the pain of the heart that is too much to bear is tolerated with the Dadeumi. Each Dadeumitdol has a different tone. Because there is a favorite sound in each area, it is carved to make a unique sound like a percussion instrument. There are also colorful paintings and colored Dadeumitdol, and there are also Dadeumitdol with details of the dead. It was a reflection of the preference and culture of the time. Dadeumi was also useful for making cloth for windbreak. When making the hanbok, starched clothes and did dadeumi, the fibers spread and the starched clothes well so that the wind could be blocked well. Furthermore, the surface became less dirty because it became smooth and it was easy to wash because the dirt was falling well. In modern times, the range used in everyday life is reduced, but Dadeumi performances are performed at festivals.

Dadeumi in culture

There are Korean cultures related to Dadeumi. Sound of Dadeumi(다듬잇소리) is a poem by Muae Yangjudong(양주동 (1903년)) that depicts the lives and feelings of women who do Dadeumi. Yangpyeong folk song(양평민요) expresses a woman who does Dadeumi in simple language. There is also Dadeumi Nori(다듬이놀이) who competes to do better Dadeumi.

Sound of Dadeumi(다듬잇소리) - Muae Yangjudong(양주동 (1903년))

A Dademi sound of a neighbor.

The deeper the night, the more it gets.

It is pretty sleepy,

but it does not stop even if the cock crows.

If the good women talk about housework

and make their husbands' winter clothes carefully,

the body will be busy but the heart will be happy.

But in a difficult life,

aren't they beating on other people's silk clothes overnight,

whether their clothes are worn out or bare.

Yangpyeong folk song(양평민요)

Dadimi* Dadimi,

Yeon-Dadimi.

Playing over the shoulder.

Bakdal-bakmaeng* have an fortunate destiny,

so goes around on big baby's wrist.

(* Dadimi = dialect of Dadeumi)

(* Bakdal-bakmaeng= A bat made of birch wood)

Dadeumi Nori(다듬이놀이)

Dadeumi Nori is a play performed in Namwon city, Jeollabuk-do. The women sat face to face with the dadeumitdol in the middle and contested who was better at Dadeumi. The two people who sit facing each other change the method of fulling according to the pitch of the sound. It removes the boredom of Dadeumi. With the way of washing and the material of the cloth changed in the modern day, it is now rarely played.