Alpha
editAlpha level cities are linked to major economic states/regions and highly integrated into the world economy. Alpha level cities are classified into four sections: Alpha ++, Alpha +, Alpha, and Alpha − cities.
Alpha ++
editAlpha ++ cities are cities most integrated with the global economy:
Alpha +
editAlpha + are "other highly integrated cities that complement the Alpha ++ cities, largely filling in advanced service needs for the Pacific/Asia [region]":[1]
Alpha
edit- Miami
- Brussels
- Chicago
- Frankfurt
- Istanbul ( 1)
- Jakarta
- Kuala Lumpur
- Los Angeles
- Luxembourg City ( 1)
- Madrid
- Mexico City
- Milan
- Mumbai
- São Paulo
- Seoul ( 1)
- Sydney
- Toronto
- Warsaw ( 1)
Alpha −
editBeta
editBeta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy and are classified into three sections, Beta +, Beta, and Beta − cities.
Beta +
editBeta
editBeta −
editGamma
editGamma level cities are cities that link smaller economic regions into the world economy and are classified into three sections, Gamma +, Gamma, and Gamma − cities.
Gamma +
edit- Accra ( 2)
- Amman ( 1)
- Antwerp
- Austin ( 1)
- Chennai ( 2)
- Dar es Salaam
- Detroit ( 1)
- Guatemala City ( 1)
- Kunming
- Lahore ( 1)
- Lyon ( 1)
- Manchester ( 1)
- Minneapolis ( 1)
- Monterrey ( 1)
- Muscat ( 1)
- Porto
- Pune
- Rotterdam
- Qingdao
- San Diego ( 1)
- San Juan ( 1)
- Santo Domingo ( 1)
- St. Louis
- Suzhou
- Valencia ( 1)
- Zhengzhou ( 1)
Gamma
editGamma −
editSufficiency
editSufficiency level cities are cities that have a sufficient degree of services so as not to be overly dependent on world cities. This is sorted into high sufficiency cities and sufficiency cities.
High sufficiency
edit- Abidjan
- Ahmedabad ( 3)
- Algiers ( 3)
- Ankara ( 2)
- Asunción ( 1)
- Baltimore ( 3)
- Belfast ( 3)
- Bilbao ( 1)
- Birmingham
- Changchun ( 1)
- Cleveland ( 1)
- Curitiba
- Dammam
- Durban ( 2)
- Guadalajara ( 3)
- Guayaquil ( 2)
- Harbin ( 1)
- Kansas City ( 1)
- Kolkata ( 3)
- La Paz ( 2)
- Limassol ( 1)
- Ljubljana ( 3)
- Luanda ( 1)
- Maputo ( 1)
- Marseille ( 1)
- Milwaukee ( 1)
- Moscow ( 8)
- Nanchang ( 1)
- Nashville ( 2)
- Nassau ( 1)
- Ningbo
- Penang ( 1)
- Phoenix ( 3)
- Pittsburgh ( 1)
- Querétaro ( 1)
- Tallinn ( 1)
- Tegucigalpa ( 2)
- Ürümqi ( 1)
- Wellington ( 2)
- Yangon
Sufficiency
edit- Aarhus
- Aberdeen
- Abuja ( 1)
- Aguascalientes City
- Alexandria
- Astana
- Bandar Seri Begawan
- Barranquilla
- Basel
- Belo Horizonte ( 2)
- Bergen
- Bern
- Bishkek
- Blantyre
- Bologna
- Bordeaux
- Brasília ( 1)
- Bremen
- Bursa
- Cali
- Campinas
- Canberra
- Cebu City
- Cincinnati ( 1)
- Ciudad Juárez
- Christchurch
- Columbus ( 2)
- Des Moines
- Dresden
- Edmonton ( 2)
- Essen
- Foshan[i]
- Fukuoka
- Gaborone
- George Town ( 5)
- Glasgow ( 4)
- Genoa
- Grenoble
- Guiyang
- Hamilton
- Halifax
- Hanover
- Hartford ( 1)
- Hohhot
- Indianapolis ( 1)
- İzmir
- Jacksonville
- Johor Bahru ( 1)
- Kabul
- Kaohsiung ( 2)
- Kathmandu[i]
- Katowice ( 2)
- Kigali
- Kingston
- Kochi
- Kraków ( 1)
- Labuan
- Lanzhou
- Las Vegas
- Lausanne ( 2)
- Leeds ( 1)
- Leipzig
- León
- Libreville
- Liège
- Lille
- Lilongwe[i]
- Linz
- Liverpool
- Łódź
- Louisville
- Málaga ( 2)
- Malmö ( 3)
- Mannheim
- Mérida
- Mexicali
- Nagoya ( 2)
- Nanning
- Nantes ( 3)
- Naples
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- Nice
- Nottingham
- Nuremberg
- Oklahoma City
- Ottawa ( 3)
- Orlando ( 4)
- Palo Alto
- Portland
- Port Louis ( 2)
- Port of Spain ( 1)
- Porto Alegre ( 1)
- Poznań ( 2)
- Pretoria
- Puebla ( 1)
- Quebec City
- Raleigh ( 1)
- Recife
- Reykjavík
- Richmond
- Sacramento ( 2)
- Salt Lake City ( 2)
- San Antonio ( 1)
- San Luis Potosí City
- Sanaa
- Santa Cruz de la Sierra
- Sarajevo
- Seville ( 1)
- Shijiazhuang
- Skopje
- Southampton
- Strasbourg ( 1)
- Surabaya
- Taichung ( 3)
- Tashkent
- The Hague ( 1)
- Tijuana ( 1)
- Toulouse
- Turin ( 3)
- Ulaanbaatar ( 1)
- Utrecht
- Valencia
- Vilnius ( 3)
- Windhoek
- Winnipeg
- Wrocław ( 3)
- Wuxi
- Yerevan ( 1)
- Zhuhai
- ^ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 2022-05-25.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-roman>
tags or {{efn-lr}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-roman}}
template or {{notelist-lr}}
template (see the help page).