Umm Muhammad bint Salih

Umm Muḥammad bint Ṣāliḥ (Arabic: أم محمد بنت صالح) was an Abbasid princess, niece of third Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi and wife of caliph Harun al-Rashid.

Umm Muhammad bint Salih
أم محمد بنت صالح
Consort of the Abbasid caliph
PredecessorAzizah bint al-Ghitrif,
Amat al-Aziz Ghadir
SuccessorAbbasa bint Sulayman
Bornc. 770s
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Died810s
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Spouse
Names
Umm Muhammad bint Salih al-Miskin ibn Abdallah al-Mansur
DynastyAbbasid
FatherSalih al-Miskin ibn Abdallah al-Mansur
MotherUmm Abdallah bint Isa ibn Ali
ReligionIslam

Ancestry

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Her full name was Umm Muhammad bint Salih al-Miskin ibn Abdallah al-Mansur.

Her grandmother was the concubine Qali-al Farrashah.[1] She was a Greek, and was the mother of Al-Mansur's son Salih al-Miskin.[1] Her father, Salih al-Miskin, was one of the youngest sons of caliph Al-Mansur.

Biography

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Umm Muhammad was the wife of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. He was also her half-cousin.

Umm Muhammad was the daughter of Salih al-Miskin and Umm Abdullah, the daughter of Isa ibn Ali. They married in November-December 803 in Al-Raqqah. She had formerly been married to Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, who had repudiated her.[2]

Her first husband Ibrahim was the half-brother of Harun al-Rashid. She married him in the early 780s; however, just a few years later Ibrahim separated from her. After her formal divorce from her first husband, Caliph Harun al-Rashid married her.

Umm Muhammad became the second wife of Harun al-Rashid from the Abbasid house. His first wife Zubaidah bint Ja'far was also an Abbasid princess and granddaughter of al-Mansur.

She spent most her life after marriage with Al-Rashid at the Caliphal palace along with al-Rashid's other wives. She died in 810s.

Family

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Umm Muhammad was related to Abbasid house both paternally and maternally. She was contemporary and related to several Abbasid caliphs, prince and princesses.

No. Abbasids Relation
1 Al-Mahdi Uncle and Father-in-law
2 Musa al-Hadi Cousins and Brother-in-law
3 Harun al-Rashid Husband
4 Al-Amin[3] Step-son
5 Al-Ma'mun Step-son
6 Al-Qasim ibn Harun al-Rashid Step-son
7 Ali ibn Harun al-Rashid[3] Step-son
8 Sukaynah bint Harun al-Rashid Step-daughter
9 Hamdunah bint Harun al-Rashid Step-daughter
10 Fatimah bint Harun al-Rashid Step-daughter
11 Isa ibn al-Mahdi[4] Cousin and Brother-in-law


References

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  1. ^ a b Al-Tabari; Hugh Kennedy (1990). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 29: Al-Mansur and al-Mahdi A.D. 763-786/A.H. 146-169. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. pp. 148–49.
  2. ^ al-Tabari & Bosworth 1989, p. 326.
  3. ^ a b Abbott 1946, p. 141.
  4. ^ Abbott 1946, p. 31.

Sources

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  • Al-Tabari; Hugh Kennedy (1990). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 29: Al-Mansur and al-Mahdi A.D. 763-786/A.H. 146-169
  • al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Yarir; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1989). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 30: The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid A.D. 785-809/A.H. 169-193. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-564-4.
  • Abbott, Nabia (1946). Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-86356-031-6.