The following is a timeline of the history of Pietermaritzburg. It is part of the Msunduzi Local Municipality in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.
19th century
edit- 1839
- Pietermaritzburg founded by Voortrekkers; named after Gerrit Maritz and Piet Retief.[1]
- October: Settlement becomes capital of the newly formed Natalia Republic.
- 1840 - Voortrekker Church of the Vow consecrated.[2]
- 1843
- British Fort Napier established.[3][4]
- Natalier newspaper begins publication.[5]
- Settlement becomes capital of the newly formed British Colony of Natal.
- 1846
- Natal Witness newspaper begins publication.
- Book Society founded.[6]
- 1847 - Natal Independent newspaper begins publication.[7]
- 1851
- 1856
- 1862 - Prison built on Burger Street.[11]
- 1863 - Mr. William Calder opens High School Maritzburg, later to become Maritzburg College, or, simply "College."[12]
- 1868
- William Macrorie becomes bishop of Anglican diocese of Maritzburg.
- St Saviour's Cathedral, Pietermaritzburg opened.[1]
- 1874 - Botanical Garden established.
- 1878 - February: Natal Society Museum opens.[6]
- 1879 - Pietermaritzburg County Football Club formed.[13]
- 1880 - Durban-Pietermaritzburg railway begins operating.[2][1]
- 1885 - Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Commerce active (approximate date).[chronology citation needed][14]
- 1888 - Alexandra Park established.
- 1893 - 7 June: Civil rights activist Gandhi removed from train in Pietermaritzburg for defying racial segregation law.[2]
- 1897 - St. John's Diocesan School for Girls founded.
20th century
edit- 1901 - Town Hall rebuilt.[1]
- 1904
- 1910
- Natal University College founded.[1]
- Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly formed Union of South Africa (British dominion).
- 1911 - Population: 30,555.[16]
- 1912 - Voortrekker museum founded.[2]
- 1919 - Fort Napier becomes a hospital.[chronology citation needed]
- 1920 - Pietermaritzburg Girls' High School founded.
- 1921 - Comrades Marathon (Durban-Pietermaritzburg) begins.
- 1924 - Beer hall in business on Pietermaritz Street.[17]
- 1925 - Shuter & Shooter Publishers in business.
- 1927 - Afrikaansmediumskool (school) established.
- 1929 - "Native Village at Sobantu" built.[17]
- 1931 - Natal Bantu Football Association formed.[13]
- 1934 - Nux student newspaper begins publication.
- 1944 - Pietermaritzburg Italian P.O.W. Church built on Epworth Road.
- 1948 - Alexandra Park Street Circuit (motor race track) opens.
- 1951 - Dusi Canoe Marathon to Durban begins.
- 1953 - Roy Hesketh Circuit (motor race track) opens.
- 1954 - Edendale Hospital founded.
- 1960 - Alexandra High School for white boys opens.
- 1961 - Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly independent Republic of South Africa.
- 1962 - Statue of Piet Retief unveiled.
- 1972 - 6 April: "In the Natal Supreme Court in Pietermaritzburg, at the end of the longest trial of its kind in South Africa, thirteen defendants...are sentenced...for contravening the Terrorism Act."[2]
- 1979 - Maritzburg United F.C. (football club) formed.
- 1976 - St Saviour's Cathedral, Pietermaritzburg deconsecrated and demolished in 1981.
- 1981 - Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Nativity consecrated.
- 1985 - 5 August: Treason trial begins.[18]
- 1987 - September: Flood.[19]
- 1989 - Napierville prison begins operating.[11]
- 1990 - March: "Seven Day War" occurs.[2]
- 1991 - Population: 156,473 city; 228,549 metro.[20]
- 1993
- 1996 - Children in Distress Network (CINDI) organized.[22]
- 2000
- Pietermaritzburg becomes part of the newly formed Msunduzi Local Municipality (which includes Edendale, Imbali, etc.).
- Hloni Glenford Zondi becomes mayor.
21st century
edit- 2001 - Population: 223,519.
- 2002 - Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business formed.[23]
- 2004 - University of Natal becomes University of KwaZulu-Natal.
- 2005 - Website Msunduzi.gov.za launched (approximate date).[24]
- 2006 - Zanele Hlatshwayo becomes mayor of Msunduzi.[25]
- 2010 - May: Mike Tarr becomes mayor of Msunduzi.[26]
- 2011 - Chris Ndlela becomes mayor of Msunduzi.[27]
- 2013 - Spring Grove Dam at Mooi River begins operating in vicinity of city.[28]
- 2016 - Themba Njilo becomes mayor of Msunduzi.[29][30]
- 2021 - 2021 Pietermaritzburg power outage
- 2022 - 2022 Pietermaritzburg shooting
See also
edit- Pietermaritzburg history
- List of mayors of Pietermaritzburg
- List of heritage sites in Pietermaritzburg
- List of governors of Natal (British colony), headquartered in Pietermaritzburg 1843–1910
- Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Durban, Gqeberha, Johannesburg, Pretoria
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sahistory.org.za". Cape Town: South African History Online. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Dominy 1992.
- ^ Graham Dominy (2016). Last Outpost on the Zulu Frontier: Fort Napier and the British Imperial Garrison. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09824-6.
- ^ Robert Russell (1899). Natal: The Land and Its Story. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
- ^ a b c "History". Natalia.org.za. Natal Society Foundation. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Lloyd's 1906.
- ^ Marc Epprecht (2016). Welcome to Greater Edendale: Histories of Environment, Health, and Gender in an African City. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-9966-6.
- ^ a b Ingram 1898.
- ^ Merrett 1994.
- ^ a b "History of the Old Prison", News24.com, 9 December 2016,
Old Pietermaritzburg Prison
- ^ College 1863-1963, R.W. Kent pp 10, 24
- ^ a b John Nauright (1997). Sport, Cultures, and Identities in South Africa. Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0072-6.
- ^ Blue Book for the Colony of Natal, Natal: P. Davis & Sons, 1885
- ^ Annals of the Natal Government Museum, vol. 1, London, 1906 – via HathiTrust
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "British Empire: Province of Natal". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ a b Whelan 2015.
- ^ Alan Cowell (6 August 1985), "South Africa Puts 16 Blacks on Trial in a Treason Case", New York Times
- ^ "Toll in Rain and Floods Hits 60 in South Africa", New York Times, 30 September 1987
- ^ "South Africa". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.
- ^ "South Africa Riots Lead to 7 Deaths; Tensions Run High", New York Times, 15 April 1993
- ^ "Alan Paton Centre & Struggle Archives". Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ^ "About Us". Pietermaritzburg Chamber of Business. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Msunduzi.gov.za". Msunduzi Municipality. Archived from the original on 30 October 2005 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Hlatshwayo snatches mayorship from Zondi". Iol.co.za. 16 March 2006.
- ^ "MEC fires official for 13 charges". Iol.co.za. 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Tough year for Msunduzi Municipality". Iol.co.za. 23 December 2011.
- ^ "Look after infrastructure, says Zuma", Iol.co.za, 19 November 2013,
Mooi Mngeni Water Scheme
- ^ "Njilo to run for mayor". News24.com. 20 June 2016.
- ^ "'There will be no aloof councillors'-Njilo". Maritzburgsun.co.za. 24 August 2016.
Bibliography
edit- "Commercial Directory, Pietermaritzburg", Natal Almanac and Yearly Register: 1868, Pietermaritzburg: P. Davis & Sons, 1867
- "Principal Towns in Natal: Pietermaritzburg", Natal Almanac Directory and Yearly Register, Pietermaritzburg: P. Davis & Sons, 1897 + Street Directory
- J. Forsyth Ingram (1898). Story of an African City. Pietermaritzburg: C. Coester. (About Pietermaritzburg, with illustrations)
- C.W. Francis Harrison, ed. (1903). "City of Pietermaritzburg". Natal: An Illustrated Official Railway Guide and Handbook of General Information. London: Payne Jennings. pp. 51–63. OCLC 8287214.
- "Pietermaritzburg". Twentieth Century Impressions of Natal: Its People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources. Twentieth Century Impressions. Natal: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. 1906.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 592.
- Alan F. Hattersley (1938). Pietermaritzburg Panorama: A Survey of One Hundred Years of an African City. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. OCLC 652246540.
- Alan F. Hattersley (1940). Portrait of a Colony: The Story of Natal. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 776806583.
- Alan F. Hattersley (1951). Portrait of a City. Shuter & Shooter. OCLC 776806581. (About Pietermaritzburg)
- John Laband and Robert Haswell, ed. (1988). Pietermaritzburg 1838-1988: a new portrait of an African city. Pietermaritzburg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Matthew Kentridge. An Unofficial War: Inside the Conflict in Pietermaritzburg (Cape Town: David Philip 1990)
- T M Wills (1991). "Pietermaritzburg". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
- Dominy, Graham (1 October 1992). "An emblem of peace and security': The construction of Fort Napier and its impact on Pietermaritzburg, 1843-1848". Southern African Humanities. 4 (10): 89–106. hdl:10520/AJA16815564_343.
- Bolsmann, Chris (2014). "Sport and Post-Apartheid South Africa: Revisiting The Race Game". Journal of Sport History. 41 (2): 331–338. doi:10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.331. JSTOR 10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.331. S2CID 160428518.
- Thompson, P. S. (1 November 2014). "Pietermaritzburg in the Great War : corporate patriotism and civic sacrifice". Historia. 59 (2): 171–193. hdl:10520/EJC163424.
- Whelan, Debbie (2015). "eMatsheni: The central beer hall as social and municipal infrastructure in twentieth century Pietermaritzburg". Historia. 60 (1): 75–91. doi:10.17159/2309-8392/2015/v60n1a5.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pietermaritzburg.
- "Registry: (Pietermaritzburg)". Archivalplatform.org. Rondebosch. (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
- "(Pietermaritzburg)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "(Pietermaritzburg)". Digital Innovation South Africa. University of KwaZulu-Natal. OCLC 225596326. (Articles, images etc.)
- Items related to Pietermaritzburg, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Pietermaritzburg, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)