The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Durban in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.
19th century
edit- 1824 - British settlement of Port Natal established on land "acquired...through treaties with the Zulu king Shaka."[dubious – discuss][1][need quotation to verify][2]
- 1835 - Settlement renamed "D'Urban" after British colonial administrator Benjamin D'Urban.[1][2]
- 1839
- A small British military force was stationed at the port.[2]
- On its withdrawal Dutch emigrants from the Cape took possession and proclaimed the Natalia Republic.[2]
- 1841 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).[3]
- 1842
- 1846 - "Native reserves" created.[4]
- 1851 - Natal Times newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1852 - Mercury newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1854
- "First Town Council, consisting of 8 members representing four wards" created.[6]
- George Cato becomes mayor.
- Natal Bank in business.[6]
- D'Urban Club formed.
- 1860
- 26 June: Natal Railway (Market Square-Customs Point) begins operating in Durban.[1]
- Indian workers begin to arrive in Durban.[4]
- 1863 - Population: approximately 5,000 (3,390 white, 1,380 black and 230 Asian).[6]
- 1865 - Sites for Albert Park and Victoria Park established.[7]
- 1866 - Durban High School was founded.
- 1870 - Durban Fire Department founded.[6]
- 1880 - Magazine Barracks built.
- 1882 - Durban High School for Girls was founded.
- 1885 - Town Hall built.[6]
- 1887 - Durban Girls' College was founded.
- 1888 - Lord's cricket ground established.
- 1889 - Natal cricket team formed.
- 1896 - Population: 31,877.[7]
- 1899 - Maris Stella School was founded.
20th century
edit1900s-1950s
edit- 1902 - Electric tram begins operating.[6]
- 1903
- 1904
- 1908 - Union Whaling Station begins operating.[6]
- 1910
- Durban becomes part of newly formed Union of South Africa.[6]
- Glenwood High School was founded.
- 1911 - Population: 69,187 (31,783 white, 17,784 black, 19,620 Asian).[9]
- 1914 - Indian Views newspaper begins publication.[10]
- 1921
- Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramoniar Temple built.
- Comrades Marathon (Pietermaritzburg-Durban) begins.[6]
- 1923 - Kingsmead Cricket Ground in use.[chronology citation needed]
- 1924 - Clifton School was founded.
- 1926 - Memorial Cenotaph unveiled in Farewell Square.
- 1929 - St. Henry's Marist College was founded.
- 1931 - Natal University College Durban campus established.[chronology citation needed]
- 1935 - Durban officially gained its city status.
- 1946 - Population: 338,817 city.[11]
- 1949
- 1950 - Parliamentary Group Areas Act leads to urban apartheid.[4]
- 1951 - November: World premiere of feature film Cry, the Beloved Country.[12]
- 1953 - Northlands High School for Girls was founded.
- 1958 - Kings Park Stadium opens.
1960s-1990s
edit- 1960
- 1961
- University College for Indians established on Salisbury Island.
- Durban becomes part of the new Republic of South Africa.[6]
- 1965 - Cinerama Theatre opens.[15]
- 1966 - Brettonwood High School was founded.
- 1968 - Durban Heights water reservoir begins operating.[6]
- 1970 - Population: 736,853 city; 850,946 metro.[16]
- 1972 - University of Durban-Westville opens.
- 1973 - 1973 Durban strikes[4]
- 1977 - Durban Container Terminal begins operating at the Port of Durban.
- 1978 - 8 January: Academic Rick Turner assassinated.[17]
- 1985
- Anti-Indian unrest.
- 23 December: Amanzimtoti bombing occurs near Durban.
- Population: 634,301 city; 982,075 metro.[18]
- 1986 - 14 June: Durban beach-front bombing occurs.
- 1990
- "Separate Amenities Act was repealed, thus opening up Durban’s facilities to all races."[6]
- Northwood School was founded.
- 1991 - Population: 715,669 city; 1,137,378 metro.[19]
- 1993
- June: 1993 African Championships in Athletics held in Durban.
- Pavilion shopping centre in business in Westville.
- 1995 - Sharks (rugby union) formed.
- 1996
- Part of 1996 Africa Cup of Nations football contest played in Durban.
- Obed Mlaba becomes mayor.
- City website Durban.gov.za launched (approximate date).[20]
- Population: 669,242.[21]
- 1997 - International Convention Centre opens.
- 1998 - September: International summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in city.
- 1999 - November: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1999 held in city.
- 2000
- July: XIII International AIDS Conference, 2000 held in city.[1]
- 5 December: South African municipal elections, 2000 held.
- Durban becomes seat of newly created eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.
21st century
edit- 2001
- UN World Conference against Racism 2001 held in city.[22]
- Population: 536,644 city.
- Gateway shopping centre in business in nearby Umhlanga.
- 2002
- 6 February: 2002 Charlotte's Dale train collision occurs in vicinity of Durban.
- 9 July: African Union launched in Durban.
- 2003
- Dolphins cricket team formed.
- Part of 2003 Cricket World Cup played in Durban.
- 2004
- University of KwaZulu-Natal established.
- uShaka Marine World theme park in business.
- 2005 - 19 March: Demonstration at Kennedy Road shack settlement.
- 2006
- February: Strike at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
- 1 March: South African municipal elections, 2006 held.
- 2007 - Eden College was founded.
- 2008 - Ulwazi Programme for local history launched.[23]
- 2009
- 24 September: Airplane crash occurs.
- 26 September: Ethnic attack on Kennedy Road shack settlement.
- Moses Mabhida Stadium opens in Stamford Hill.
- 2010
- King Shaka International Airport opens.
- Part of 2010 FIFA World Cup football contest played in Durban.
- Field Band Academy founded.[24]
- 2011
- 18 May: South African municipal elections, 2011 held.
- November–December: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in city.
- James Nxumalo becomes mayor.[25]
- Population: 595,061 city;[26] 3,442,361 metro.
- 2013
- March: International 5th BRICS summit held in city.
- Part of 2013 Africa Cup of Nations football contest played in Durban.
- 2016
- 3 August: South African municipal elections, 2016 held.
- 2016 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
- Zandile Gumede becomes mayor.
- 2017 - March: Durban bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games rejected.
See also
edit- Durban history (fr)
- List of mayors of Durban
- Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Gqeberha, Johannesburg, Pietermaritzburg, Pretoria
References
edit- ^ a b c Tuttle 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ Alan Charles Gore Lloyd (1914). J.Y.W. Macalister; Alfred W. Pollard (eds.). "Birth of Printing in South Africa". The Library: A Quarterly Review of Bibliography and Library Lore. 5. London: 31–43. hdl:2027/mdp.39015014978228. ISSN 0024-2160 – via HathiTrust.
Incuadi yesibini yabafundayo
- ^ a b c d Hendricks 2003.
- ^ a b Lloyd's 1906.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Durban Timeline 1497-1990". Cape Town: South African History Online. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
- ^ a b Henderson 1904.
- ^ Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ "British Empire: Province of Natal". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Indian Newspapers in KwaZulu-Natal – 150 years of Indian Journalism". Ulwazi Programme (in English and Zulu). eThekwini Municipality. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. pp. 171–184.
- ^ "Packed house sees Durban's first world premiere", Natal Witness, 16 November 1951 – via Disa.ukzn.ac.za
- ^ "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Durban, South Africa". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1980. New York. pp. 225–252.
- ^ Jacqueline Audrey Kalley; et al., eds. (1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.
- ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "South Africa". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 9781857431315. ISSN 0065-3896.
- ^ "Durban.gov.za". Durban Metro Council. Archived from the original on 29 March 1996 – via Wayback Machine.
Local Government - Durban - South Africa
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2012. United Nations Statistics Division. 2013.
- ^ "South Africa profile: Timeline". BBC News. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ Durban Local History Museums, ed. (26 October 2009). "About". Ulwazi Programme (in English and Zulu). eThekwini Municipality. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
- ^ "Field day for music in Durban", The Mercury, South Africa, 26 June 2013 – via LexisNexis Academic
- ^ "South African mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation 25 September 2017.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
Bibliography
editpublished in 19th-20th centuries
edit- J. Forsyth Ingram (1895). "Durban". Colony of Natal: an official illustrated handbook and railway guide. London.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Principal Towns in Natal: Durban", Natal Almanac Directory and Yearly Register, Pietermaritzburg: P. Davis & Sons, 1897
- W. P. M. Henderson (1904). Durban: Fifty Years' Municipal History. Durban: Robinson & Co.
- Twentieth Century Impressions of Natal: Its People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources. Twentieth Century Impressions. Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. 1906.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 696–697.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). 1922. p. 868.
- Leo Kuper; Hilstan Watts; Ronald Davies (1958). Durban: A study in racial ecology. Jonathan Cape. OCLC 958188774.
- P. Maylam (1982). "Shackled by the Contradictions: The Municipal Response to African Urbanization in Durban, c. 1920-1950". African Urban Studies. Michigan State University. ISSN 0736-6760.
- Dowlat Ramdas Bagwandeen (1983). The question of 'Indian penetration' in the Durban area and Indian politics, 1940-1946 (PhD). University of Natal. hdl:10413/8711.
- Paul Maylam (1985), Richard Haines; Gina Buijs (eds.), "Aspects of African Urbanization in the Durban Area before 1940", Struggle for Social and Economic Space: Urbanization in Twentieth Century South Africa, University of Durban-Westville, ISBN 0949947733
- R. Posel (1985). "Durban Ricksha Pullers' Strikes of 1918 and 1930". Journal of Natal and Zulu History. 8. University of Natal: 85–106. doi:10.1080/02590123.1985.11964240. ISSN 0259-0123.
- R.J. Davies (1991). "Durban". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
- Timothy Andrew Nuttall (1991). Class, race and nation: African politics in Durban, 1929-1949 (PhD). University of Oxford.
- David Hemson (1996). "Beyond the Frontier of Control: Trade Unionism and the Labour Market in the Durban Docks". Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa (30). University of Natal. ISSN 0258-7696 – via African e-Journals Project.
- Paul Maylam; Iain Edwards, eds. (1996). The People's City: African Life in Twentieth-century Durban. University of Natal Press. ISBN 978-0-86980-934-1.
- Nelson Tozivaripi Sambureni (1997). The apartheid city and its labouring class: African workers and the independent trade union movement in Durban, 1959-1985 (PhD). University of South Africa – via Disa.ukzn.ac.za.
published in 21st century
edit- Bill Freund (2001). "Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)". Journal of Southern African Studies. 27 (3): 527–546. doi:10.1080/13632430120074572. JSTOR 823314. PMID 17650571. S2CID 37285422.
- Antoine Bouillon (2002). "Citizenship and the city: the Durban centre-city in 2000". Transformation (48). University of Natal. ISSN 0258-7696 – via African e-Journals Project.
- Bill Freund; Vishnu Padayachee, eds. (2002). (D)urban Vortex: South African City in Transition. University of Natal Press.
- Brij Maharaj (2002), "Post Apartheid Metro Boundaries: Conflicts, Contestations and Compromises in Durban", Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l'innovation territoriale, p. 22 – via Halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr
- "Durban". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
- Cherl Hendricks (2003). "Durban, South Africa". In Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh (eds.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- Exit, Voice and Tradition: Loyalty to Chieftainship and Democracy in Metropolitan Durban, South Africa, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2005 – via International Relations and Security Network
- Aran S. MacKinnon (2005). "Durban". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Kate Tuttle (2005). "Durban". In Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- Bill Freund (2007). "Globalisation and the African city: Touba, Abidjan, Durban". The African City: A History. Cambridge University Press. p. 177+. ISBN 978-0-521-52792-7.
- Case study: Metropolitan Governance, EThekwini (Durban), South Africa, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2015
- Ralph Callebert (2017). On Durban's Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580469074.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Durban.
- "(Durban)". Digital Innovation South Africa. University of KwaZulu-Natal. OCLC 225596326. (Articles, images etc.)
- "Places: Durban". Cape Town: South African History Online.
- "Registry: (Durban)". Archivalplatform.org. Rondebosch. (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
- "(Durban)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "(Durban)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Durban)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
- "(Durban)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Durban)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Durban)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access
articles)
