A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Thursday, June 17 and Friday, June 18, 1909,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 1.0065. It was a hybrid event, with only a fraction of its path as total, and longer sections at the start and end as an annular eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 5.4 days after perigee (on June 12, 1909, at 16:00 UTC) and 7.5 days before apogee (on June 25, 1909, at 12:00 UTC).[5]
| Solar eclipse of June 17, 1909 | |
|---|---|
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Hybrid |
| Gamma | 0.8957 |
| Magnitude | 1.0065 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 24 s (0 min 24 s) |
| Coordinates | 82°54′N 123°36′E / 82.9°N 123.6°E |
| Max. width of band | 51 km (32 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 23:18:38 |
| References | |
| Saros | 145 (16 of 77) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9302 |
The path of totality crossed central Russia, the Arctic Ocean, northeastern Ellesmere Island in Canada, Greenland, and annularity crossed southern Siberia in Russia (now in northeastern Kazakhstan and southern Russia) and southern Greenland. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Asia and northern North America.
Eclipse details
editShown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1909 June 17 at 21:00:24.0 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1909 June 17 at 22:30:16.6 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1909 June 17 at 22:30:18.7 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1909 June 17 at 22:30:20.9 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1909 June 17 at 23:16:41.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1909 June 17 at 23:18:38.1 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1909 June 17 at 23:28:20.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1909 June 17 at 23:31:17.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1909 June 18 at 00:06:44.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1909 June 18 at 00:06:49.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1909 June 18 at 00:06:54.2 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1909 June 18 at 01:36:52.5 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.00647 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.01299 |
| Gamma | 0.89568 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 05h42m52.5s |
| Sun Declination | +23°23'35.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.3" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 05h42m23.6s |
| Moon Declination | +24°14'45.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'44.1" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°57'44.9" |
| ΔT | 9.7 s |
Eclipse season
editThis eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| June 4 Descending node (full moon) |
June 17 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Total lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 119 |
Hybrid solar eclipse Solar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 1909
edit- A total lunar eclipse on June 4.
- A hybrid solar eclipse on June 17.
- A total lunar eclipse on November 27.
- A partial solar eclipse on December 12.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 6, 1913
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 7, 1902
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of June 13, 1900
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 24, 1918
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 18, 1898
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 18, 1920
Solar Saros 145
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 6, 1891
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 29, 1927
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 7, 1880
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 29, 1938
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 16, 1822
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 17, 1996
Solar eclipses of 1906–1909
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]
The partial solar eclipses on February 23, 1906 and August 20, 1906 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1906 to 1909 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 115 | July 21, 1906 Partial |
−1.3637 | 120 | January 14, 1907 Total |
0.8628 | |
| 125 | July 10, 1907 Annular |
−0.6313 | 130 | January 3, 1908 Total |
0.1934 | |
| 135 | June 28, 1908 Annular |
0.1389 | 140 | December 23, 1908 Hybrid |
−0.4985 | |
| 145 | June 17, 1909 Hybrid |
0.8957 | 150 | December 12, 1909 Partial |
−1.2456 | |
Saros 145
editThis eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 77 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on January 4, 1639. It contains an annular eclipse on June 6, 1891; a hybrid eclipse on June 17, 1909; and total eclipses from June 29, 1927 through September 9, 2648. The series ends at member 77 as a partial eclipse on April 17, 3009. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 15 at 6 seconds (by default) on June 6, 1891, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 12 seconds on June 25, 2522. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[8]
| Series members 10–32 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 11 | 12 |
 April 13, 1801 |
 April 24, 1819 |
 May 4, 1837 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 |
 May 16, 1855 |
 May 26, 1873 |
 June 6, 1891 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 |
| June 17, 1909 |
 June 29, 1927 |
 July 9, 1945 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 |
 July 20, 1963 |
 July 31, 1981 |
 August 11, 1999 |
| 22 | 23 | 24 |
 August 21, 2017 |
 September 2, 2035 |
 September 12, 2053 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 |
 September 23, 2071 |
 October 4, 2089 |
 October 16, 2107 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 |
 October 26, 2125 |
 November 7, 2143 |
 November 17, 2161 |
| 31 | 32 | |
 November 28, 2179 |
 December 9, 2197 | |
Metonic series
editThe metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 25 eclipse events between April 5, 1837 and June 17, 1928 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 5–6 | January 22–23 | November 10–11 | August 28–30 | June 17–18 |
| 107 | 109 | 111 | 113 | 115 |
 April 5, 1837 |
 January 22, 1841 |
 November 10, 1844 |
 August 28, 1848 |
 June 17, 1852 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
 April 5, 1856 |
 January 23, 1860 |
 November 11, 1863 |
 August 29, 1867 |
 June 18, 1871 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
 April 6, 1875 |
 January 22, 1879 |
 November 10, 1882 |
 August 29, 1886 |
 June 17, 1890 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
 April 6, 1894 |
 January 22, 1898 |
 November 11, 1901 |
 August 30, 1905 |
June 17, 1909 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
 April 6, 1913 |
 January 23, 1917 |
 November 10, 1920 |
 August 30, 1924 |
 June 17, 1928 |
Tritos series
editThis eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
The partial solar eclipse on November 4, 2116 (part of Saros 164) is also a part of this series but is not included in the table below.
| Series members between 1801 and 2029 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 March 24, 1811 (Saros 136) |
 February 21, 1822 (Saros 137) |
 January 20, 1833 (Saros 138) |
 December 21, 1843 (Saros 139) |
 November 20, 1854 (Saros 140) |
 October 19, 1865 (Saros 141) |
 September 17, 1876 (Saros 142) |
 August 19, 1887 (Saros 143) |
 July 18, 1898 (Saros 144) |
June 17, 1909 (Saros 145) |
 May 18, 1920 (Saros 146) |
 April 18, 1931 (Saros 147) |
 March 16, 1942 (Saros 148) |
 February 14, 1953 (Saros 149) |
 January 14, 1964 (Saros 150) |
 December 13, 1974 (Saros 151) |
 November 12, 1985 (Saros 152) |
 October 12, 1996 (Saros 153) |
 September 11, 2007 (Saros 154) |
 August 11, 2018 (Saros 155) |
 July 11, 2029 (Saros 156) | ||||
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 August 16, 1822 (Saros 142) |
 July 28, 1851 (Saros 143) |
 July 7, 1880 (Saros 144) |
| June 17, 1909 (Saros 145) |
 May 29, 1938 (Saros 146) |
 May 9, 1967 (Saros 147) |
 April 17, 1996 (Saros 148) |
 March 29, 2025 (Saros 149) |
 March 9, 2054 (Saros 150) |
 February 16, 2083 (Saros 151) |
 January 29, 2112 (Saros 152) |
 January 8, 2141 (Saros 153) |
 December 18, 2169 (Saros 154) |
 November 28, 2198 (Saros 155) |
|
External links
edit- ^ "June 17–18, 1909 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "First eclipse of sun for this year today". Knoxville Sentinel. Knoxville, Tennessee. 1909-06-17. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Frederic J. Haskin (1909-06-17). "Eclipse of the sun". The Salt Lake Herald. Salt Lake City, Utah. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Today's shadow of the sun scarcely visible in this region". Daily News-Republican. Lawton, Oklahoma. 1909-06-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-01 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 1909 Jun 17". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
