The medieval city of Ani was a center of confrontation in the 12th and 13th centuries. It was captured fives times by the Kingdom of Georgia, and recaptured three times by Shaddadids,[1] until it came under the Mongol rule in 1239:
- Siege of Ani (1064), when a large Seljuk army under Alp Arslan attacked.
- Siege of Ani (1124), a siege led by David IV of Georgia against the Shaddadids during the Georgian–Seljuk wars.
- Siege of Ani (1161), a siege led by the George III of Georgia against the Shaddadids,[2] and a subsequent siege by the Muslim coalition of Shah-Armens, Saltukids, Artuqids and Emirate of Kars against the Kingdom of Georgia in an attempt to recapture the city.[3]
- Siege of Ani (1174), a siege led by George III of Georgia against the Shaddadids.[4]
- Siege of Ani (1199), a siege led by Tamar of Georgia against the Shaddadids.
- Siege of Ani (1226), a siege led by the Mongol Empire against the Zakarid ruler of Ani.
- Siege of Ani (1239), a sack of the city by the Mongols.
| Sieges of Ani | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Byzantine–Seljuq wars, Georgian–Seljuk wars and Mongol invasions of Georgia | |||||||||
 Plan of the city | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Armenians |
Seljuk Empire Shaddadids Eldiguzids Artuqids Saltukids Shah-Armens Emirate of Kars | Mongol Empire | Byzantine Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
David IV George III Tamar Ivane I Zakarian Rusudan Zakare II Zakarian Shahnshah Zakarian |
Alp Arslan Nizam al-Mulk Abu'l-Aswar Fadl ibn Mahmud Shahanshah ibn Mahmud Eldiguz Sultan ibn Mahmud Sökmen II Saltuk II |
Chagatai Toghta |
Constantine X Doukas Duke Bagrat Gregory | ||||||
See also
edit- Battle of Ani (1042)
References
edit- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 47
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 89.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 90.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 96.
Bibliography
edit- Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356.