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Samarinda

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Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of 718 km2 (277 sq mi). Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten Most Liveable Cities in 2022,[13][14] ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index[15] and it is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with a population of 727,500 at the 2010 Census[16] and 827,994 at the 2020 Census;[17] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 861,878.[8] Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest exporter[18] and fifth-largest importer.[19] The city has the highest number of bank headquarters in East Kalimantan.[20]

Samarinda
City
City of Samarinda
Kota Samarinda
Clockwise from top:
Residential area in Pelabuhan, Legislative Office, City Museum, Temindung Panorama, Lembusawa Statue, Islamic Centre Mosque
Flag of Samarinda
Flag
Coat of arms of Samarinda
Coat of arms
Motto: 
Samarinda Kota Tepian
Anthem: "March of Kota Tepian"
Location within East Kalimantan
Location within East Kalimantan
Samarinda is located in Borneo
Samarinda
Samarinda
Location in Borneo
Coordinates: 0°30′0″S 117°8′15.9324″E / 0.50000°S 117.137759000°E / -0.50000; 117.137759000
Country Indonesia
RegionKalimantan
Province East Kalimantan
Founded1668
Government
 • MayorAndi Harun
 • Vice MayorRusmadi Wongso [id]
 • Legislative PresidentSugiyono
 • Chief JusticeDarius Naftali[1]
Area
[2]
 • City
718 km2 (277 sq mi)
 • Land691.53 km2 (267.00 sq mi)
 • Water26.47 km2 (10.22 sq mi)  3.65%
 • Rank7th (Indonesia)[3]
Highest elevation
[4][5][6] (Puncak Samarinda)
260 m (850 ft)
Lowest elevation
[7] (Mahakam River)
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (mid 2023 estimate)[8]
 • City
Neutral increase 861,878
 • Rank1st (Borneo)[9]
 • Density1,163/km2 (3,010/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,050,000
DemonymSamarindan[10]
Demographics
 • Religion[11]Islam 90.93%
Protestantism 5.25%
Catholic 2.12%
Buddhism 0.86%
Hinduism 0.12%
Confucianism 0.08%
Others 0.01%
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (WITA)
Area code+62541
Administrative centreBugis[12]
Largest district by populationSungai Kunjang[2]
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Drives on theleft
HDI (2022)Increase 0.814 (very high)

In 2021, Samarinda Harbour became the busiest passenger port in East Kalimantan.[21] The container port in Samarinda is also the busiest in East Kalimantan, handled more than 271 thousand twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) in 2019.[22][23]

Samarinda is known for its traditional food amplang, as well as the cloth sarung samarinda.[24] As of 2021, the city has 3 bridges connecting its river banks: Mahakam Bridge, Mahakam Ulu Bridge [id], and Achmad Amins Bridge. The city center is on one side and the other side is named Samarinda Seberang.

Etymology

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The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.[25]

History

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At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.[26]

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics.[citation needed] Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.[citation needed]

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.[27]

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.[26]

Administrative districts

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At the time of the 2010 Census, Samarinda City was divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), but four additional districts were subsequently created by splitting of existing ones. The ten districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[16] and the 2020 Census,[17] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[8] The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
Census
2010		 Pop'n
Census
2020		 Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2023		 No.
of
kelurahan		 Post
codes
64.72.01 Palaran 221.29 49,079 63,189 66,912 5 75241 - 75253
64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir
(Lower Samarinda)		 17.18 120,936 69,142 69,766 5 75114 - 75117
64.72.09 Samarinda Kota
(Samarinda town)		 11.12 (a) 31,719 32,379 5 7511 - 75113,
75117, 75121
64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95 (a) 57,941 62,429 5 75114, 75115
64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49 114,183 64,050 65,796 6 75131 - 75133
64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13 (b) 65,892 69,396 5 75131
64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang
(Kunjang River)		 43.04 114,044 133,543 139,320 7 75125 - 75127
64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu
(Upper Samarinda)		 22.12 126,651 129,806 133,331 8 75122 - 75128
64.72.05 Samarinda Utara
(North Samarinda)		 229.52 202,607 106,743 112,076 8 75117 - 75119
64.72.08 Sungai Pinang
(Pinang River)		 34.16 (c) 105,970 110,473 5 76117 - 76119
Totals 718.00 727,500 827,994 861,878 59

Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.

 
Karang Asam panorama, viewed from Mahakam River
 
Panoramic view of Samarinda's skyline at day

Climate

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Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019.[28][29] The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is 18.0 °C (64.4 °F) in October 1982,[30] while the highest recorded is 40.2 °C (104 °F) on 8 February 2008.[31]

Climate data for Samarinda
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.4
(84.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.9
(85.8) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29.9
(85.8) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.8
(87.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		29.7
(85.5) 		30.1
(86.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		27.0
(80.6) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.8
(80.2) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.8
(80.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.4
(74.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 166
(6.5) 		173
(6.8) 		202
(8.0) 		236
(9.3) 		181
(7.1) 		168
(6.6) 		160
(6.3) 		148
(5.8) 		118
(4.6) 		145
(5.7) 		196
(7.7) 		209
(8.2) 		2,102
(82.6)
Source: (1991–2021)[32]

Demographics

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The territory's population in mid 2023 was 861,876, with an annual growth rate of 1.43% in 2022–2023.[8] The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent. There are also Americans, Canadians, Japanese and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda was 73.6 years as of 2014.

Nationality / Origin 2019 (pre-pandemic) 2019% 2020
1 Asia 473 47.2% 315
2 Europe 172 17.1% 5
3 ASEAN 168 16.7% 126
4 Oceania 163 16.3% 15
5 America 23 2.3% 19
6 Africa 4 0.4% 12
Total 1,003 100.0%
  • As of 31 December 2020
  • Source: Samarinda Statistics Department[15]

Religion

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Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque, the largest mosque in Samarinda

Samarinda's main religions are Islam and Christianity. The Muslim community forms the majority of the population numbering around 91%. The Christian community numbers at nearly 66,000 individuals or slightly over 7% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also small Buddhist, Hindu and other religious communities.[33]

Economy

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Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest container ports

Since 2004, trade has been the engine of Samarinda's economic growth.[34] It is also driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda.[citation needed] There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery.[citation needed]

Tourism sector also plays an important role in Samarinda's economy; it attracted over 2,000 international tourists and 1.2 million domestic tourists in 2019,[35] making Samarinda the 2nd most popular tourists destination in East Kalimantan.[36] In 2020, agriculture constituted only 2 per cent of GDP, and consists of growing flower varieties (rose, jasmine, orchid) and fruits (pomelo citrus fruit).[15]

 
Mahakam River day view, viewed from Islamic Centre Tower, a major tourist attraction that offers views of Mahakam River and its surroundings

Transport

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See also: Public minibus
 
Aerial view of Samarinda International Airport in 2018
 
Seberang Bus Terminus

The main transport infrastructure of Samarinda is different than every other cities in Kalimantan, characterised by less national government involvement: Samarinda International Airport (East Kalimantan government),[37][38] SkyTrain rapid transit project (public-private partnership),[39][40] Sejuk Hill (Manggah Hill) Tunnel project (Samarinda Government)[41][42] and Port of Palaran (private).[43]

There are about 850,000 vehicles registered in Samarinda, the highest number of vehicles of any city in East Kalimantan.[44] Samarinda has 3 bus terminals: Sungai Kunjang Bus Terminus, Lempake Bus Terminus and Seberang Bus Terminus.[45]

Samarinda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route from Balikpapan to Samarinda; the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[46]

APT Pranoto (Samarinda Sungai Siring, AAP) International Airport is the primary airport for the city and has been at Sungai Siring since 2018. With over 1 million passengers annually, it is one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. AAP is an important Australian passenger gateway for East Kalimantan's wildlife. AAP was built to replace Temindung Airport in Bandara, Sungai Pinang.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.[47]

Notable people

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Main category: People from Samarinda

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Sejarah Pengadilan".
  2. ^ a b "Samarinda in Figures, 2022". BPS Samarinda. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  3. ^ "7 Kota Terbesar di Indonesia, Mana yang Paling Luas?". MSN. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Puncak Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur Cocok Dijadikan Tempat Camping". Tribun Kaltim Travel. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Indahnya Pesona Alam dari Puncak Samarinda". Klik Samarinda. 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Puncak Samarinda, Berkemah di Atas Awan". Traveling Yuk. 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  7. ^ "Monografi Kalimantan Timur 1968". Government of East Kalimantan. 1969. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  9. ^ "Borneo". WorldAtlas. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Masyarakat Indonesia 30-31". LIPI. 2004. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  11. ^ Data Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia <http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=6400000000&lang=id>
  12. ^ "Pemindahan Pusat Pemerintahan kota Samarinda Tinggal Tunggu Walikota". Nomor Satu Kaltim. 13 April 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Tinggalkan Balikpapan, Samarinda Masuk dalam Jajaran Kota Layak Huni di Indonesia". Presisi. 12 June 2023. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Samarinda Raih Top Tier City Indonesia". Natmed. 12 June 2023. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  15. ^ a b c "Samarinda in Figures 2021". BPS Samarinda. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  16. ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  17. ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  18. ^ "Ekspor Kalimantan Timur 2020". BPS East Borneo. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Impor Kalimantan Timur 2020". BPS East Borneo. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  20. ^ "East Kalimantan in Figures 2021". BPS East Borneo. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  21. ^ "BRS Kaltim December 2021". BPS East Borneo. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  22. ^ "Patimban Bakal Jadi Pelumas Samudera Indonesia (SMDR) & Temas (TMAS)". Bisnis. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  23. ^ "Kaltim Kariangau Terminal – Handal, Tepat Waktu dan Efisien". Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  24. ^ "Perhatikan 4 Hal Ini Saat Berburu Oleh-oleh Khas Samarinda". JalanTikus.
  25. ^ Dahlan, Oemar (1978). Asal-Usul Nama Samarinda Sejak Zaman sebelum Kemerdekaan, Nama Ini Sudah Terkenal di Seluruh Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture.
  26. ^ a b Ars, Moh (1986). Sejarah Kota Samarinda. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture.
  27. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The conquest of Borneo Island, 1941-1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  28. ^ "Hujan Es di Samarinda Seberang, Biasanya Terjadi di Awal Musim Hujan". Tribun News. 21 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  29. ^ "Viral, Hujan Es Bikin Heboh Warga Samarinda". IDN Times. 21 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  30. ^ "Samarinda Alami Fenomena Aphelion, Apa Itu?". Samarinda Post. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  31. ^ "BMKG Catat Suhu Terpanas di Indonesia, Wilayah di Kalimantan Catatkan Rekor Maksimum". kaltim.tribunnews.com. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  32. ^ "Samarinda climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Samarinda weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  33. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik". samarindakota.bps.go.id. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  34. ^ "Samarinda in Figures 2005". BPS Samarinda. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  35. ^ "Samarinda in Figures 2020". BPS Samarinda. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  36. ^ "Orang Samarinda dan Bontang paling gemar berwisata, Derawan paling favorite". Niaga Asia. 20 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  37. ^ "APT Pranoto, Perjuangan Kaltim Wujudkan Mimpi". Government of East Borneo. 2 December 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  38. ^ "Jokowi Pamerkan Bandara APT Pranoto, Dibangun Pakai APBD Pemprov Kaltim". Merdeka. 25 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  39. ^ "5 Proyek Infrastruktur Samarinda Melalui Sistem KPBU". G Priority. 7 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  40. ^ "Jadi Penyangga Ibu Kota Negara, Samarinda Diharapkan Bangun Infrastruktur Melalui KPBU". Headline Kaltim. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  41. ^ "Groundbreaking Terowongan di Gunung Manggah, Walikota: Pertama di Indonesia yang Diinisiasi Pemerintah Daerah". Headline Kaltim. 20 January 2023. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  42. ^ "Upaya Pemkot Samarinda Bangun Terowongan Pemecah Kemacetan". Liputan 6, SCTV. 24 January 2023. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  43. ^ "About Us". Samudera Ports. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  44. ^ "East Kalimantan in Figures, 2022". BPS East Kalimantan. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  45. ^ "Terminal Bus, Samarinda". Government of East Kalimantan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  46. ^ North Kalimantan Province Road Map Archived 29 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine - by the Road Preservation Directorate, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, Indonesia.
  47. ^ Admiralty sailing directions - Indonesia (10th ed.). Taunton: UK Hydrographic office. 15 July 2015.

Sources

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