Richard Bassett (April 2, 1745 – September 15, 1815) was an American politician, attorney, slave owner and later abolitionist, veteran of the American Revolution, signer of the United States Constitution, and one of the Founding Fathers of America.[1] He also served as United States Senator from Delaware, chief justice of the Delaware Court of Common Pleas, governor of Delaware and a United States circuit judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Third Circuit.
Richard Bassett | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Third Circuit | |
| In office February 20, 1801 – July 1, 1802 | |
| Appointed by | John Adams |
| Preceded by | Seat established by 2 Stat. 89 |
| Succeeded by | Seat abolished |
| 4th Governor of Delaware | |
| In office January 9, 1799 – March 3, 1801 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel Rogers |
| Succeeded by | James Sykes |
| Chief Justice of the Delaware Court of Common Pleas | |
| In office March 4, 1793 – January 15, 1799 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | James Booth Sr. |
| United States Senator from Delaware | |
| In office March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | John Vining |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Bassett April 2, 1745 Cecil County, Province of Maryland, British America |
| Died | September 15, 1815 (aged 70) Cecil County, Maryland |
| Resting place | Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery Wilmington, Delaware |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Relatives | Richard H. Bayard (grandson) James A. Bayard Jr. (grandson) |
| Education | read law |
| Signature |  |
Education and career
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Born on April 2, 1745, in Cecil County, Province of Maryland, British America,[2] Bassett pursued preparatory studies, then read law.[2] He was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Delaware.[3] By concentrating on agricultural pursuits as well as religious and charitable concerns, he quickly established himself amongst the local gentry and "developed a reputation for hospitality and philanthropy."[4] He was a member of the Delaware constitutional conventions of 1776 and 1792.[3] He was a member of the Council of Safety in Dover, Delaware from 1776 to 1786.[2] He served in the Delaware State Militia as a company captain of the Dover Light Horse Regiment from 1777 to 1781.[2] He was a member of the Delaware Legislative Council (now the Delaware Senate) in 1782.[2] He was a member of the Delaware House of Representatives in 1786.[2] He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787,[3] and was a signer of the United States Constitution.[3] He was a member of the Delaware convention which ratified the United States Constitution in 1787.[3] He was in private practice in Wilmington, Delaware from 1787 to 1789.[2]
Bassett was elected to the United States Senate from Delaware and served from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793, first as a member of the Anti-Administration Party and later as a member of the Pro-Administration Party.[3][5] Due to his name coming first alphabetically out of all 20 senators who commenced their first term on 4 March, 1789, Bassett is the most senior senator to have served in the United States Senate. Bassett was chief justice of the Delaware Court of Common Pleas from 1793 to 1799.[2] He was governor of Delaware from 1799 to 1801.[2]
Bassett was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Third Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 2 Stat. 89.[2] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.[2] His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.[2]
Later life and death
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After leaving the federal bench, Bassett became a planter in Cecil County.[2]
While he was a slave owner, after converting to Methodism in the 1780s, he freed his slaves and campaigned for the state of Delaware to abolish slavery.[6]
He died on September 15, 1815, on his estate Bohemia Manor in Cecil County.[Note 1][3][2] He was initially interred in Cecil County, and in 1865 his remains were re-interred in Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery in Wilmington, Delaware.
Legacy
editBassett was the grandfather of Richard H. Bayard and James A. Bayard Jr., both United States senators from Delaware.[3]
Bassett Street in Madison, Wisconsin, is named in Bassett's honor.[7]
Bassettown, now Washington, Pennsylvania, was named in Bassett's honor by his cousin David Hoge.[citation needed]
Note
edit- ^ Some sources give his place of death as Kent County, Delaware.
References
edit- ^ "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, January 19, 2022, retrieved January 25, 2022
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Richard Bassett at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ a b c d e f g h United States Congress. "Richard Bassett (id: B000226)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ Wright Jr., Robert K.; MacGregor Jr., Morris J. (1987). "Richard Bassett". Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution. Washington D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 71-25.
- ^ "Senators of the United States 1789-present A chronological list of senators since the First Congress in 1789" (PDF). United States Senate.
- ^ "Delaware Campus Library Blogs » Richard Bassett". Retrieved January 25, 2022.
- ^ "Origins of Madison Street Names at the website for Wisconsin Historical Society".
Sources
edit- Conrad, Henry C. (1908). History of the State of Delaware. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Wickersham Company.
- Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
- Munroe, John A. (1954). Federalist Delaware 1775–1815. Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
- Martin, Roger A. (1984). History of Delaware Through its Governors. Wilmington, Delaware: McClafferty Press.
- Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark, Delaware: Roger A. Martin.
- Scharf, John Thomas (1888). History of Delaware 1609–1888. 2 vols. Philadelphia: L. J. Richards & Co. ISBN 0-87413-493-5.
Images
edit- National Portrait Gallery; portrait courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery.
External links
edit- Richard Bassett at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States
- United States Congress. "Richard Bassett (id: B000226)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Biography by Russell Pickett
- Delaware's Governors
- The Political Graveyard
- Judges of the United States Courts
- National Archives
- Biography of Bassett Archived November 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine in Soldier-Statesman of the Constitution at the United States Army Center of Military History