Payton v. New York

Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning warrantless entry into a private home in order to make a felony arrest. The Court struck down a New York statute providing for such warrantless entries because the Fourth Amendment draws a firm line at the entrance to the house. Absent exigent circumstances, that threshold may not be reasonably crossed without a warrant. The court, however, did specify that an arrest warrant (as opposed to a search warrant) would have sufficed for entry into the suspect's residence if there had been reason to believe that the suspect was within the home.

Payton v. New York
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued March 26, 1979 Reargued October 9, 1979 Decided April 15, 1980
Full case name	Theodore Payton et.al Petitoner-Plaintiff v. The State of New York et al. Defendant-Respondent
Citations	445 U.S. 573 (more) 100 S. Ct. 1371; 63 L. Ed. 2d 639
Holding
The Fourth Amendment, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, prohibits the police from making a warrantless and nonconsensual entry into a suspect's home in order to make a routine felony arrest.
Court membership
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart Byron White · Thurgood Marshall Harry Blackmun · Lewis F. Powell Jr. William Rehnquist · John P. Stevens
Case opinions
Majority	Stevens, joined by Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell
Concurrence	Blackmun
Dissent	White, joined by Burger, Rehnquist
Dissent	Rehnquist
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. IV

Payton and related case law establish that the principle that a person in a home, particularly his or her own, is entitled Fourth Amendment protections not afforded to persons in automobiles, as per Whren v. United States, or to persons in public, as per United States v. Watson.

Background

Theodore Payton of New York City was suspected of murdering an employee of a gas station in the city. Thinking Payton was home, the New York City police "forcibly entered Payton's home." Payton was in fact not home, and the police gathered evidence from his home connecting him to the murder of the gas station attendant. The police acted under a New York law "allowing police to enter a private residence to make a felony arrest without a warrant." At his trial, Payton was unable to have the evidence thrown out, and his conviction was upheld at the appellate level. The judge noted that the police entering Payton's house was "authorized by the New York law" and therefore was permissible.

See also

• List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 445
• Miller v. United States, 357 U.S. 301 (1958)
• Ker v. California, 374 U.S. 23 (1963)

Further reading

• Gordon, Peter J. (1978). "The Constitutionality of Warrantless Home Arrests". Columbia Law Review. 78 (7): 1550–1567. doi:10.2307/1121875. JSTOR 1121875.
• McFarland, J. M. (1980). "Payton v. New York—The Last Word on Warrantless Home Arrests?". UMKC Law Review. 49: 232. ISSN 0047-7575.
• Segal, Jeffrey A. (1986). "Supreme Court Justices as Human Decision Makers: An Individual-Level Analysis of the Search and Seizure Cases". The Journal of Politics. 48 (4): 938–955. doi:10.2307/2131006. JSTOR 2131006. S2CID 153807847.

External links

• Works related to Payton v. New York at Wikisource
• Text of Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)