Wikipedia

Oxnard, California

(Redirected from Oxnard, CA)
"Oxnard" redirects here. For other uses, see Oxnard (disambiguation).

Oxnard (/ˈɒksnɑːrd/ ⓘ) is a city in Ventura County in the U.S. state of California, United States. On California's Central Coast, it is the most populous city in Ventura County and the 22nd-most-populous city in California. Incorporated in 1903, Oxnard lies approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles.

Oxnard, California
City
Clockwise: Channel Islands Harbor; Carnegie Art Museum; hotel at the beach
Official logo of Oxnard, California
Logo
Nickname(s): 
Gateway to the Channel Islands, The Nard[1]
Location in Ventura County and the state of California
Location in Ventura County and the state of California
Oxnard is located in California
Oxnard
Oxnard
Location in the United States
Oxnard is located in the United States
Oxnard
Oxnard
Oxnard (the United States)
Coordinates: 34°11′29″N 119°10′57″W / 34.19139°N 119.18250°W / 34.19139; -119.18250
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyVentura
RegionOxnard Plain
IncorporatedJune 30, 1903[2]
Named forHenry T. Oxnard
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • MayorJohn Zaragoza
 • City council[4]
  • John Zaragoza
  • Bryan A. MacDonald
  • Oscar Madrigal
  • Gabe Teran
  • Bert Perello
  • Gabriela Basua
  • Arthur Valenzuela, Jr.
 • City treasurerPhil Molina
 • City clerkRose Chaparro[3]
 • City managerAlexander Nguyen
Area
[5]
 • City
39.14 sq mi (101.38 km2)
 • Land26.53 sq mi (68.70 km2)
 • Water12.62 sq mi (32.68 km2)  31.41%
Elevation
[6]
52 ft (16 m)
Population
 (2020)[7]
 • City
202,063
 • Rank1st in Ventura County
22nd in California
126th in the United States
 • Density7,616.40/sq mi (2,940.71/km2)
 • Urban
376,117 (US: 109th)
 • Urban density4,909.7/sq mi (1,895.6/km2)
 • Metro
843,843 (US: 71st)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes[8]
93030–93036
Area codes805 and 820
FIPS code06-54652
GNIS feature IDs1652766, 2411347
Websiteoxnard.gov

It is at the western edge of the fertile Oxnard Plain, adjacent to agricultural fields with strawberries, lima beans and other vegetable crops. Oxnard is also a major transportation hub in Southern California, with Amtrak, Union Pacific, Metrolink, Greyhound, and Intercalifornias stopping there. It also has a small regional airport, Oxnard Airport (OXR). The town also has significant connections to the nearby oil fields Oxnard Oil Field and the West Montalvo Oil Field. The high density of oil, industry, and agricultural activities around the city, has led to several environmental issues.[9]

Oxnard's population was 202,063 in 2020,[10] and is largely Latino.[9] It is the most populous city in the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

edit
 
Oxnard was originally a part of Rancho El Rio de Santa Clara o la Colonia, granted in 1837 by Governor Alvarado to seven retired soldiers from the Presidio of Santa Barbara.
 
Downtown Oxnard, early 1900s

Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by Chumash Native Americans. The first European to encounter the area was explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho, who claimed it for Spain in 1542. During the mission period, Mission San Buenaventura, established in 1782, used the area for raising cattle.

Ranching began to take hold among Californio settlers, who lost their regional influence when California became a US state in 1850. At about the same time, the area was settled by American farmers, who cultivated barley and lima beans.[11]

Henry T. Oxnard, founder of Moorhead, Minnesota-based American Crystal Sugar Company who operated a successful sugar beet factory with his three brothers (Benjamin, James, and Robert) in Chino, California, was enticed to build a $2 million factory on the plain inland from Port Hueneme.[12] Shortly after the 1897 beet campaign, a new town emerged, now commemorated on the National Register of Historic Places as the Henry T. Oxnard Historic District. Oxnard intended to name the settlement after the Greek word for "sugar", zachari, but frustrated by bureaucracy, named it after himself. Given the potential growth of Oxnard, in the spring of 1898, a railroad station was built to service the plant, attracting a population of Chinese, Japanese, and Mexican laborers and enough commerce to merit the designation of a town. The Oxnard brothers, who never lived in their namesake city, sold the Chino and the giant red-brick Oxnard factory in 1899 for nearly $4 million. The Oxnard factory, with its landmark twin smokestacks, operated from August 19, 1899, until October 26, 1959. Factory operations were interrupted in the Oxnard Strike of 1903.

 
Oxnard, 1908. The public library is at the right.

Oxnard was incorporated as a California city on June 30, 1903, and the public library was opened in 1907.[13] Before and during World War II, the naval bases of Point Mugu and Port Hueneme were established in the area to take advantage of the only major navigable port on California's coast between the Port of Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay, and the bases in turn encouraged the development of the defense-based aerospace and communications industries.

In the mid-20th century, Oxnard grew and developed the areas outside the downtown area, including homes, industry, retail, and a new harbor named Channel Islands Harbor. Martin V. ("Bud") Smith (1916–2001) became an influential developer. Smith's first enterprise in 1941 was the Colonial House Restaurant (demolished 1988) and then the Wagon Wheel Junction in 1947 (demolished 2011).[14] He was also involved in the development of the high-rise towers at the Topa Financial Plaza,[15] the Channel Islands Harbor, Casa Sirena Resort, the Esplanade Shopping Mall,[16] Fisherman's Wharf, the Carriage Square Shopping Center, the Maritime Museum, and many other hotel, restaurant and retail projects.[17][18] In the late 1970s, as the demographic shifted towards becoming a majority-Latino city, the Ku Klux Klan, which historically had a weak presence in Ventura County, unsuccessfully tried to form a chapter in Oxnard.[19]

In June 2004, the Oxnard Police Department and the Ventura County Sheriff imposed a gang injunction over a 6.6-square-mile (17 km2) area of the central district of the city, to restrict gang activity.[20] The injunction was upheld in the Ventura County Superior Court and made a permanent law in 2005.[21] A similar injunction was imposed in September 2006 over a 4.26-square-mile (11.0 km2) area of the south side of the city.[22] Prohibited activities include associating with other known gang members, witness intimidation, possessing firearms or using gang gestures.[23] Since then, court decisions have made adding people to the civil orders more stringent, stemming from lawsuits in Los Angeles and Orange counties. Judges determined that it was unconstitutional for people to be added to a gang injunction without a due process hearing. As a result of budget cuts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Oxnard police stopped maintaining and enforcing the injunction in 2020.[24]

Geography

edit

Oxnard is located on the Oxnard Plain, an area with fertile soil. With its beaches, dunes, wetlands, creeks, and the Santa Clara River, the area contains several critical biological communities. Native plant communities include: coastal sage scrub, California Annual Grassland, and Coastal Dune Scrub species; however, most native plants have been eliminated from within the city limits to make way for agriculture and urban and industrial development. Also native to the region is the endangered Ventura Marsh Milkvetch, and the last self-sustaining population is in Oxnard in the center of an approved housing development.[25]

Rivers

edit

The Santa Clara River separates Oxnard and Ventura. Tributaries to this river include Sespe Creek, Piru Creek, and Castaic Creek.

Geology

edit

Oxnard is on a tectonically active plate since most of Coastal California is near the boundaries between the Pacific and North American Plates. The San Andreas Fault, which demarcates this boundary, is about 40 miles away.

One active fault that transverses Oxnard is the Oak Ridge Fault, which straddles the Santa Clara River Valley westward from the Santa Susana Mountains, crosses the Oxnard Plain through Oxnard, and extends into the Santa Barbara Channel. The coastline is subject to inundation by a tsunami up to 23 feet in height.[26]

The fault has significantly contributed to seismic activity in the Oxnard region and beyond. The January 17, 1994, 6.7 Mw  Northridge earthquake is believed to have occurred in the Santa Clarita extension of the Oak Ridge Fault. Landslides and ridge-top shattering resulting from the Northridge earthquake were observed above Moorpark, a city 19.6 mi (31.5 km)[27] east of Oxnard.[28]

Climate

edit

Oxnard is the location of the National Weather Service forecast office that serves the Los Angeles area.[29] The city is situated in a Mediterranean (dry subtropical) climate zone, experiencing mild and relatively wet winters, and warm, dry summers, in a climate called the warm-summer Mediterranean climate. Onshore breezes keep the communities of Oxnard cooler in summer and warmer in winter than those further inland. The average mean temperature is 61 °F (16 °C). The average minimum temperature is 52 °F (11 °C) and the average maximum temperature is 69 °F (21 °C). Generally, the weather is mild and dry, with around 300 days of sunshine annually. The average annual precipitation is 15.62 in (397 mm).[30]

Climate data for Oxnard, California (Oxnard Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1923–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 94
(34) 		91
(33) 		94
(34) 		100
(38) 		98
(37) 		102
(39) 		96
(36) 		97
(36) 		105
(41) 		104
(40) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 81.7
(27.6) 		80.8
(27.1) 		82.7
(28.2) 		85.3
(29.6) 		80.6
(27.0) 		80.3
(26.8) 		83.0
(28.3) 		84.1
(28.9) 		87.6
(30.9) 		92.3
(33.5) 		86.6
(30.3) 		79.6
(26.4) 		94.8
(34.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 65.9
(18.8) 		65.4
(18.6) 		65.6
(18.7) 		66.6
(19.2) 		68.0
(20.0) 		69.5
(20.8) 		72.9
(22.7) 		73.5
(23.1) 		73.5
(23.1) 		73.5
(23.1) 		70.0
(21.1) 		65.9
(18.8) 		69.2
(20.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 56.0
(13.3) 		56.6
(13.7) 		57.4
(14.1) 		58.5
(14.7) 		61.2
(16.2) 		63.7
(17.6) 		66.7
(19.3) 		67.1
(19.5) 		66.6
(19.2) 		64.5
(18.1) 		60.1
(15.6) 		56.4
(13.6) 		61.2
(16.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 46.1
(7.8) 		47.7
(8.7) 		49.3
(9.6) 		50.5
(10.3) 		54.3
(12.4) 		57.9
(14.4) 		60.6
(15.9) 		60.6
(15.9) 		59.7
(15.4) 		55.4
(13.0) 		50.1
(10.1) 		46.9
(8.3) 		53.3
(11.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 37.8
(3.2) 		38.4
(3.6) 		40.4
(4.7) 		43.1
(6.2) 		47.4
(8.6) 		50.8
(10.4) 		54.5
(12.5) 		54.5
(12.5) 		52.6
(11.4) 		47.7
(8.7) 		41.6
(5.3) 		37.4
(3.0) 		35.8
(2.1)
Record low °F (°C) 26
(−3) 		28
(−2) 		31
(−1) 		31
(−1) 		34
(1) 		37
(3) 		42
(6) 		43
(6) 		40
(4) 		35
(2) 		28
(−2) 		28
(−2) 		26
(−3)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.92
(74) 		3.26
(83) 		2.30
(58) 		0.69
(18) 		0.34
(8.6) 		0.06
(1.5) 		0.02
(0.51) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.08
(2.0) 		0.46
(12) 		0.71
(18) 		2.08
(53) 		12.93
(328.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.9 6.6 5.6 3.7 2.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 2.3 4.5 4.6 5.7 44.0
Source 1: NOAA[31]
Source 2: National Weather Service[32]

Wildlife and ecology

edit
See also: California coastal sage and chaparral

The area contains several critical biological communities. Native plant communities include coastal sage scrub, California Annual Grassland, and Coastal Dune Scrub species; most native plants have been eliminated from within the city limits to make way for development. Also native to the region is the endangered Ventura Marsh Milkvetch, with the last self-sustaining population in Oxnard being at the center of a housing development.[25]

The balance of wildlife in Oxnard is similar to most places in southern California, with small mammals being common in urbanized areas, like squirrels, raccoons, and skunks. Coyotes prey on these smaller mammals. Small birds and mammals can be food for stray, feral, and pet dogs and cats.[33]

Environmental issues

edit

Oxnard has more coastal power plants than any other city in California, with three fossil-fuel power plants providing energy for cities in both Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties.[34][35] The California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) has identified Oxnard as a city excessively burdened by multiple sources of pollution.[36] Two of the power plants use ocean water cooling.[37][38] The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has categorized much of Oxnard in the top 10 percent of ZIP codes most negatively impacted by pollution in the state.[36][39] In May 2015, the Oxnard City Council unanimously voted to extend the city moratorium on power plant construction. This moratorium extension occurred due to NRG/Southern California Edison's proposal, also called the Puente Power Project,[36] to construct a new fossil-fuel power plant. The following day, an NRG representative stated their case to replace the old power generation plant at Mandalay Beach with a new, hi-tech, much cleaner, and more efficient plant.[40]

Pesticides are used in the agricultural fields surrounding Oxnard, as the area is one of the nation's leading strawberry producers, with agriculture being one of the top contributors to Oxnard's economy. Strawberries depend on large applications of fumigants containing pesticides. The Center for Health Journalism reported four ZIP codes with the highest pesticide use in the state clustered around Oxnard.[41]

Architecture

edit

The historical architectural styles of Oxnard ranch family homes are Victorian era, Italian style, and Carpenter Gothic.[42] In the Henry T. Oxnard Historic District, there are five Prairie School and eight Tudor Revival homes.[43] The district includes Mission/Spanish Revival, Bungalow/craftsman, Colonial Revival, and other architecture.[44]

Cityscape

edit

Oxnard is a combination of neighborhoods and urban development focused on the downtown, coastline, and harbor areas.[45] The city's main land uses are industrial, residential, commercial, and open space.[46] One and two-story buildings characterize the city. The two tallest buildings in the county are in the northern part of the city at Topa Financial Plaza. The fourteen-floor high-rise was built in 1973, and the 21-floor high-rise was built in 1986.[47] The city is surrounded by agricultural land and the Pacific Ocean, as well as the Santa Clara River. The city's primary development lies along Highway 101 and the other main roads.[48]

The Henry T. Oxnard Historic District is a 70-acre (28 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Oxnard. Covering approximately F and G Sts., between Palm and 5th Sts., in the city, the district includes 139 contributing buildings and includes homes mostly built before 1925.[44] It contains abundant Craftsman architecturelCraftsmanand Revival architecture.[43][49]

Ormond Beach is a beach along the Oxnard coast. The beach, which stretches for two miles,[50] adjoins the Ormond Wetlands, some farmland, and power plant remains. It covers the area in between Points Hueneme and Mugu and is a well-known birding area. The beach historically contained marshes, salt flats, sloughs, and lagoons, but surrounding agriculture and industry have drained, filled, and degraded the beach and wetlands. A dune-transition zone-marsh system is still along much of the beach.[51][52]

Demographics

edit
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19102,555—
19204,41772.9%
19306,28542.3%
19408,51935.5%
195021,567153.2%
196040,26586.7%
197071,22576.9%
1980108,19551.9%
1990142,21631.4%
2000170,35819.8%
2010197,89916.2%
2020202,0632.1%
2023 (est.)197,477[53]−2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[54]

2020

edit
Oxnard, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[55] Pop 2010[56] Pop 2020[57] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 35,049 29,410 26,415 20.57% 14.86% 13.07%
Black or African American alone (NH) 5,923 4,754 4,235 3.48% 2.40% 2.10%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 597 424 392 0.35% 0.21% 0.19%
Asian alone (NH) 12,257 14,084 14,987 7.19% 7.12% 7.42%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 562 537 489 0.33% 0.27% 0.24%
Other race alone (NH) 182 230 772 0.11% 0.12% 0.38%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 2,981 2,909 3,789 1.75% 1.47% 1.88%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 112,807 145,551 150,984 66.22% 73.55% 74.72%
Total 170,358 197,889 202,063 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010

edit

The 2010 United States Census[58] reported that Oxnard had a population of 197,899. The population density was 7,358 inhabitants per square mile (2,841/km2). The racial makeup of Oxnard included 95,346 (48.2%) White, 5,771 (2.9%) African American, 2,953 (1.5%) Native American, 14,550 (7.4%) Asian, 658 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 69,527 (35.1%) from other races, and 9,094 (4.6%) from two or more races. In addition, 145,551 people (73.5%) were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Non-Hispanic Whites were 14.9% of the population in 2010,[59] compared to 42.6% in 1980.[60]

The Census reported that 196,465 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 932 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 502 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 49,797 households, out of which 25,794 (51.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 28,319 (56.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,634 (15.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,043 (8.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,316 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 395 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 7,090 households (14.2%) were individuals, and 2,665 (5.4%) had someone who was 65 or older living alone. The average household size was 3.95. There were 39,996 families (80.3% of all households); the average family size was 4.20.

The population was spread out, with 59,018 people (29.8%) under the age of 18, 23,913 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 57,966 people (29.3%) aged 25 to 44, 40,584 people (20.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 16,418 people (8.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.

There were 52,772 housing units at an average density of 1,962 units per square mile (758 units/km2), of which 27,760 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 22,037 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 107,482 people (54.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units, and 88,983 (45.0%) lived in rental housing units.

2000 census

edit

As of the census[61] of 2000, there were 170,358 people, 43,576 households, and 34,947 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,729.7 inhabitants per square mile (2,598.4/km2). There were 45,166 housing units at an average density of 1,784.2 units per square mile (688.9 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 42.1% White, 3.8% African American, 1.3% Native American, 7.4% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 40.4% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Two-thirds of the population (66.2%) was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 43,576 households, of which 46.1% had children under 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 14.6% of all households comprised individuals, and 5.6% had someone who was 65 or older living alone. The average household size was 3.85 and the average family size was 4.16

In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.8% under 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,603, and the median income for a family was $49,150. Males had a median income of $30,643 versus $25,381 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,288. About 11.4% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

edit

The economy of Oxnard includes defense, international trade, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Oxnard is a manufacturing center in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The Port of Hueneme is the only deep-harbor commercial port between Los Angeles and San Francisco and moves trade within the Pacific Rim economies. Companies utilizing the Port include Del Monte Foods, Chiquita, BMW, Land Rover, and Jaguar.[62] Other industries include finance, transportation, the high tech industry, and energy, particularly petroleum. Two large active oil fields underlie the city and adjacent areas: the Oxnard Oil Field, east of the city along 5th Street, and the West Montalvo Oil Field along the coast to the west of town. Tenby Inc.'s Oxnard Refinery, on 5th Street east of Del Norte Avenue, processes oil from both fields.[63]

According to the city's 2024/25 Budget,[64] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Oxnard School District 3,870
2 Reiter 2,447
3 City of Oxnard 1,960
4 CommonSpirit Health 1,933
5 Procter & Gamble 1,898
6 St. John's Regional Medical Center 1,500
7 Haas Automation 1,390
8 Oxnard Union High School District 1,203
9 Spatz Laboratories 1,117
10 Raypak 557

Some of the major companies headquartered in Oxnard are Haas Automation, Seminis, Raypak, Drum Workshop, Borla Performance,[65] Boss Audio, Seed Beauty,[66] and Robbins Auto Tops[67] Procter & Gamble[68][69] and Sysco maintain their West Coast operations in Oxnard.

In October 2020, city officials announced that once a large swath of agricultural land is fully developed into a business park by late 2021, it is estimated that up to 8,700 jobs will be created in the area.[70] An Amazon fulfillment center opened in 2022 that serves Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo counties.[71][72]

Agriculture

edit

"The areas studied showed a high percentage of Group I soils, primarily located on the relatively flat Oxnard Plain. The Oxnard Plain, because of these high-quality agricultural soils, coupled with a favorable climate, is considered one of the most fertile areas in the world."[73]

In 1995, SOAR (Save Open Space and Agricultural Resources) was initiated by farmers, ranchers, and citizens of Ventura County to keep land in the Oxnard Plain from development.[74]

Strawberries

edit
 
Strawberry field

The Oxnard Plain is well known for its strawberries. According to the USDA, Oxnard is California's largest strawberry producer, supplying about one-third of the State's annual strawberry volume.[75] From the end of September through the end of October, strawberries are planted and harvesting occurs from mid-December through mid-July in Oxnard. The peak harvesting season in California runs from April through June when up to 10 million pint baskets of strawberries are shipped daily.[76] The state of California supplies over 85 percent of U.S. strawberries, with the U.S. supplying a quarter of total world production of strawberries.[77]

The annual California Strawberry Festival[78] features vendors as well as food items based on the fruit such as strawberry nachos, strawberry pizza, strawberry funnel cake, strawberry sundaes, and strawberry champagne.[79][80]

Pests that attack this crop are economically impactful in this town.[81] Much of the research and effort is expended here and in Watsonville and Salinas.[81] Economically significant insects include the Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum).[81]

Cannabis

edit
Further information: Cannabis in California

In 2018, 80% of the voters approved a cannabis tax.[82] The city council adopted a "go slow" approach upon the legalization of recreational cannabis in California.[83] Companies must be licensed by the local agency and the state to grow, test, or sell cannabis and the city may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults who comply with state laws from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use. After an initial ban, businesses focusing on manufacturing, testing, and distributing cannabis were allowed to apply for a permit to operate in July 2019.[84] An initial process in May 2020 to select retail proposals was challenged by unsuccessful applicants.[85] After revising the city ordinance, the council decided in September 2020 to allow ten retail licences to be issued.[86] A social equity component to maximize the ability for communities of color to benefit from the new industry as owners and investors and managers and employees as allowed by state law was not included.[87] The city requires dispensaries to be a minimum of 600 feet (180 m) from schools or daycare centers.[88] A special-use permit was approved for a retail store in an Oxnard Shores neighborhood shopping center in February 2022 amidst organized opposition from the neighborhood.[89] The first dispensary in the city opened in the downtown area in December 2022.[90]

Oil fields

edit

Oxnard

edit
This section is an excerpt from Oxnard Oil Field.[edit]
 
The Oxnard Oil Field in Ventura County, California. Other oil fields are shown in dark gray.
The Oxnard Oil Field is a large and productive oil field in and adjacent to the city of Oxnard, in Ventura County, California in the United States. Its conventional oil reserves are close to exhaustion, with only an estimated one percent of the original oil recoverable with current technology remaining: 434,000 barrels (69,000 m3) out of an original 43.5 million. However, the reservoir includes an enormous deposit of tar sands, ultra-heavy oil classed as an unconventional petroleum reserve, and potentially containing 600 million barrels (95,000,000 m3) of oil equivalent, should it become economically feasible to extract.[91] Present operators on the field include Tri-Valley Oil & Gas Co., Anterra Energy Services, Inc., Chase Production Co., and Occidental Petroleum through its Vintage Production subsidiary.[92] As of the beginning of 2009, there were 34 active wells on the field.[92]

West Montalvo

edit
This section is an excerpt from West Montalvo Oil Field.[edit]
 
The West Montalvo Oil Field in Ventura County, California. Other oil fields are shown in dark gray.
The West Montalvo Oil Field is a large and productive oil field on the coast of Ventura County, California, in the United States, in and adjacent to the city of Oxnard, California. Discovered in 1947,[93] it has produced approximately 50 million barrels (7,900,000 m3) of oil, and originally contained up to 650 million barrels of oil in both the onshore and offshore areas. The offshore portion of the field is exploited from wells directionally drilled from onshore near McGrath Lake, from within an enclosure above the high-tide line at McGrath State Beach.

Arts and culture

edit
 
Oxnard Post Office

Oxnard cultural institutions include the Carnegie Art Museum, founded in 1907 as the Oxnard Public Library by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie; the Chandler Vintage Museum of Transportation and Wildlife, founded by the late Los Angeles Times publisher Otis Chandler, and the Channel Islands Maritime Museum.[94] The Henry T. Oxnard Historic District[95] is adjacent to the commercial downtown area and dates back to the founding of the city.

Heritage Square in downtown is a collection of restored Victorian and Craftsman houses that Oxnard's pioneer ranching families once owned.[96][97] Heritage Square is home to the Petit Playhouse[98] and the Elite Theatre Company.[99] The Oxnard Performing Arts and Convention Center[100][101] is home to the New West Symphony.[102] The Gottfried Maulhardt/Albert Pfeiler Farm site is an historic farm park.[103]

Oxnard also has the Oxnard Independent Film Festival[104] and the annual Channel Islands Tall Ships Festival.[105] The Herzog Winery is based in Oxnard[106] along with other wine tasting rooms.[107] During late July, the annual Salsa Festival is held in downtown Oxnard, featuring a salsa tasting tent, local bands, a large dance floor, local vendors, as well as many salsa based food vendors.[108]

Sports

edit

The Dallas Cowboys currently hold their pre-season training camp at River Ridge Field in Oxnard.[109] They also trained in Oxnard in 2001, 2004–06, 2008–10 and 2012–16 (the Cowboys trained at California Lutheran University in nearby Thousand Oaks in 1963–89). The New Orleans Saints trained in Oxnard in 2011.[110] The Los Angeles Raiders trained at River Ridge in the 1980s and 90s.[111]

On February 4, 2016, the Los Angeles Rams (an NFL team) selected Oxnard to be the site of their official team activities and minicamp. On February 19, 2016, the city of Oxnard and the Rams reached a tentative agreement to host official team activities and minicamps at River Ridge Playing Fields. On February 23, 2016, the Oxnard City Council voted unanimously 5–0 to allow the Los Angeles Rams to use the River Ridge Playing Fields facility from April 18 to June 17 and the locker room space from March 28 until June 24.

River Ridge Golf Course has two 18-hole courses flanked by housing developments.[112]

Government

edit
See also: List of mayors of Oxnard, California

Oxnard lies within the 26th congressional district, which is represented by Democrat Julia Brownley.

Education

edit

The city of Oxnard is served by 54 public school campuses, which educate more than 53,000 students in grades K–12.

Public elementary and junior high schools

edit

The city of Oxnard and surrounding communities are served by four different school districts that oversee education for students grades K–8. They are:

On February 12, 2008, a shooting involving students occurred at E.O. Green Junior High School in Oxnard. Larry King was shot in one of the classrooms, from which he was taken to St. John's Hospital and later died.[113]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles administers three private K–8 schools in Oxnard and one Roman Catholic High School.

Roman Catholic grade schools

edit
  • Our Lady of Guadalupe Elementary School, Oxnard (La Colonia) K-8
  • Santa Clara Elementary School, Oxnard, TK-8
  • Saint Anthony Elementary School, South Oxnard, K-8

High schools

edit
 
Oxnard High School

All public high schools in Oxnard are operated by the Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), which provides high school education to 20,000 students at ten campuses in three cities (Oxnard, Camarillo and Port Hueneme) as well as the unincorporated areas of El Rio, Somis, Silver Strand, and Hollywood Beach. OUHSD campuses in and around Oxnard include Channel Islands High School, Hueneme High School, Oxnard High School, Pacifica High School, Oxnard Middle College High School, and Rio Mesa High School, as well as Oxnard Adult School.[114] Additionally, construction of a new high school has been begun, Del Sol High School.[115]

Santa Clara High School is a private Roman Catholic high school administered by the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

Colleges and universities

edit
 
Cal Lutheran Oxnard Center

Oxnard is served on the collegiate level by Oxnard College and nearby California State University Channel Islands. Additionally, California Lutheran University, California State University, Northridge, University of Phoenix, University of California, Santa Barbara, National University, and Azusa Pacific University have satellite campuses in Oxnard.

Library

edit
Main article: Oxnard Public Library

The city operates a free public library system with three locations: the Downtown Main Library, the Colonia Branch Library, and the South Oxnard Branch Library.[116] Some library sites include a Homework Center and an adjacent daycare center.

Infrastructure

edit

Sanitation

edit

Oxnard collects and processes trash, recyclables, and green waste for its citizens and businesses.[117] The city also has a large treatment plant for the collection of wastewater through the sanitary sewer.[118] An anaerobic digester breaks down solids as waste moves through the plant.[119]

Transportation

edit

Road

edit

The Ventura Freeway (US 101) is the major highway running through Oxnard, connecting Ventura and Santa Barbara to the northwest, and Los Angeles to the southeast. The Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1) heads down the coast south to Malibu. Highway 34 (Fifth Street) connects downtown Oxnard with Camarillo by running east parallel with the Southern Pacific Coast Line, which carries Coast Starlight, Pacific Surfliner and Ventura County Line passenger trains. State Route 232 (Vineyard Avenue) heads northeast, providing connections to California State Route 118 to Saticoy and the junction with California State Route 126 which goes to Santa Paula, Fillmore and Santa Clarita.

Port

edit
Further information: Port of Hueneme

The Port of Hueneme is located south of Oxnard in the city of Port Hueneme and is jointly operated by the United States Navy and the Oxnard Harbor District. The port is the only deep water port between the Port of Long Beach and the Port of San Francisco, as well as the only military deep water port between San Diego Bay and Puget Sound.

The Port of Hueneme is a shipping and receiving point for a wide variety of resources with destinations in the larger population centers of the Los Angeles Basin. Resources include automobiles, pineapple, and bananas. Agricultural products such as onions, strawberries, and flowers are shipped.[120]

The United States Navy maintains a facility at Port Hueneme in support of the naval air station at Point Mugu to the south, with which it comprises Naval Base Ventura County. Port Hueneme is the West Coast home of the Naval Construction Force, the "Seabees", as well as a link in the coastal radar system.

Harbor

edit

Channel Islands Harbor provides recreational boating and commercial fishing moorings. It shares the nickname "Gateway to the Channel Islands" with Ventura Harbor seven miles (11 km) to the north because operations that sail to the islands out of the harbors. Both harbors are vital fishing industry harbors.

Airport

edit

Oxnard Airport is a general aviation airport within the city that is owned and operated by the County of Ventura. While commercial service was offered in the past, no airlines currently provide service.

Public transit

edit
 
Oxnard Transit Center

The Oxnard Transit Center serves as a major transit hub for the city and the west county.[121]

Rail

edit
Metrolink
Six round-trip trains from the Ventura County Line provide commuter service to Los Angeles on weekdays during peak hours.
Amtrak
Ten round-trip Pacific Surfliners daily through Los Angeles to San Diego. Some northbound trains to Santa Barbara continue to San Luis Obispo. The Coast Starlight, which travels from Los Angeles to Seattle, stops twice a day (once in each direction), making the west Ventura County stop here (east county stop is Simi Valley).

Bus

edit
Gold Coast Transit District
Operates local bus service in the city of Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Ventura, and Ojai. Its hub is the Oxnard Transit Center.[122]
VCTC Intercity
Operates three Conejo Connection buses during peak hours towards the Warner Center Transit Hub in the San Fernando Valley, connecting with the Metro G Line. The Conejo Connection does not go to the Oxnard Transit Center, but instead stops at the Esplanade Shopping Center near Highway 101.[123] VCTC also operates the Coastal Connection through Ventura towards Santa Barbara and Goleta from the Esplanade.[124]

A smaller transfer center at the Centerpoint Mall on C Street for Gold Coast Transit serves South Oxnard and Port Hueneme routes. VCTC also operates the Oxnard-CSUCI route to California State University, Channel Islands and Oxnard College from this transfer center.[125]

edit

Oxnard is mentioned in the season 3 episode of The Big Bang Theory entitled "The Jiminy Conjecture". Sheldon and Howard bet on what kind of cricket they hear in the hallway from Sheldon's apartment. They take the cricket to Professor Crawley (Lewis Black), a Caltech entomologist. While consulting Professor Crawley, he informs them that since he lost his funding, he has to move in with his daughter in Oxnard.[126][127]

Oxnard is also the name of Anderson .Paak's third studio album.[128]

The city of Oxnard is featured in the season 1 Nickelodeon sitcom Sam & Cat in Episode 22 titled, "#Lumpatious". The episode involves the titular characters attempting to get the word "lumpatious" added to the in-universe "Oxnard English Dictionary". However, the characters believe that the only way to get the word added to the dictionary is to meet with the people who run the dictionary called "the word keepers", who convene in the headquarters of the dictionary located in Oxnard, and convince them to add the word to the dictionary.[129]

Notable people

edit

Political and cultural

edit
  • Lucy Hicks Anderson: trans-woman, socialite, and chef, most notable for being tried in the Ventura County court for perjury for marrying a man while "masquerading" as a woman in 1945.[130]
  • Lupe Anguiano: former nun and civil rights activist known for her work on women's rights, the rights of the poor, and protecting the environment.
  • John L. Canley: retired United States Marine and recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
  • Lee Van Cleef: An American actor who appeared in over 170 film and television roles in a career spanning nearly 40 years, but is best known as a star of Italian Spaghetti Westerns, particularly the Sergio Leone-directed Dollars Trilogy films For a Few Dollars More (1965) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). He received a Golden Boot Award in 1983 for his contribution to the Western film and television genre.
  • César Chávez: farm worker, political activist, and union leader lived in the Colonia area of Oxnard during his childhood. Several streets and schools in the Oxnard area and surrounding areas bear his name. A home on Wright Road in the El Rio neighborhood, northwest of Highway 101 and Rose Avenue, is where Chavez lived with his family in the late 1950s while advocating for local farm workers. Also, the office of the National Farm Workers Association – which later became United Farm Workers — was on Cooper Road, east of Garfield Avenue in the Colonia neighborhood. The Oxnard office opened in 1966, the year of a historic march from Delano to Sacramento.[131][132]
  • William P. Clark: politician, served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.
  • Alicia Cuarón: Mexican-American educator, human rights activist, and Franciscan nun
  • Jean Harris: credited with protecting Ormond Beach Wetlands and 'olołkoy State Beach
  • Meagan Hockaday: killed by police[133]
  • Maria Gulovich Liu: Ventura County real estate agent, OSS agent in WWII[134]
  • Armando Xavier Ochoa: was the Bishop of Fresno and was formerly the Bishop of El Paso.
  • Carmen Perez is an activist on issues of civil rights, including mass incarceration, women's rights and gender equity, violence prevention, racial healing, and community policing.[135]
  • Alfred V. Rascon: awarded the Medal of Honor—the United States' highest military decoration.
  • James Sumner: After military service, he was awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration. He resided in Oxnard.
  • Nao Takasugi: California State Assembly and mayor of Oxnard.

Authors

edit

Musicians and singers

edit

Scholars and scientists

edit

Businesspeople

edit
  • Martin V. ("Bud") Smith: developer and philanthropist, the most significant developer in the Oxnard area, built the Financial Plaza Towers and financed the construction of CSUCI's school of business and economics. His first real estate project was the Wagon Wheel Motel & Restaurant and Wagon Wheel Junction.[140][141]
  • Charles C. Lynch is the former owner of a city-sanctioned, awarded in 2006, a medical marijuana dispensary in Morro Bay, California. Lynch obtained a Medical marijuana dispensary Business License and a Medical Marijuana Nursery Permit and was a member of the local Chamber of Commerce. He was born in Oxnard.
  • Stanley Clark Meston: An American architect, he is most famous for designing the original golden arches of McDonald's restaurants. He was born in Oxnard.
  • Ben Rich: was director of Lockheed Skunk Works from 1975 to 1991 and retired to Oxnard.[142]

Actors and TV personalities

edit

Athletes and sportspeople

edit

Sister city

edit
 
Digital reproduction of the Oxnard-Ocotlan sister city flag presented at the Sister Cities bicentennial flag presentation around 1976.

Oxnard is sister cities with   Ocotlán, Jalisco (Mexico).[147] This relationship was commemorated with a flag at the Sister Cities bicentennial flag presentation sometime around 1976.[148]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Miller, Stacy (June 19, 2018). "Ahhhh, life in the 'Nard…". West Ventura County Business Alliance. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  2. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  3. ^ "City Clerk". City of Oxnard. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  4. ^ "City Council Members". City of Oxnard. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  5. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  6. ^ "Oxnard". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
  7. ^ "Oxnard (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  8. ^ "ZIP Code(tm) Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Oxnard residents are fighting slag heaps, power plants and oil fields that mar the town's beaches". Los Angeles Times. July 9, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  10. ^ "US Census Bureau QuickFacts Oxnard (City)". Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  11. ^ Drury, Wells; Drury, Aubrey (1913). California Tourist Guide and Handbook: Authentic Description of Routes of Travel and Points of Interest in California. Western guidebook Company. p. 132.
  12. ^ "Oxnard, California", BEET SUGAR, The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, no. XXIX No. 1, p. 59, July 5, 1902, retrieved January 23, 2019 – via Google Books
  13. ^ "A Brief History of Downtown Oxnard". CNU California. December 2, 2017. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  14. ^ Clerici, Kevin (March 23, 2011). "Demolition begins on Wagon Wheel Motel and Restaurant". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  15. ^ Leung, Wendy (September 13, 2017). "City Council approves agreement for 15-story Oxnard tower". Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  16. ^ Hersko, Tyler (December 18, 2018). "Oxnard's Esplanade Shopping Center purchased by Santa Barbara company". Ventura County Star. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  17. ^ Miller, Gregg (January 1, 1995). "Bud Smith's Empire 54 Years in the Making and No End in Sight". Los Angeles Times.
  18. ^ Wilson, Kathleen (September 10, 2015). "Developer negotiating to open Hyatt hotel at Channel Islands Harbor". Ventura County Star. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  19. ^ "Anti-Klan Protest Leads to Melee". The New York Times. July 31, 1978. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  20. ^ "Oxnard Police Department News – Gang Injunction". October 16, 2006. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ Saillant, Catherine; Alvarez, Fred (April 26, 2005). "Judge Favors Permanent Gang Ban". Los Angeles Times.
  22. ^ Saillant, Catherine (September 20, 2006). "Zone Is OKd to Limit Oxnard Gang". Los Angeles Times.
  23. ^ Brest, Jessica (November 14, 2019). "Judge grants modifications to Oxnard gang ruling". KEYT | KCOY. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  24. ^ Diskin, Megan. "Oxnard police will abandon gang injunctions, department announces". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus". Center for Plant Conservation. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  26. ^ Lloyd, Jonathan (August 20, 2015). "Ventura, Oxnard Might Be at Greater Tsunami Risk: Study". Associated Press. Retrieved November 20, 2019 – via NBC Southern California.
  27. ^ "Distance from Oxnard, CA to Moorpark, CA by car, bike, walk". www.usageo.org. USAGeo.org. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  28. ^ "MPAcorn.com". MPAcorn.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  29. ^ "National Weather Service Los Angeles/Oxnard". Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  30. ^ "Oxnard Climate". NOAA. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  31. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Oxnard Ventura CO AP, CA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  32. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Los Angeles". National Weather Service. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
  33. ^ Wolch, West and Gaines Transspecies Urban Theory from Satiety and Space 1995. volume 13, pages 735–760
  34. ^ "Not One More Power Plant on Oxnard's Coast". caleja.org. California Environmental Justice Alliance. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  35. ^ "Proposed Puente Power Plant in Oxnard". www.environmentaldefensecenter.org. » Environmental Defense Center. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c "California Energy Commission Informational Hearing for the proposed "Puente" Energy Facility Application" (PDF). California Energy Commission. State of California. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  37. ^ Leung, Wendy. "Battery storage project slated near Oxnard will be among the nation's biggest". Ventura County Star. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  38. ^ Roth, Sammy (September 24, 2019). "California could face power shortages if these gas plants shut down, officials say". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  39. ^ Morales, Maricela (July 12, 2015). "Not one more power plant in Oxnard". causenow.org. CAUSE. Archived from the original on September 22, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  40. ^ Miller, George (May 22, 2015). "Oxnard extends power plant moratorium another year; NRG states its case on KADYTV". Citizens Journal. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  41. ^ Gross, Liza. "How Data Reporting Can Help You Find New Angles On Oft-told Tales". Center for Health Journalism. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  42. ^ Craven, Jackie. "How One Town Saved its Crumbling Homes". About.com Home. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  43. ^ a b Benny M. and Rosanne Moss (June 8, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Henry T. Oxnard Historic District". National Park Service. and accompanying 140 photos
  44. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places.
  45. ^ "Section 1 of the General 2030 Plan for Oxnard". Granicus. p. 1. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  46. ^ "Section 3 of Oxnard 2030 General Plan". Granicus. pp. 3–12 and 3–13. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  47. ^ Polakovic, Gary (February 23, 2007). "Sky's the limit as high-rise fever soars in Oxnard". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  48. ^ "Section 3 of the General 2030 Plan for Oxnard". Granicus. pp. 3–1. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  49. ^ Bentley, Amy (July 19, 2009). "Crafty couple restores house in Oxnard Historic District". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  50. ^ "Ormond Restoration Project". California Coastal Conservatory. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  51. ^ "Ormond Beach". California Beaches. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  52. ^ Kelley, Daryl (April 29, 2001) "Illness Forces Environmental Crusader to Sidelines." Los Angeles Times
  53. ^ "State's Population Decline Slows While Housing Grows Per New State Demographic Report" (PDF). dof.ca.gov (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 22, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
  54. ^ "US Census Bureau QuickFacts Oxnard (city)". Census.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  55. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Oxnard city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  56. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Oxnard city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  57. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Oxnard city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  58. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Oxnard city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  59. ^ "Oxnard (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012.
  60. ^ "California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012.
  61. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  62. ^ Hoops, Stephanie (September 19, 2007). "Port of Hueneme is the harbor of choice for the premium automaker". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 2, 2023.[permanent dead link‍]
  63. ^ Lozano, Carlos V. (May 19, 1995). "Refinery Agrees to Settlement : Environment: Tenby Inc., without admitting wrongdoing, will pay $90,000 to various agencies to settle civil suit over 1993 pipeline leak". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  64. ^ "Fiscal Year 2024-2025 Budget". Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  65. ^ "Borla.com". Borla.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  66. ^ Freeman, Maria (November 22, 2019). "Kylie Jenner Sells Majority Share of Cosmetics Line for $600 Million". Los Angeles Business Journal. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  67. ^ "Robbinsautotop.com". Robbinsautotop.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  68. ^ Wozny, Kateri (May 6, 2020). ""ROLLING RIGHT ALONG" | Toilet paper production at record-high levels in Oxnard". VC Reporter. Times Media Group. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  69. ^ Harris, Mary (May 15, 2020). "After Rolls Have Been Wiped From Shelves, Charmin in Oxnard Works Overtime". NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  70. ^ Leung, Wendy. "Amazon to open fulfillment center, offer 1,500 jobs in Oxnard". Ventura County Star. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  71. ^ Varela, Brian J. (April 7, 2022). "Amazon fulfillment center in Oxnard gears up for full capacity". Ventura County Star. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  72. ^ Biasotti, Tony (July 26, 2024). "Amazon warehouse brings Oxnard extra $17M a year in sales tax, at other cities' expense". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  73. ^ "City of Camarillo General Plan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009.
  74. ^ Schniepp, Mark (February 7, 1999). "An Economist Looks at SOAR". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  75. ^ [1] Archived February 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  76. ^ [2] Archived October 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  77. ^ Charles, Dan (May 17, 2012). "The Secret Life Of California's World-Class Strawberries". NPR News.
  78. ^ "Home". California Strawberry Festival. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  79. ^ Kallas, Anne (May 17, 2015). "Excitement continues at Day 2 of Strawberry Fest". Ventura County Star.
  80. ^ [3] Archived March 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  81. ^ a b c "2021 Pest Management Strategic Plan for Strawberry in California". Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers Database. 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  82. ^ Biasotti, Tony (January 28, 2020). "Will Ventura get marijuana businesses? November sales tax measure could open the door". Ventura County Star. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  83. ^ Leung, Wendy (October 23, 2019). "Oxnard shopping centers, downtown possible sites for marijuana dispensaries". Ventura County Star. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  84. ^ Leung, Wendy (June 5, 2019). "Oxnard council gives approval to allow cannabis manufacturing, testing, distributing". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
  85. ^ Leung, Wendy (May 20, 2020). "Oxnard ready to begin process of selecting marijuana retail business". Ventura County Star. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  86. ^ Leung, Wendy (September 17, 2020). "Oxnard council agrees to add cannabis retail permits, saves spots for local businesses". Ventura County Star. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  87. ^ Leung, Wendy (September 11, 2020). "50 marijuana retailers vie for Oxnard permits; city weighs local preference". Ventura County Star. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  88. ^ Varela, Brian J. (December 15, 2021). "Despite opposition, Oxnard cannabis dispensary moves closer to opening". Ventura County Star. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  89. ^ Varela, Brian J. "City approves cannabis dispensary for Oxnard Shores amid flurry of public debate". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  90. ^ Varela, Brian J. (December 20, 2022). "Artist Tree: Oxnard's first cannabis dispensary opens doors". Ventura County Star. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  91. ^ Hallmark, Fred O. (1982). "Unconventional Petroleum Resources in California" (PDF). Publication No. TR25. California Department of Conservation, Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources. Retrieved February 6, 2010. p. 6-8
  92. ^ a b "2008 Report of the state oil & gas supervisor" (PDF). Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources. California Department of Conservation ("DOGGR 2009"). 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2010. p. 97, 122, 118, 160
  93. ^ Hoops, Stephanie (September 2, 2014). "Ventura County oil field to be sold for $200 million". Ventura County Star.
  94. ^ "TFAOI.com". TFAOI.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  95. ^ "Oxnardhistoricdistrict.com". Oxnardhistoricdistrict.com. February 5, 1999. Archived from the original on April 29, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  96. ^ Pitter, Laura (September 3, 1990). "OXNARD : Heritage Square Receives Last House". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  97. ^ Woodard, Josef (November 7, 1991). "STRUCTURES : Houses of History : Heritage Square is one of the more surreal estates in Ventura County. It harks back to Oxnard's more glorious past". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  98. ^ "Oxnartourism.com". Oxnardtourism.com. March 20, 2011. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  99. ^ "Oxnardtourism.com". Oxnardtourism.com. January 1, 1999. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  100. ^ Leung, Wendy (November 15, 2019). "No operator in place for Oxnard performing arts center as year-end deadline nears". Ventura County Star. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  101. ^ "Oxnardpacc.com". Oxnardpacc.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  102. ^ "Newwestsymphony.org". Newwestsymphony.org. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  103. ^ Varela, Brian J. "Oxnard to sell historical 1870s farm park under the condition it stays open to the public". Ventura County Star. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  104. ^ "Oxnardfilmfest.com". Oxnardfilmfest.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  105. ^ "Tallshipschannelislands.com". Tallshipschannelislands.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  106. ^ "Herzogwinery.com". Herzogwinecellars.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  107. ^ Smith, Leo (August 14, 2015). "Touchdown Oxnard: Often-overlooked town scores with Dallas Cowboys camp and other draws". The Orange County Register. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  108. ^ "Oxnard Salsa Festival". Oxnard Salsa Festival. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  109. ^ visitoxnard.com. "Dallas Cowboys Training Camp".
  110. ^ Buttitta, Bob (August 20, 2011). "New Orleans Saints head to Oxnard for a week of training". Ventura County Star.
  111. ^ [4] Archived June 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  112. ^ Leung, Wendy (June 15, 2019). "Under budget constraints, Oxnard to ponder new contract for River Ridge Golf Club". Ventura County Star. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  113. ^ Cathcart, Rebecca (February 23, 2008). "Boy's Killing, Labeled a Hate Crime, Stuns a Town". New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  114. ^ "Our Schools". Oxnard Union High School District. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
  115. ^ Leung, Wendy (November 14, 2019). "Inspired by the sun, Oxnard Union trustees agree on high school name pick". Ventura County Star. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  116. ^ "South Oxnard Branch Library — City Of Oxnard". www.oxnard.gov. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  117. ^ Goldstein, David (August 10, 2019). "Eco-tip: New reports show recycling accomplishments, plans". Ventura County Star. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  118. ^ Kisken, Tom (January 23, 2020). "Quarantine lifted at Ventura public housing complex after COVID-19 scare". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  119. ^ Varela, Brian J. (February 22, 2024). "Oxnard's aging wastewater facility getting fixed up as $65M project continues". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  120. ^ Covarrubias, Amanda (July 22, 2016). "Trade is key topic of meeting between Mexican consul, Oxnard mayor". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  121. ^ "Station Highlight: Oxnard". Pacific Surfliner. August 9, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  122. ^ "Current Schedules". Goldcoasttransit.org. January 24, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  123. ^ "VCTC Highway 101 & Conejo Connection Northbound Weekday". GoVentura. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  124. ^ "Vista Coastal Express Northbound Weekday | GoVentura". Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  125. ^ "VCTC CSUCI Oxnard Weekday". GoVentura. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  126. ^ "Why Professor Crawley From The Big Bang Theory Looks So Familiar". Looper. October 15, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  127. ^ "Lewis Black: Professor Crawley". IMDB. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  128. ^ "Anderson .Paak: Oxnard". pitchfork.com. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  129. ^ "Sam & Cat" #Lumpatious (TV Episode 2014) ⭐ 6.5 | Comedy, Drama, Family, retrieved February 3, 2024
  130. ^ Hannah, Jewell (March 6, 2018). She caused a riot : 100 unknown women who built cities, sparked revolutions, and massively crushed it. Naperville, Illinois. ISBN 9781492662921. OCLC 1008768117.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  131. ^ Gretchen, Wenner (October 29, 2011). "Oxnard sites on list of historic places linked to Cesar Chavez". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019.
  132. ^ Alvarez, Fred (May 28, 1993). "Chavez Home In Oxnard Was Razed Years Ago : La Colonia: Mourners mistakenly visited a dwelling next to the site where the late labor leader lived as a boy". Los Angeles Times.
  133. ^ Leung, Wendy (March 28, 2015). "Oxnard woman killed by police after domestic dispute call". Ventura County Star.
  134. ^ Dennis McLellan (October 1, 2009). "Maria Gulovich Liu, 1921 – 2009; Teacher helped U.S. agents escape Nazis". Los Angeles Times.
  135. ^ Kisken, Tom (February 22, 2019). "The girl from Oxnard grew up to lead the Women's March". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  136. ^ "Oxnard, The Other Hollywood – Oxnard Vacation". Beachcalifornia.com. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  137. ^ Savage, Emily (August 29, 2019). "Cola Boyy | Bringing the heart of Oxnard to the PACC". VC Reporter. Times Media Group. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  138. ^ Reyes, Omar (February 16, 2022). "Reminiscing with Oxnard: The Music From Back in the Day, Today". Ampersand. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  139. ^ Ma, David (August 1, 2007). "Oh No discovers foreign funk close to home". Wax Poetics. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
  140. ^ Mitchell, John (November 20, 2001). "Influential developer Martin 'Bud' Smith dies". Ventura County Star.
  141. ^ Shepherd, Dirk (January 11, 2007). "Save the Wagon Wheel". VC Reporter. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  142. ^ "Obituaries : Ben Rich; Guided Lockheed's 'Skunk Works'". Los Angeles Times. January 6, 1995. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  143. ^ Rafael, Dan; Kim, Steve (July 23, 2019). "Boxer Dadashev dies from Friday fight injuries". ESPN. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  144. ^ Eads, Derry (August 28, 2009). "Laut remembered as Olympian, teacher, coach and man with heart of gold". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  145. ^ "Corey Pavin". PGA Tour. Archived from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  146. ^ Romine, Rich (June 3, 2011). "Longtime Ventura County football coach J.T. Rogers dies". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  147. ^ Leung, Wendy (August 21, 2016). "Oxnard council members return from overseas trips touting city". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  148. ^ "Sister Cities bicentennial flag presentation". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved November 14, 2023.

Further reading

edit
  • Barajas, Frank P. Curious Unions: Mexican American Workers and Resistance in Oxnard, California, 1898–1961. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2012.
  • Hoad, Patricia; et al. (Spring–Summer 2002). "Oxnard at 100, The Ventura County Historical Society Quarterly". The Journal of Ventura County History. Ventura County Museum of History & Art: 6–49. ISSN 0042-3491.
  • Maulhardt, Jeffrey W. (2005). Oxnard 1941–2004. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7, 19, 28, 58, 63, 66, 68, 70, 78, 79, 81. ISBN 978-0-7385-2953-0.
  • Gutleben, Dan, The Oxnard Beet Sugar Factory, Oxnard, California, 1959 – Revised 1960, page 1, Book available at the Oxnard Public Library
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Oxnard,_California&oldid=1258745334"