Nasiruddin Mahmud Chirag-Dehlavi (Urdu نصیرالدین چراغ دہلوی )[2] (c. 1274–1337) was a 14th-century mystic-poet and a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. He was a disciple of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya,[3] and later his successor.[4][5] He was the last important Sufi of the Chishti Order from Delhi.[6]
Nasiruddin Mahmud AlHassani | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | 1274 |
| Died | 1356[1] |
| Other names | Chiragh Dehlavi |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Tariqa | Chisti Nizami order |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Delhi |
| Period in office | Early 14th century |
| Predecessor | Nizamuddin Auliya |
Students
| |
Dehlavi's followers called him "Roshan Chirag-e-Delhi", which in Persian, means "Illuminated Lamp of Delhi".[7]
Biography
editNasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi (or Chiragh-e-Delhi)[8] was born as Nasiruddin Mahmud Al Hasani around 1274, at Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.[9][10] Dehlavi's father, Yahya Al Hasani, who traded in Pashmina, and his grandfather, Shaikh Yahya Abdul Latif Al Hasani, first migrated from Khorasan, northeastern Iran, to Lahore, and thereafter settled in Ayodhya, in Awadh. His father died when he was nine and he received education from Abdul Karim Sherwani and then from Iftikhar Uddin Gilani.[8]
At the age forty, he left Ayodhya for Delhi, where he became the disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya. Dehlavi stayed there for the rest of his life as his disciple,[10] and after his death, became his successor. In time, he also became a known poet in Persian language.[11]
He died in 17 Ramzan 757 Hijri or 1357 CE,[12] at the age of 82 or 83, and is buried in a part of South Delhi, India which is known as "Chirag Delhi" after him.[9]
Disciples
editOne of his disciples was Bande Nawaz Gezu Daraz, who later moved to Daulatabad around 1400, owing to the attack of Timur on Delhi.[13] Invited by Bahamani King, Firuz Shah Bahamani, he then moved to Gulbarga, Karnataka. He stayed there for the following 22 years, spreading the Chishti Order until his death in November 1422.[14]
Bande Nawaz's mausoleum is in Gulbarga, as a symbol of multi-religious unity.[15] another prominent discipline was Makhdoom Jahanan jahangasht of uch Sharif ( grandson of saiyyed Jalaluddin shurkhposh Bukhari ) makhdoom jahanian jahangasht did 36 Haj, he was peer of 80 makhdooms including Ashraf Jahangir simnani of kichaucha shariff and Syed sadruddin Raju Qattal, and was also the peer of king Firoz Shah Tuglaq, sultan of Gujrat Zafar Shah, ruler of Ludhiana Sheikh Chachu. Khwaja Moinuddin Khurd Bin Khwaja Hisamuddin Jigar Sokhta Bin Khwaja Fakhruddin Bin Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishty Rehmatullah Alaih was also disciple and Khalifa
During his stay in Delhi, Dehlavi continued to visit Ayodhya often, where he made a number of disciples, notably, Shaikh Zainuddin Ali Awadhi was his nephew, Shaikh Fatehullah Awadhi and Allama Kamaluddin Awadhi.[9] Kamaluddin Allama was his nephew
Dargah
editAfter his death, his tomb was built by Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351–1388), the Sultan of Delhi in 1358, and later two gateways were added on either side of mausoleum. One of noted addition was a mosque built by a later Mughal emperor, Farrukhsiyar, in the early 18th century,[7] and popular among both Muslims and non-Muslims. A humble tomb, allegedly the Tomb of Bahlul Lodi, the grave of the founder of the Lodhi dynasty (r. 1451–1489), lies close to the shrine,[16] in the present day locality of ‘Chirag Delhi’ that grew around the tomb since 1800, and still goes by his name, it is very close to the locality of Greater Kailash, in South Delhi.[17]
Legacy
editNasiruddin Chiragh Dehalvi, unlike his spiritual master Nizamuddin Auliya, did not listen to sema, which was considered un-Islamic by a section of the Muslim intelligentsia in that period. He did not however pass any specific judgement against it. This is the reason why even today, qawwali is not performed near his shrine in Delhi. Nasiruddin's descendants are to be found far and wide as a lot of them moved down South to Hyderabad [citation needed]. The dargah of Badi Bua or Badi Bibi, who said be the elder sister of Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi, still exists in city of Ayodhya.[9]
Khanzada Jadubansi Rajputs, their acceptance of Islam
editKhanzadah, the Persian form of the Rajputana word Rajput, is the title of the representatives of the ancient Jadubansi royal Rajput family, descendants of Krishna and therefore of Lunar Dynasty[citation needed].
Jadon (also spelled Jadaun) Rajput Raja Lakhan Pala, the progenitor of the family of the Khanzadahs, was the grandson of Raja Adhan Pala (who was 4th in descent from Raja Tahan Pala).[18] Tahan Pala, who founded Tahangarh, was the eldest son of Raja Bijai Pala (founder of Bijai Garh), who himself was 88th in descent from Lord Krishna.[19] Hence, Jadon Raja Lakhan Pala, Mewatpatti (title means, Lord of Mewat) was 94th in descent from Lord Krishna.[20]
Acceptance of Islam
editThe family records of Khanzadahs states that during one of the hunting expedition Kunwar Samar Pal and Kunwar Sopar Pal, the sons of Jadon Raja Lakhan Pal, met with Sufi saint Nasiruddin Mahmud, Roshan Chiragh-i Dehli. The acceptance of Islam by Khanzadahs have been a 'enlightenment of heart' come about from their association with the Sufi saints.[21]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ [Monumented on the gate at Hazrat Nasiruddin Chirag Mausoleum his resting place]
- ^ Hazrat NasirudDin Mahmud. Entitled Raushan Chiragh-i-Dihli Sufi Saints of Delhi.
- ^ Nizamuddin Auliya Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Ain-i-Akbari, by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. English tr. by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 365. "many under his direction attained to the heights of sanctity, such as Shaykh Naṣíru'ddín Muḥammad Chirágh i Dihlí, Mír Khusrau, Shaykh Aláu'l Ḥaḳḳ, Shaykh Akhí Siráj, in Bengal, Shaikh Wajíhu'ddín Yúsuf in Chanderi, Shaykh Yạḳúb and Shaykh Kamál in Malwah, Mauláná Ghiyáṣ, in Dhár, Mauláná Mughíṣ, in Ujjain, Shaykh Ḥusain, in Gujarat, Shaykh Burhánu'ddín Gharíb, Shaykh Muntakhab, Khwájah Ḥasan, in the Dekhan."
- ^ Khalifa List of Successors of Nizamuddin Auliya, "Moinuddin Chishti " official website.
- ^ "Great Sufi Saints". Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ^ "CRACKIAS - Performance of Red Books for GS PRELIMS In UPSC 2020". www.crackias.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009.
- ^ a b Chirag Dilli Tomb Archived 5 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine Mosques & Shrines in Delhi.
- ^ a b Life History Moinuddin Chishti Official website.
- ^ a b c d In The Name Of Faith Times of India, 19 April 2007.
- ^ a b Ayodhya's Forgotten Muslim Past "Counter Currents", 23 October 2003.
- ^ The Tradition of Arabic Devotional Poetry in India… Archived 4 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Hind Islami Tahjeeb Ke Rang : Aqeedat Ke Rang, "Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts" (IGNCA).
- ^ Dargah - Religious life at the Tomb www.sunnirazvi.org. "Chirag-e Delhi Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh of Delhi (d.1356), …"
- ^ Omer Tarin 'Some Chishti Sufi Saints of the 13th and 14th centuries' in Historical Studies journal, Ahmedabad. No 12, 2011, pp121-127
- ^ Jihad in the East: A Crescent Over Delhi The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity, by M. J. Akbar. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-28470-8. Page 111.
- ^ Sivanandan, T.V. (27 November 2007). "Urs-e-Sharief of Khwaja Bande Nawaz in Gulbarga from tomorrow". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ Delhi's Valley of Kings The Tribune, 1 March 2004.
- ^ Dargah of Chirag-e-Delhi locationWikimapia.
- ^ Major P.W. Powlett (1878). Gazetteer of Ulwur. pp. 40–41.
- ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 26 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
- ^ Ibbetson, Denzil (24 July 1916). "Panjab castes". Lahore : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Shaikh Muhammad Makhdum, Arzang-i Tijarah(Urdu)( Agra: Agra Akhbar 1290H)"
External links
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