The Mala Synagogue (Malayalam: മാള ജൂതപ്പള്ളി) is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located in Mala, a small town in Thrissur district of the state of Kerala, India. The historic Malabar Jews arrived in Kerala in the 11th century. They built this synagogue in 1930, and it was abandoned by the congregation in the 1950s.[1]
| Mala Synagogue | |
|---|---|
Malayalam: മാള ജൂതപ്പള്ളി | |
 The former synagogue in 2013 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Orthodox Judaism (former) |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status |
|
| Status |
|
| Location | |
| Location | Mala, Kerala |
| Country | India |
  Former location of the former synagogue in Kerala | |
| Geographic coordinates | 10°10′47″N 76°12′35″E / 10.1797°N 76.2097°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Style | Cochin Jewish architecture |
| Date established | c. 11th century (as a congregation) |
| Completed | 1930 |
| Direction of façade | South |
During 1954–1955 the Malabar Jewish congregation abandoned the synagogue and made aliyah to Israel. The congregation handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish cemetery to the Mala Panchayatfor safekeeping.[2] The former synagogue is defunct and does not have any religious material inside.[citation needed] The former synagogue now forms part of the Kerala Jews Lifestyle Museum, a Jewish museum.
History
editThe Mala Synagogue is a heritage monument of the Malabar Jews and a standing example of the syncretic religious history of Kerala together with the several other synagogues in Kerala that are still existing around Paravur and Kochi. A hypothesis even proposes that the town's name Mala may have originated from the Hebrew word "Mal-Aha", which means "Center of Refugee".[2]
Establishment of synagogue
editThere are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue.
According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to Joseph Rabban in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile Kodungallur Kingdom.[citation needed] The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the Great Periyar Flood of 1341 but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.[citation needed]
This reconstructed 14th-century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the Mysorean invasion of Kerala by Tipu Sultan during the Second Anglo-Mysore War of early 1780s. However, Rev. Thomas Dawson, a CMS missionary stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's surrender of Malabar to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins.[3]
In 1909, the old 19th-century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation.[3] There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the synagogue was constructed in 1597.[citation needed]
After aliyah in 1955
editWhen the Mala Jewish community started migrating to Israel in 1955, the synagogue was handed over to Mala Gram Panchayat on 20 December 1954. The Panchayat now owns the synagogue and it was used as a hall. The synagogue comes with a cemetery which was also handed over Mala Gram Panchayat on 1 April 1955.[2][4][5][6][7]
Architecture
edit
All the eight synagogues in Kerala built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, Mala, Kochi and Ernakulam — have similar traditional architectural features:
- a central bimah of brass or silver metal on a concrete or stone base
- an ark on the western wall
- a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays.
- a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building.
See also
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References
edit- ^ "Cultural Heritage of Kerala". Ananthapuri.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ a b c "Jewish Monument Mala Thrissur, Kerala". Mala.com. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ a b Waronker, Jay A. "The Synagogues of Kerala". cochinsyn.com. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Architecture". Friends of Kerala Synagogues 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ "ISJM Jewish Heritage Report". International Survey of Jewish Monuments. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ "Kerala Synagogues". Mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ "District of Kerala :: Trichur". Coco Planet Tour Company. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
External links
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Media related to Mala Synagogue at Wikimedia Commons