The Church League for Women's Suffrage (CLWS) was an organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. The league was started in London, but by 1913 it had branches across England, in Wales and Scotland and Ireland.[1]
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Aims and achievements
editThis organisation aimed to 'Secure the Vote in Church and State as it is, or may be granted to men'. It was over a century later that females were permitted to be ordained as bishops within the Church of England. The Church League in 1914 allowed individuals to participate in other movements for the cause of women's equality but their own organisation's 'only methods.. are those of Prayer and Education". A benefit of the League was to refute the charge that the Church was indifferent to the matter of women's right to vote.[2]
The first woman to preach in a Church of Ireland church, which was done with the approval of the Archbishop of Dublin and the church's governors, was Edith Picton-Turbervill. She was speaking in Ireland under the auspices of the CLWS.
Notable members
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The League was founded by the Reverend Claude Hinscliff in 1909, who was its secretary for a long time.[4] Other founding members included Margaret Nevinson and Olive Wharry,[5] and Joan Cather, whose husband Lt. John Leonard Cather was chair of its finance committee.[6]
Notable members included Ellen Oliver, Frances Balfour and Louise Creighton and the more militant Muriel Matters, Florence Canning, and the outstanding Maude Royden, Lady Constance Lytton[1] and Katherine Harley.[7] Emily Wilding Davison, who died under the King's horse at Epsom, was a member, and her funeral was held at St George's, Bloomsbury, led by its vicar, Charles Baumgarten (also a member of the League), Claude Hinscliff,[8] and Charles Escreet, Archdeacon of Lewisham.[9]
The Irish Church had resisted the League because it refused to denounce the behaviour of militant suffragettes. By 1913 Florence Canning led the executive committee and she was one of six of the thirteen members identified for their militancy.[1]
The League of the Church Militant
editAfter the end of World War I, and the passage of the Representation of the People Act 1918, which gave votes to many but not all women, the League decided to re-focus its efforts. In 1919 it renamed itself The League of the Church Militant.[10] It continued to lobby to extend the franchise to achieve equality with men (Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928), and a range of other theologically liberal causes[11] It also focussed its efforts on the ordination of women. However, its suffrage associations limited its work, and it dissolved shortly before the 1930 Lambeth Conference, a gathering of Anglican Communion bishops from around the world. It was replaced by the Anglican Group for the Ordination of Women to the Historic Ministry (1930-1978).[12]
See also
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- List of suffragists and suffragettes § Major suffrage organizations
- List of women's organizations
- List of women's rights activists
- Timeline of women's suffrage
- Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant - the phrase "the church militant" refers to Christians on earth, those serving others and working for a better world
References
edit- ^ a b c Inkpin, Jonathan David Francis (1996). "Combatting the 'Sin.of Self -Sacrifice'?: CHRISTIAN FEMINISM IN THE WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE STRUGGLE: (1903-18)" (PDF). Durham University. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Delap, Lucy; DiCenzo, Maria; Ryan, Leila (2006). Feminism and the Periodical Press, 1900-1918. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415320276.
- ^ Crawford, Elizabeth (2 September 2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. ISBN 9781135434021.
- ^ Krista Cowman (9 December 2010). Women in British Politics, c.1689-1979. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 63–. ISBN 978-1-137-26801-3.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Royden, Maude (1938). Asquith, Margot (ed.). Myself When Young. London: Muller.
- ^ Delap, Lucy; DiCenzo, Maria; Ryan, Leila (2006). Feminism and the Periodical Press, 1900-1918. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415320276.
- ^ Robinson, Jane (2016). Hearts and Minds: the Untold Story of the Great Pilgrimage and How Women Won the Vote. Transworld, London. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-4735-4086-6.
- ^ Elizabeth Crawford (2 September 2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. pp. 475–. ISBN 1-135-43401-8.
- ^ Street, Peter. "Death on the path to suffrage". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ Saunders, Robert (26 October 2019). "'A Great and Holy War': Religious Routes to Women's Suffrage, 1909–1914*". The English Historical Review. 134 (571): 1471–1502. doi:10.1093/ehr/cez360.
- ^ Space, place and gendered identities : feminist history and the spatial turn. Routledge. 2015. p. 121. ISBN 9781138830493.
- ^ White 2014, pp. 62–63.
Bibliography
editWhite, Susan J. (2014). "'The Church Militant': A. Maude Royden and the Quest for Women's Equality in the Inter-War Years". In Bailey, Warner M.; Barrett, Lee C. III; Duke, James O. (eds.). The Theologically Formed Heart: Essays in Honor of David J. Gouwens. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications. pp. 47–71. ISBN 978-1-62564-191-5.