Lüleburgaz (Turkish: [lyˈlebuɾɡaz]; Modern Greek: Λουλέ Μπουργκάς Lule Burgas; Bulgarian: Люлебургаз Lyuleburgaz), Bergoule (Ancient Greek: Βεργούλη) or Arcadiopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκαδιούπολις Arkadiópolis) is the largest city of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Lüleburgaz District.[2] Its population is 125,404 (2022).[1] Located near the border with Bulgaria and Greece within the historic region of East Thrace in Rumelia, the city is home to many Balkan Turks from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and ex-Yugoslavia who immigrated to Turkey since the 19th century.
Lüleburgaz | |
|---|---|
From top left: Mehmet Pasha Sokolović Mosque; Mehmet Pasha Sokolović bridge; Lüleburgaz railway station; Zindan Baba Türbesi; Congress Square; Panorama of Lüleburgaz; Lüleburgaz museum | |
  Lüleburgaz Location in Turkey  Lüleburgaz Lüleburgaz (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 41°24′20″N 27°21′25″E / 41.40556°N 27.35694°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kırklareli |
| District | Lüleburgaz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Murat Gerenli (2024–2029) (CHP) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 125,404 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 39750 |
| Area code | 0288 |
| Climate | Csa |
| Website | www |
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Lüleburgaz is a hub for road and rail transportation, with the city being connected to Istanbul and Edirne by the Istanbul-Kapıkule Regional Train and to Plovdiv, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest and Budapest by the Bosphorus Express and the Istanbul-Sofia Express.
Its best known attraction is the 16th-century Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque, named after the Grand Vizier Mehmet Paşa Sokolović and designed by the Ottoman chief architect Mimar Sinan who also designed a bridge for the city.
History
edit
The city used to be the capital of the Roman province of Europa, established by the Roman Emperor Diocletian in 294.
The city's ancient name was Bergula but Emperor Theodosius I changed it to Arcadiopolis in honour of his son and successor Arcadius. The city of Arcadiopolis fell to Attila the Hun during his campaign against the Eastern Roman Empire in 443 AD.
During the revolt of Thomas the Slav against Michael II, the city was Thomas' last refuge after the defection of his troops in 823. Michael II invested the city and after more than five months of siege, the exhausted and starving troops gave up their leader in exchange for an imperial pardon. Thomas was handed over on a donkey and tortured.
The Battle of Arcadiopolis of 970 saw the Byzantine forces defeat an invading Kievan-Pecheneg-Magyar force who were aiming to capture Constantinople, 100 miles (161 kilometres) to the east.
As the capital of the Roman province of Europa, Acradiopolis had its own bishop, who was recorded as attending a number of important church councils; it was noted as an autocephalous archbishopric by the seventh century. It is no longer a residential bishopric, although the Diocese of Arcadiopolis survives as a Roman Catholic titular see. Marcel Lefebvre, the founder of the Society of Saint Pius X, was one of its titular bishops.[3]
Lüleburgaz came under Ottoman control during the early period of the Ottoman Empire's enlargement to Balkans.
The Battle of Lüleburgaz was fought between 28 October and 2 November 1912 during the First Balkan War. The city was occupied by the Greek army between 1920 and 1922, before becoming part of the Modern Turkish Republic.[4]
Climate
editLüleburgaz experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa),[5] with hot, dry summers, and chilly, rainy, somewhat snowy winters.[6]
| Climate data for Lüleburgaz (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54.98 (2.16) |
55.25 (2.18) |
55.89 (2.20) |
39.76 (1.57) |
46.71 (1.84) |
44.19 (1.74) |
33.94 (1.34) |
12.21 (0.48) |
36.09 (1.42) |
65.62 (2.58) |
55.69 (2.19) |
73.18 (2.88) |
573.51 (22.58) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 65.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.7 | 76.1 | 73.3 | 69.2 | 66.1 | 62.6 | 59.6 | 59.0 | 63.7 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 80.0 | 69.6 |
| Source: NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
Economy
edit
The economy of Lüleburgaz is mainly based on the industrial sector and agriculture. There are various factories around the city.
Pharmaceutical industry
editPharmaceutical companies such as Sanofi-Aventis, Deva Holding A.S. and Zentiva have their main manufacturers within the urban area of Lüleburgaz.
Agriculture
editCrops widely grown around Lüleburgaz include wheat, corn and sunflowers, with the latter being one of the symbols of the city. Trakya Birlik, with its headquarters in the city, is one of Turkey's main sunflower oil producers.
Glass production
editŞişecam, Turkey's leading glass producer, has a factory in Lüleburgaz, as does its East Thracian division Trakya Cam (Thrace Glass).
Sport
editFounded in 2007, the women's football club, Düvenciler Lisesispor, played in the Turkish Women's First Football League after promotion from the Second League. In 2011 the team changed its name to Lüleburgaz 39 Spor and its colours from yellow-black to red-green. The club ended its participation in the league in the 2013-14 season.[8]
Culture
editThe city and the Battle of Lüleburgas feature in Marcel Proust's Time Regained, the final chapter of Remembrance of Things Past, published in 1927.
The festival of koliada is historically celebrated in the city in the month of January.[9]
Media companies
editThe city of Lüleburgaz is home to several local media agencies including the centre-left Lüleburgaz Görünüm Gazetesi and Lüleburgaz Haber.
Politics
editLüleburgaz is one of the most pro-European cities of Turkey; mayoral candidates advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
Historically, the centre-left, secular and pro-European Republican People's Party (CHP) has dominated city politics. In the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, 72.89% of the population of Lüleburgaz voted "no".[10] In the 2018 Turkish general election the most popular party was the CHP which received 51.38% of the vote. The liberal democratic Nation Alliance received 64.80% of the votes in the city.[11] In the 2019 Turkish local elections the most popular candidate was Murat Gerenli of the CHP which received 66.55% of the vote.[12]
Famous residents
edit.jpg)
- Ahmet Özacar, Turkish footballer
- Candan Erçetin, Turkish singer-songwriter of Kosovar-Macedonian descent that represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, recipient of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her contributions to France–Turkey relations[13]
Twin towns – sister cities
editLüleburgaz is twinned with:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ^ Listing on Catholic-hierarchy.org
- ^ Arslan, Ali (2010). Kasabadan kente bir Cumhuriyet yürüyüşü: Lüleburgaz; II. Kitap, Ekonomi ve Siyaset Tarihi. Görünüm Yayinlari.
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- ^ "Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı" (PDF). MGM.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lüleburgaz". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- ^ "Bu görüntü mazide kaldı". Görünüm Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2013-08-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
- ^ "Mandıra'da 'korkunç' gece". Görünüm Gazetesi. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "2017 Turkiye Geneli Referandum Sonuclari". NTV. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Kirklareli 24 Haziran (2018) Secim Sonuclari ve Kazanan Milletvekilleri". Sozcu. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Kirklareli Luleburgaz Secim Sonuclari: 31 Mart 2019". Sozcu. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Candan Erçetin Lüleburgaz'daki Sanat Akademisi'ni inceledi: "Lüleburgaz çok önemli bir cazibe merkezi olabilir"". Mahalli Gündem. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
Bibliography
editExternal links
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