John Tornike

John Tornike (Georgian: იოანე თორნიკე, romanized: ioane tornik'e; Greek: Ιωάννης Τορνίκιος), also known as Tornike Eristavi (Georgian: თორნიკე ერისთავი; died in 985) was a retired Georgian general and monk who came to be better known as a founder of the formerly Georgian Orthodox Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos in modern-day northeastern Greece.

Saint John Tornike
A fresco of Tornike at Iviron on Mount Athos
Athonite Father
Born	c. 920 Kingdom of the Iberians
Died	985 Mount Athos
Venerated in	Georgian Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church
Major shrine	Iviron
Feast	June 12 (Church calendar)
Patronage	Georgia Mount Athos

Life

Tornike came from a notable Georgian noble family and was in the immediate circles of the ruling dynasty of the Bagrationi. His father, Chordvaneli, had been in the suite of the Georgian prince Ashot II Kuropalates who had paid a visit to the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogennetos in Constantinople in c. 950. Three of his nephews had military careers and one of them, Varazvache, held a post of katepano (military governor) of the significant Byzantine eastern outpost Edessa in 1037–8.

Tornike served a very successful military and court career (specifically he was eristavi, a Georgian equivalent to strategos) under the Georgian Bagratid dynasty and also gained the Byzantine title of patrikios. He resigned his position as a general of the Georgian prince David III of Tao in c. 963 and, under the name of Ioane (Ioannis, or John), retired to Athanasius’ Lavra on Mount Athos. He was joined, in the early 970s, by another retired Georgian officer Ioane and his son Ek'vt'ime.

In 976, a rebellion led by Bardas Skleros broke out in the Asian provinces of the Byzantine Empire, the greatest upheaval of the emperor Basil II’s early reign. Skleros had won a series of battles against the then-loyal general Bardas Phokas and marched from the east through Anatolia to Constantinople. Basil summoned John-Tornike to his capital to mediate the alliance with David III of Tao, a measure that seemed to be necessary to save the situation. The monk agreed reluctantly, persuaded chiefly by his fellow monks that it would be in the best interests of the Athonite community for him to obey the imperial command. David responded vigorously and entrusted his former general the command of some 12,000 Georgian cavalrymen sent to reinforce the imperial army. The decisive battle was fought at Pankalia near Caesarea on March 24, 979 and resulted in the crushing defeat of the rebels.

Founding of Iviron monastery

Nuskhuri manuscript of John Tornike collection of the Monastery of Iviron, 10th century.

In reward for their support, David was awarded with the lifetime stewardship of the extensive lands in northeastern Anatolia, while John-Tornike was conferred with the title synkellos (assistant to the patriarch of Constantinople). More importantly, the victorious monk-general returned to Athos laden with the spoils of war, "precious objects" as well as twelve kentenaria (1,200 lb) of gold, that enabled the Georgians to establish their own house on Athos, called Iviron. Although populated now with Greeks, the monastery is to this day known by the Greek appellation Iviron, "of the Iberians", i.e., Georgians. The emperor also showered him with lands and privileges, granted him subsidies and exemption from taxes. The new monastic house, destined to become a vibrant center of the Georgian Orthodox culture, was jointly run by John-Tornike as ktetor (founder) and his friend John the Iberian as hegoumenos (abbot).

References

1. Morris, R. (2002), Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843–1118, Cambridge University Press (UK), ISBN 0-521-26558-4, pp 85–6
2. Peelers P. Un Colophon georgien de Thornik le moine // Analecta Bollandiana, 1932–50
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External links

• Greek Monasteries, URL accessed on June 16, 2006