Jit (Arabic: جيت, romanized: Jīt) is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank, located 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) west of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 2,405 inhabitants in 2017.[2]
Jit | |
|---|---|
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | جيت |
| • Latin | Jit (official) |
 Jit, 2013 | |
  Jit Location of Jit within Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 32°12′53″N 35°10′11″E / 32.21472°N 35.16972°E | |
| Palestine grid | 166/180 |
| State | State of Palestine |
| Governorate | Qalqilya |
| Government | |
| • Type | Village council |
| Elevation | 501 m (1,644 ft) |
| Population (2017)[2] | |
• Total | 2,405 |
| Name meaning | Kuryet Jit, the town of Jit[3] |
Location
editJit is located 19.7 kilometers (12.2 mi) (horizontally) north-east of Qalqilya. It is bordered by Sarra and Beit Iba to the east, Fara'ata and Immatain to the south, Kafr Qaddum to the west, and Qusin to the north.[1]
History
editNo Byzantine remains have been found here, leading scholars to suggest that the early Muslim inhabitants came there as a result of migration, and not conversion.[4] However, in 2011 two reliefs of menorahs dating from the Byzantine period, probably of Samaritan origin, were discovered in Jit.[5]
Diya al-Din (1173-1245) refers to the presence of Muslims in Jit during his lifetime,[6] and that followers of Ibn Qudamah lived here.[7]
Ottoman era
editIn 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Jit Jammal, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. The population was 50 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, a press for olive oil or grape syrup, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 20,000 akçe.[8]
A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin named it Qarihagi, (Quryet Jitt) as a village by the road from Jaffa to Nablus.[9]
In 1838, Kuryet Jit was noted as a village located in the District of Jurat 'Amra, south of Nablus.[10][11]
In 1870, Victor Guérin noted between seven hundred and fifty and eight hundred people in the village.[13] Also, "here Guérin observed among the houses a certain number of cut stones of apparent antiquity. Many of the houses are in a ruinous condition, others are completely destroyed. On the north-west side of the hill he found a great well, into which one descends by fifteen steps, now fallen to pieces. It gives a supply of water which never fails. The place is probably the old Gitta mentioned by Justin Martyr and Eusebius as the birthplace of Simon the Magician."[14]
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.[15]
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kuryet Jit as: "A well-built stone village with a high house in it, standing on a knoll by the main road, surrounded with olives; it has a well to the west; the inhabitants are remarkable for their courtesy, this part of the country and all the district west of it being little visited by tourists."[12]
British Mandate era
editIn the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qariyet Jit had a population of 285 Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 289 Muslims, in 70 houses.[17]
In the 1945 statistics the population of Jit was 440 (all Muslim),[18] while the total land area was 6,461 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 816 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 3,915 for cereals,[20] while 61 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[21]
Jordanian era
editIn the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jit came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 660 inhabitants.[22]
Post-1967
editSince the Six-Day War in 1967, Jit has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 14% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 86% as Area C. Israel has confiscated village land for the Israeli settlements of Giv'at HaMerkaziz and Mitzpe Yishai, both part of the Kedumim settlement.[23] According to the Israeli plans of 2013, 1,150 dunums (18.1% of the village's total area) will be isolated from the village behind the Israeli barrier wall.[23]
Reports have been made about Israeli settlers from Kedumim stealing the olive harvest from the farmers of Jit.[24]
2024 pogrom
editOn 15 August 2024, towards dusk, a group of dozens of masked Israeli settlers, armed with Kalashnikovs, M16s, and stones[25] attacked the village.[26][27] Local Palestinian estimates put the figure of rampaging settlers at over 100.[28] A call from the local mosque asked youths to rally and defend the village.[25] The settlers fired guns, threw rocks, and hurled Molotov cocktails at civilians, and torched the villagers' houses and cars. One Palestinian civilian who responded to the call to defend the village, Rasheed Seda (23), was killed when a settler shot him in the chest,[25] and another was critically wounded.[26][27] The IDF stated that it had arrived within a half an hour and had removed Israeli citizens from Jit after firing shots in the air.[25] According to the Palestinians, the IDF had shown up an hour after the rampage began.[25] The IDF detained one Israeli - later released as uninvolved in the attack - for interference.[26][27][28] Overall, four homes and six private vehicles were torched.[25] Local eyewitnesses stated that the attackers came from the settlement of Eli.[25] The attack was one of 1,250 on Palestinians conducted by Israeli settlers Palestinians since 7 October 2023, according to OCHA.[28]
The attack was condemned by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Israeli President Isaac Herzog described it a "pogrom".[26] A US National Security Council spokesperson stated, "Attacks by violent settlers against Palestinian civilians in the West Bank are unacceptable and must stop".[29] The UN human rights office called the killing "horrific" and stated it "was not an isolated attack".[30]
Demography
editDuring the Ottoman and British Mandate period, some of Jit's residents relocated to the villages of Shuweika, Qaqun, Bal'a, Anabta, Umm al-Fahm and Zeita.[when?][31]
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b Jit village profile, ARIJ, p. 4
- ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 187
- ^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 263
- ^ ארליך 2013 ארליך, ז"ח, 2013 .ארבע מנורות שומרוניות בג'ית ובקדום שבשומרון. בתוך: י' רוזנסון וי' שפנייר (עורכים), מנחת ספיר – אסופת מאמרים: מנחות ידידות והוקרה לכבוד יצחק ספיר. אלקנה ורחובות, עמ' 391–402. [Four Samaritan menorahs in Jit and Qaddum in Samaria] [Hebrew]
- ^ Ellenblum, 2003, p. 244
- ^ Drory, 1988, pp. 97, 110
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 133
- ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 156 Archived 22 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 127
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 144 Also noted it as old Gitta, later repeated by Guérin etc.
- ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 163
- ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 181
- ^ Guérin, 1875, pp. 180 -181; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p. 201
- ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 252.
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. 24
- ^ Mills, 1931, p. 62
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 18
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 60
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 106.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 156.
- ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
- ^ a b Jit village profile, ARIJ, 2013, pp. 15-16
- ^ Israeli settlers 'poison, steal' Palestinian olive harvests, 30 October 2017, Al-Araby Al-Jadeed
- ^ a b c d e f g Abdulrahim, Raja (18 August 2024). "A Family Flees and a Mother Mourns After Israeli Settlers Attack a Palestinian Village". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d McKernan, Bethan (15 August 2024). "One Palestinian killed as Israeli settlers attack West Bank village". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Lukiv, Jaroslav; David, Gritten (25 August 2024). "Israeli settlers torch Palestinian village in West Bank". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ a b c '‘We’ll come back and kill you’: Palestinians recall horror of deadly settler riot,'Times of Israel 16 August 2024
- ^ "'Pure terrorism': World reacts to Israeli settler attack in West Bank". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "UN rights office calls for accountability for latest 'horrific' West Bank killing". United Nations. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ Grossman, D. "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". In Dar, S.; Safrai, S. (eds.). 1986. Shomron Studies. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 350.
Bibliography
edit- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Drory, Joseph (1988). "Hanbalis of the Nablus Region in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Asian and African Studies. 22: 93–112.
- Ellenblum, R. (2003). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521521871.
- Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
External links
edit- Welcome to Jit
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Jit village (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Jit village profile, ARIJ
- Jit, aerial photo, ARIJ
- Development Priorities and Needs in Jit, ARIJ
