Jasim (Arabic: جاسم, also spelled Jasem) is a small city in the Izra' District of the Daraa Governorate in southern Syria. It is located 41 kilometers north of Daraa and is near the towns of Nawa to the south, Kafr Shams to the north, Inkhil to the northeast and al-Harra to the northwest. In the 2004 census by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jasim had a population of 31,683.[1]
Jasim
جاسم | |
|---|---|
Town | |
  Jasim | |
| Coordinates: 32°58′N 36°4′E / 32.967°N 36.067°E | |
| Grid position | 249/266 PAL |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Daraa |
| District | 'Izra |
| Subdistrict | Jasim |
| Elevation | 747 m (2,451 ft) |
| Population (2004)[1] | |
• Total | 31,683 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
History
editLate antiquity
editJasim is believed to be Gashmai, a place mentioned in the Mosaic of Rehob as a town in the vicinity of Naveh (Nawa).[2]
During the Byzantine period, Jasim was a seat of the Monophysite church in 570. It was controlled and populated by the Ghassanid Arabs, a vassal kingdom of the Byzantine Empire.[3] There were five monasteries affiliated with the Monophysites located in the town.[4] The Ghassanid king Nu'man was buried in between Jasim and nearby Tubna.[3]
Middle Ages
editThe 10th-century Arab historian al-Masudi wrote that Jasim belonged to Damascus and was located "between Damascus and the Jordan Province, in a district called al-Khaulan. Jasim is a few miles from al-Jabiya, and from the territory of Nawa, where is the Pasturage of Ayyub."[5]
Jasim was visited by Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the early 13th century under Ayyubid rule. Al-Hamawi wrote that the place was named after "Jasim, son of Iram ibn Sam (Shem) ibn Nuh (Noah) who visited it at the time of the destruction of the Tower of Babel." He further noted that Jasim was a town in Damascus Province, "lying 8 leagues from Damascus, on the right of the high-road to Tabbariyah (Tiberias)."[5]
Ottoman period
editIn 1596 Jasim appeared in the Ottoman tax registers being in the nahiya of Jaydur in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 28 households and 14 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 40% on wheat, barley and summer crops; a total of 11,300 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a waqf.[6]
Many of the inhabitants of nearby al-Harra originate from Jasim.[7] The city is home to the Arab tribe of al-Halqiyyin. Prominent 20th-century Arab socialist leader Akram al-Hawrani descends from the tribe, members of which settled in Homs.[8] In the 1870s Gottlieb Schumacher noted that Jasim was one of the largest villages in its region with a population of 1,000 living in 215 huts. He reported finding several ancient remains, particularly stone crosses from the Byzantine era.[9]
Syrian civil war
editJasim was one of the first cities to participate in large-scale protests during the 2011-2012 Syrian uprising against the government on 18 March 2011.[10] Further mass protests were reported on 22 April.[11][12] On 1 April 2012, four Syrian Army soldiers were killed in clashes with rebel Free Syrian Army gunmen in Jasim according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.[13] On 15 January 2014, rebels were in control of Jasim.[14] On 17 July 2018, the Syrian army captured the town.[15]
Notable natives
edit- Abu Tammam, Abbasid era Arab poet.
- Wael Nader Al-Halqi, former Prime Minister of Syria.
References
edit- ^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (in Arabic)
- ^ Text: גשמיי. Avi-Yonah, M. (1979), pp. 168–169, identified this place with Jāsim (also spelt Qāsim), a Syrian village east of the Golan Heights and north of Naveh, near the Israeli border. The same identification is given by Klein, S. (1925), p. 42.
- ^ a b Shahid, 2002, pp. 228-229.
- ^ Shahid, 2002, p. 184
- ^ a b le Strange, 1890, p. 463.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 207.
- ^ Schumacher, 1897, p. 190.
- ^ Batatu, 1999, p. 370
- ^ Schumacher, 1897, p. 194.
- ^ Sterling, Joe. Daraa: The spark that lit the Syrian flame. CNN. 2012-03-01.
- ^ Syrian protesters defy Assad concessions. The Daily Telegraph. 2011-04-22.
- ^ "Video: Syrian protesters defy Assad concessions - Telegraph". archive.ph. 2014-04-18. Archived from the original on 2014-04-18. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ Clashes in Syria kill 40 people: Monitoring agency[dead link]. Times of India. 2012-04-01.
- ^ "Assad fails to break Syrian stalemate despite rebel infighting". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ^ "Breaking: Syrian Army captures one of the largest towns in #Daraa". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
Bibliography
edit- Batatu, H. (1999). Syria's peasantry, the descendants of its lesser rural notables, and their politics (Illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691002541.
- Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Le Strange, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Schumacher, G. (1897). "Notes from Jedur". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 29: 190–195.
- Shahid, I. (2002). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century: pt. 1, Toponymy, Monuments, Historical Geography, and Frontier Studies. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 0884022145.
External links
edit- Map of town, Google Maps
- Naoua-map; 20L