Wikipedia

Imus

This article is about the city in the Philippines. For other uses, see Imus (disambiguation).

Imus (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈʔimus]), officially the City of Imus (Filipino: Lungsod ng Imus), is a component city and de jure capital of the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 496,794 people.[3]

Imus
Component city
City of Imus
(From top, left to right) the Gen. Licerio Topacio Monument at Imus Plaza, Imus Cathedral, The Bell House, and the Imus Heritage Park commemorating the Battle of Alapan.
Flag of Imus
Flag
Official seal of Imus
Seal
Official logo of Imus
Logo
Nickname: 
Flag Capital of the Philippines
Map of Cavite with Imus highlighted
Map of Cavite with Imus highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Imus is located in Philippines
Imus
Imus
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°25′47″N 120°56′12″E / 14.4297°N 120.9367°E / 14.4297; 120.9367
CountryPhilippines
RegionCalabarzon
ProvinceCavite
District 3rd district
Founded1795
CityhoodJune 30, 2012
Barangays97 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorAlex L. Advincula
 • Vice MayorHomer T. Saquilayan
 • RepresentativeAdrian Jay C. Advincula
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate224,081 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
53.15 km2 (20.52 sq mi)
Elevation
34 m (112 ft)
Highest elevation
292 m (958 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
496,794
 • Density9,300/km2 (24,000/sq mi)
 • Households
130,814
DemonymImuseño
Economy
 • Income class3rd city income class
 • Poverty incidence
9.29
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 3,113 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 6,918 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 2,713 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 3,102 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityManila Electric Company (Meralco)
 • WaterMaynilad Cavite, BP Waterworks
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
4103
PSGC
0402109000
IDD : area code +63 (0)46
Native languagesTagalog
Catholic dioceseRoman Catholic Diocese of Imus
Patron saintOur Lady of the Pillar of Imus
Websitecityofimus.gov.ph

It is the de jure capital of the province of Cavite, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) south of Metro Manila, when President Ferdinand Marcos decreed the transfer of the seat of the provincial government from Trece Martires on June 11, 1977. However, most offices of the provincial government are still located in Trece Martires. Imus was officially converted into a city following a referendum on June 30, 2012.[5]

Imus was the site of two major Katipunero victories during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Battle of Imus was fought on September 3, 1896, and the Battle of Alapan, on May 28, 1898, the day when the first Philippine flag was flown making Imus the "Flag Capital of the Philippines". Both events are celebrated annually in the city. The Imus Historical Museum honors the city's history with historical reenactment of scenes from the revolution.

Etymology

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The name Imus comes from Tagalog imos or imus, meaning "cape" or "headland."[6]

History

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Early history

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The Bridge of Isabel II in Imus in 1899 with the missing northern span blown up by the revolutionaries, temporarily replaced by a wooden plank.

Like Cavite City (originally called Cavite La Punta) and Noveleta (La Tierra Alta), Imus used to be a part of Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), whose parish church was built by the Jesuits during the administration of Archdiocese of Manila Archbishop Miguel Garcia Serrano, 1618–1629. For more than a century and a half the people of Imus had to endure walking or traveling 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) of dirt road to attend religious services or transact official business in the city proper. The difficulty of communication between Imus and Cavite el Viejo was a long-standing complaint of the Imuseños until another religious order, the Augustinian Recollects, as a consequence of the British occupation of Manila in 1762, established a parish church in Imus, in what is now known as Bayang Luma.

However, the church site was far from the estate house of the 11,100 hectares (27,000 acres) hacienda acquired in 1686 by the Recollect Corporation, and when the church was destroyed by the strong typhoon of September 1779, the Recollect Friars transferred it to barrio Toclong, and finally to sitio de Balangon, now the city plaza of Imus.

With the establishment of the Recollect parish the people of Imus gained their religious emancipation from the Jesuit-run parish of Cavite el Viejo. The Recollects, however, would not be content with little victory or achievement. In 1774, Recollect Fr. Pedro San Buenaventura petitioned the government to "separate the inquilinos (tenants) of Imus from the political jurisdiction of the government of "Cavite el Viejo". After a considerable time of waiting, the petition was granted and Imus became an independent municipality on October 3, 1795.

On May 28, 1898, Imus gained its independence from Spanish colonial rule after the last remaining stronghold of forces from the Spanish empire had been defeated in the Battle of Alapan as headed by General Emilio Aguinaldo. This battle led to the Philippine Declaration of Independence in Kawit, Cavite June 12, 1898. The modern flag of the Philippines was first unfurled in victory during this battle as they march their way to the present day Cavite City, together with the captured forces of Spain.[7][8] In commemoration of the event, a Battle of Alapan marker was constructed inside the compound of Alapan Elementary School on May 28, 1998, and was inaugurated by President Fidel V. Ramos. Although on May 28, 2014, a new marker and the Imus National Heritage Park were inaugurated at Barangay Alapan 2-A to make the initially constructed marker more accessible to the public.

On October 15, 1903, the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. 947, merging the adjacent towns of Bacoor and Perez-Dasmariñas with Imus.[9] Bacoor was later separated from Imus in 1906, followed by Perez-Dasmariñas in 1917.[10]

Modern history

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On June 11, 1977, then President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 1163, which transferred the provincial capital of Cavite from Trece Martires to Imus City. There is no other enabling law after that, that specifies the capital of Cavite[11]

On May 28, 2008, National Flag Day, the city celebrated the First Wagayway Festival (Flag-Waving Festival) signifying the very first unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines during the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898, against the Spanish colonizers. The battle was a major victory for General Emilio Aguinaldo (later the first president of the Philippine Republic) during the Philippine Revolution, which eventually led to the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, in nearby Kawit, Cavite. The five-day event was highlighted by the historical reenactment of events from the sewing of the flag by Filipino exiles in Hong Kong, the Battle of Alapan, to the defeat of the Filipinos by the American troops silencing the dreams of an independent Philippines. The reenactment included students, city employees and barangay officials.[12]

The festival was launched by then mayor, Emmanuel Maliksi, who reminded the people that the core of the celebration is love and respect for the Philippine flag, which symbolizes freedom and love for the country. Among the guests present was the former Prime Minister of the Philippines, Cesar Virata, who is a grandnephew of General Emilio Aguinaldo.[12]

Lone District of Imus

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A bill was filed by Representative Joseph Abaya with co-authors Congressman Pidi Barzaga and Crispin Remulla creating the municipality of Imus as a lone Legislative districts of the Philippines. The bill was supported by Senator Panfilo Lacson, Senator Richard Gordon and Senator Bong Revilla. On October 22, 2009, Republic Act 9727 was approved by the President of the Philippines creating the lone District Imus as the "Third District of Cavite".[13]

Cityhood

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Main article: Cities of the Philippines

During the 10th Congress (1995–1998), a House Bill (HB) no. 08960 was filed by Congressman Renato P. Dragon together with the other cityhood bills for Bacoor (HB 08959) and Dasmariñas (HB 08931). The bills did not pass the Congress. Congressman Erineo Maliksi filed House Bill no. HB01989[14] last August 3, 2010, which created the city of Imus. The bill was enacted into law as Republic Act No. 10161.[15] The plebiscite required to ratify the conversion of the municipality of Imus into a component city was scheduled June 30. 2012. Republic Act No. 10161 was ratified by the registered voters of Imus through a plebiscite conducted last June 30, 2012, converted the municipality of Imus in the Province of Cavite into a component city to be known as the City of Imus. There were about 22,742 voters who cast their ballots in the town's 453 polling precincts. The "yes" votes won overwhelmingly getting 20,438 while the "no" votes got 2,304.

 
Imus City Plaza, view from the old Imus City Hall

Geography

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Topography

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Aerial view of Imus. Located on center right is Nueno Avenue, with the Cathedral and belfry (also on center right). In the foreground is Medicion I St. that leads to Binakayan, Kawit.

Imus covers a land total area of 6,470 ha (16,000 acres) or 64.70 km2 (24.98 sq mi), approximately 6.8% of the total land area of the province of Cavite, which is 1,427.06 square kilometers (550.99 sq mi)[11] The almost rectangular inland city of Cavite is bounded by the municipalities of Kawit and Noveleta to the north, and General Trias to the west; by the cities of Bacoor to the east and Dasmariñas to the south.[16]

The city is located near the Metropolitan Manila area, just 20 kilometers (12 mi) south of Manila. With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, this local government unit is now included in the Greater Manila area, which reaches Lipa City in its southernmost part.[citation needed]

Climate

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Climate data for Imus City, Cavite
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84) 		30
(86) 		32
(90) 		34
(93) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20
(68) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		22
(72) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		10
(0.4) 		12
(0.5) 		27
(1.1) 		94
(3.7) 		153
(6.0) 		206
(8.1) 		190
(7.5) 		179
(7.0) 		120
(4.7) 		54
(2.1) 		39
(1.5) 		1,094
(43)
Average rainy days 5.2 4.5 6.4 9.2 19.7 24.3 26.9 25.7 24.4 21.0 12.9 9.1 189.3
Source: Meteoblue[17]

Barangays

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Imus is politically subdivided into 97 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

These barangays are grouped into two local and national electoral districts officially called Imus West and Imus East, which are represented in the Congress by their respective representatives and city council by their respective councilors. In 1998, the town was composed of 21 barangays; these former barangays were further subdivided to make the current collection of 97. The barangays which have been divided into multiple pieces carry the original barangay name, distinguished by capital letters if the name ends in numbers; for example, Medicion 1 is subdivided into Medicion 1-A, Medicion 1-B, etc. Names ending in letters (such as Bucandala, Bayan Luma, etc.) are distinguished by numbers (Bucandala 1, Bayan Luma 2, etc.). The only exceptions to this rule are Barangay Buhay na Tubig and the Barangays inside Bahayang Pag-asa Subdivision, namely Mariano Espeleta I to III, Pinagbuklod, Magdalo, Maharlika and Bahayang Pag-asa (later renamed Bagong Silang).[18]

 
A map of Imus presenting its barangays.
 
Map of Electoral Districts of Imus

District I

  • Alapan I-A
  • Alapan I-B
  • Alapan I-C
  • Alapan II-A
  • Alapan II-B
  • Bucandala I
  • Bucandala II
  • Bucandala III
  • Bucandala IV
  • Bucandala V
  • Carsadang Bago I
  • Carsadang Bago II
  • Malagasang I-A
  • Malagasang I-B
  • Malagasang I-C
  • Malagasang I-D
  • Malagasang I-E
  • Malagasang I-F
  • Malagasang I-G
  • Malagasang II-A
  • Malagasang II-B
  • Malagasang II-C
  • Malagasang II-D
  • Malagasang II-E
  • Malagasang II-F
  • Malagasang II-G
  • Medicion I-A
  • Medicion I-B
  • Medicion I-C
  • Medicion I-D
  • Medicion II-A
  • Medicion II-B
  • Medicion II-C
  • Medicion II-D
  • Medicion II-E
  • Medicion II-F
  • Pag-asa I
  • Pag-asa II
  • Pag-asa III
  • Poblacion I-A
  • Poblacion I-B
  • Poblacion I-C
  • Poblacion II-A
  • Poblacion II-B
  • Poblacion III-A
  • Poblacion III-B
  • Poblacion IV-A
  • Poblacion IV-B
  • Poblacion IV-C
  • Poblacion IV-D
  • Toclong I-A
  • Toclong I-B
  • Toclong I-C
  • Toclong II-A
  • Toclong II-B

District II

  • Anabu I-A
  • Anabu I-B
  • Anabu I-C
  • Anabu I-D
  • Anabu I-E
  • Anabu I-F
  • Anabu I-G
  • Anabu II-A
  • Anabu II-B
  • Anabu II-C
  • Anabu II-D
  • Anabu II-E
  • Anabu II-F
  • Bagong Silang (Bahayang Pag-asa)
  • Bayan Luma I
  • Bayan Luma II
  • Bayan Luma III
  • Bayan Luma IV
  • Bayan Luma V
  • Bayan Luma VI
  • Bayan Luma VII
  • Bayan Luma VIII
  • Bayan Luma IX
  • Buhay na Tubig
  • Magdalo
  • Maharlika
  • Mariano Espeleta I
  • Mariano Espeleta II
  • Mariano Espeleta III
  • Palico I
  • Palico II
  • Palico III
  • Palico IV
  • Pasong Buaya I
  • Pasong Buaya II
  • Pinagbuklod
  • Tanzang Luma I
  • Tanzang Luma II
  • Tanzang Luma III
  • Tanzang Luma IV (Southern City)
  • Tanzang Luma V
  • Tanzang Luma VI

Demographics

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Population census of Imus
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 12,912—    
1918 13,940+0.51%
1939 18,039+1.24%
1948 23,685+3.07%
1960 31,660+2.45%
1970 43,686+3.27%
1975 48,566+2.15%
1980 59,103+4.00%
1990 92,125+4.54%
1995 177,408+13.06%
2000 195,482+2.10%
2007 253,158+3.63%
2010 301,624+6.58%
2015 403,785+5.71%
2020 496,794+4.16%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[19][20][21][22]

In the 2020 census, the population of Imus, was 496,794 people,[3] with a density of 7,700 inhabitants per square kilometre or 20,000 inhabitants per square mile.

Religion

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The majority of the inhabitants of Imus are Christian, composed mostly of Catholics, Protestants, Members Church of God International, Aglipayans, and of other various sects. There is also sizable population of Muslims due to the influx of migrants from Mindanao.[citation needed]

Imus is the see of the Diocese of Imus, which is coterminous with the province. Imus Cathedral, which is under the patronage of the canonically-crowned Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Imus (Our Lady of the Pillar of Imus), is the seat of the Bishop of the Diocese of Imus. The city served as the host diocese during the 5th Asian Youth Day on November 20–27, 2009.[citation needed]

Economy

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Poverty incidence of Imus

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2006
3.00
2009
2.34
2012
1.10
2015
4.92
2018
2.71
2021
9.29

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]

 
Lotus Mall

Imus is the foremost banking center of Cavite with numerous financial institutions and also an excellent banking infrastructure is being propagated by the present government to spearhead the development of the city. The city of Imus has shown a steady rise in its income earning a 1st class income classification in 1986. Its 9,701-hectare (23,970-acre) land area serves as home to a population of 195,482. In 1993, Imus had 1,369 commercial establishments, 200 manufacturing establishments and 41 financial institutions. Ten years hence, it has 6,636 licensed business establishments that include 4,376 commercial establishments, 300 manufacturing establishments and 190 financial institutions.

With a comfortable 18 km (11 mi) distance from Metro Manila, Imus serves as a favorable site for industrial establishments such as the 200-hectare (490-acre) Imus Informal Industrial Estate and Anabu Hills Industrial Estate. Corporations that are 100% Filipino-owned include Annie's Candy Manufacturing, Inc., CKL Industries and Liwayway Mktg. Corp. Factories of partly Filipino-owned corporations include Champan Garment Corp., Hayag Motorworks & Machine Shop and San Miguel-Yamamura Asia Corp.. Foreign-owned corporations include Frontline Garments Corp. and EDS MFG, Inc., which produces automotive wiring harness. Imus is also the home of the Anabu Handmade Paper Products, a producer of handmade paper and paper products.

The Imus Commercial/Business District along Nueño Avenue (also called Imus Boulevard) is the center of commerce in the city. The Imus Public Market (Pamilihang Bayan ng Imus) is the hub of trade in the district. The market is divided into 25 zones and has 805 stalls. Commercial, industrial and manufacturing industries owned by Taiwanese, Japanese and Filipino investors can also be found there. There are 3,601 commercial establishments duly registered in the city as of March 1999.

Eighteen major industrial establishments with a total capitalization of 1.311 billion pesos have established their base at the Imus Informal Industrial Estate providing local employment to an estimated 13,478 people as of December 1998.[needs update] Located just along the stretch of the General Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, the main highway of Cavite traversing the city from north to south, the 200-hectare informal industrial estate houses manufacturing companies owned by foreign and Filipino investors. Imus has ventured to the export of automotive wire harness and electrical components, acrylic sheets and lighting fixtures, processed foods, shellcraft, bamboo, rattan and woodcraft, furniture, garments and novelty items to other countries. Several subdivisions and mass housing projects and the establishment of factories and small-scale industries in many of its barangays have resulted in a movement of population into the city.

However, heavy traffic congestion caused by the 'buhos' (pour) system,[clarification needed] inadequate road signage and systems, poor road maintenance, mixed vehicles (tricycles, pedicabs, bicycles, etc.), unjustified traffic priority schemes and rampant violation of traffic rules is observable on roads. This is causing headaches to travelers specifically along Aguinaldo Highway. In an attempt to improve road conditions, traffic lights were installed in Aguinaldo highway and on other busy intersections in the city in 2015.

Ayala Land Inc. is investing Php 70 B for an estate "Vermosa", it will be accessible by Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway.[31]

Agriculture, particularly rice production, is still practiced in the city.

Government

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Local government

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Main article: Sangguniang Panglungsod
 
Imus Government Center

Elected officials

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City Government of Imus
(June 30, 2022 - June 30, 2025)
Representative
Adrian Jay C. Advincula
Mayor
Alex L. Advincula
Vice Mayor
Homer T. Saquilayan
Sangguniang Panlungsod
Lloyd Emman D. Jaro (National Unity Party) Lloren Dionela G. Saquilayan (National Unity Party)
Larry Boy S. Nato (National Unity Party) Jelyn Maliksi (Liberal)
Dennis Lacson (Partido Reporma) Darwin Remulla (National Unity Party)
Mark Villanueva (National Unity Party) Exequiel B. Ropeta (PDP–Laban)
Sherwin Lares Comia (National Unity Party) Atty. Wency Lara (National Unity Party)
Enzo Asistio Ferrer (National Unity Party) Igi Revilla Ocampo (National Unity Party)
Association of Barangay Council President Reymundo Ramirez Sangguniang Kabataan Federation President Glian Piolo Ilagan of Bayan Luma VI
Provincial Board Members
Shernan Jaro (National Unity Party) Arnel Cantimbuhan (National Unity Party)

|| Chelsea Jillian Sarno Sangguniang Kabataan Provincial Federation [[President (government title)- style="text-align:center;"

List of heads

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Gobernadorcillos

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  • Licerio Topacio (1888–1890)
  • Cayetano Topacio (1890–1892)
  • Angel Buenaventura (1892–1894)

Capitanes Municipal

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  • Bernardino Paredes (1894–1896)
  • Jose Tagle (1896–1897)
  • Valentin Conejo (1898–1900)

Municipal presidents

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  • Donato Virata (1900–1903)
  • Juan Viña (1903)
  • Licerio Topacio (1903)
  • Pedro Buenaventura (1903)
  • Pantaleon Garcia (1904–1905)
  • Felipe Viña (1905–1909)
  • Maximo Abad (1910–1912)
  • Felipe Viña (1912–1915)
  • Pablo Palma (acting: 1912–1913)
  • Cecilio Kamantigue (1915–1919)
  • Felix Paredes (1919–1925)
  • Blas Mallari (1925–1928)
  • Epifanio Gabriel (1928–1931)

Mayors

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# Mayor Start of Term End of Term
1 Dominador Camerino 1931 1940
– Geronimo Maluto 1931 1932
3 Elpidio Osteria 1940 1944
4 Alfredo Saqui 1944 1945
5 Fortunato Remulla 1945 1945
6 Dominador Ilano 1945 1946
– Epifanio Gabriel 1946 1946
(6) Dominador Ilano 1946 1963
– Rodrigo Camia 1960 1960
(1) Dominador Camerino 1964 1967
7 Manuel Paredes 1967 1967
8 Jose V. Jamir 1968 1986
– Mariano Reyes 1968 1968
– Mariano Reyes 1969 1969
– Damian Villaseca 1986 1986
– Wilfredo Garde 1986 1988
9 Ayong Maliksi 1988 1998
– Ricardo C. Paredes Sr. 1998 1998
10 Oscar A. Jaro June 30, 1998 June 30, 2001
11 Homer T. Saquilayan June 30, 2001 March 30, 2004
(10) Oscar A. Jaro March 31, 2004 June 30, 2004
(11) Homer T. Saquilayan June 30, 2004 March 21, 2007
(10) Oscar A. Jaro March 21, 2007 March 28, 2007
(11) Homer T. Saquilayan March 28, 2007 April 25, 2007
(10) Oscar A. Jaro April 26, 2007 June 30, 2010
(11) Homer T. Saquilayan June 30, 2010 December 28, 2011
12 Emmanuel L. Maliksi December 29, 2011 March 17, 2013
(11) Homer T. Saquilayan March 18, 2013 April 11, 2013
(12) Emmanuel L. Maliksi April 12, 2013 June 30, 2022
13 Alex L. Advincula June 30, 2022 present

City seal

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The city seal of Imus
  • Inscriptions. The official seal of the City of Imus bears the inscriptions Lungsod ng Imus, Lalawigan ng Cavite (City of Imus, Province of Cavite), the year 2012 representing the year of the city charter.
  • Symbolism. The nine sun's rays symbolizes hope and bright future. The gear symbolizes trade and industry. The church signifies the separation of church and state, and the rich cultural traditions. The Imus City Hall building signifies heritage, peaceful and good living conditions and citizenry participation. The school and houses signifies community development and Christian endeavors. The satellite symbolizes technology. The road signifies the development of the city towards industrialization. The lady signifies Inang Bayan (Motherland) representing Filipino nationalism in the Battle of Alapan. The jeepney represents the entrepreneurial spirit of the Imuseños.
  • Colors. Yellow represent the spirited, joyful and bright outlook of the people; blue denotes peace and order maintained through the unparalleled support of its citizenry; and green for growth and prosperity leading to the flfillment of its people's dream and aspirations.[32][self-published source?]

Notable personalities

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edit
  •  
    The District Imus, a community mall
  •  
    Our Lady of the Pillar Medical Center
  •  
    Camp Gen. Pantaleon Garcia, the Cavite Provincial Police Office, site of the Imus Arsenal
  •  
    Battle of Imus Monument
  •  
    The welcome arch along Nueno Avenue
  •  
    Del Pilar Academy (Blue Building) behind Imus Pilot Elementary School
  •  
    Imus Institute of Science and Technology (Formerly Imus Institute)

References

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  1. ^  City of Imus | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  5. ^ Calica, Aurea (April 22, 2012). "Bacoor, Imus now cities". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 29, 2016 – via philstar.com.
  6. ^ Lesho, Marivic; Sippola, Eeva (2018). "Toponyms in Manila and Cavite, Philippines". Vergleichende Kolonialtoponomastik Strukturen und Funktionen kolonialer Ortsbenennung. De Gruyter. pp. 317–332. ISBN 9783110608618.
  7. ^ Aguinaldo, Emilio. "Exhibit No. 71". Philippine Insurgent Records. 1.
  8. ^ "Presidential Proclamation No. 374". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. March 6, 1965. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  9. ^ Act No. 947 (October 15, 1903), An Act Reducing the Twenty-Three Municipalities of the Province of Cavite to Eleven, retrieved June 17, 2023[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ Act No. 1551 (October 24, 1906), An act increasing the number of municipalities in the province of Cavite from eleven to twelve, by separating from Imus the former municipality of Bacoor and giving the latter the territory which it comprised prior to the passage of act numbered 947, retrieved June 17, 2023
  11. ^ a b "Quick Facts". Cavite Province Official Website. Retrieved on August 25, 2012.
  12. ^ a b Sauler, Erika (June 2, 2008). "First Wagayway Festival marks Imus as RP flag capital" Archived June 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Global Nation. Retrieved on 2012-06-02.
  13. ^ "House Bill No. 4254". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved on June 6, 2012.
  14. ^ "House Bill no. 01989 Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Philippine House of the Representatives. Retrieved on June 6, 2012.
  15. ^ "Republic Act no. 10161". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved on May 31, 2012.
  16. ^ "Cities and Municipalities". Cavite Provincial Website. Retrieved on June 30, 2012.
  17. ^ "Imus: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  18. ^ "Barangay Population Data; Municipality of Imus". Local Water Utilities Administration. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
  19. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  20. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
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  22. ^ "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
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  26. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
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  28. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  29. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  30. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  31. ^ "Ayala invests P70B in vast Cavite estate Vermosa". September 2, 2015.
  32. ^ Nheil Ace. "The Official Seal of City of Imus". Facebook.
  33. ^ Angelo, Mikael (January 15, 2015). "Dr. Hilario D. G. Lara: The Pioneer Of Modern Public Health In The Philippines". Flipscience.ph. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
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