Wikipedia

Hashmat Ali Khan

Muhammad Hashmat Ali Khan Qadri Lucknowi[1] (1902–3 July 1960) popularly known as Sher Beesha-e-Ahle Sunnat or Munazir-e-Ahle Sunnat was an Indian Islamic scholar, cleric, author and writer belonging to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam.[2][3] He was the spiritual successor of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi in the Qadiriyya-Razaviyya order of Sufism.[4][5][6][7][8] He was against the ideology of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and he had written a book against the Two-nation theory which is still banned in Pakistan.[2][9]

Mazhar-e-Aala Hazrat, Abul Fatah,Sher-e-Sunnat
Muhammad Hashmat Ali Khan
Qadri Razvi
Personal
Born
Muhammad Hashmat Ali

1902
Amethi, Lucknow, India
Died3 July 1960
मुंबई (महाराष्ट्र)
Resting placeHashmat Nagar, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi
MovementBarelvi
Main interest(s)Sufism, Debates with scholars of other Religious movements
EducationManzar-e-Islam, Bareilly
TeachersAhmed Raza Khan Barelvi, Amjad Ali Aazmi, Hamid Raza Khan, Zafar al-din Bihari
TariqaQadiriyya
Known forBook against the two-nation theory
Pen nameHashmat
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Early life and education

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He was born in 1902 in Amethi, Lucknow, India. By the age of 9, he had already qualified as a Hafizul Quran, memorizing the entire Quran.[9] At the age of 12, he mastered Qirat-e-Saba, which refers to the seven canonical recitations of the Quran.[10][11][12][13]

At the young age of 14, he was sent to Dar al-Uloom Manzar-e-Islam in Bareilly to study under the tutelage of the scholars of his time. There, he became a disciple of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, an Islamic scholar and the founder of Barelvi movement under Sunni Islam. Barelvi paid special attention to the Hashmat Ali.[14][15][16]

He also studied under Amjad Ali Aazmi, and Hamid Raza Khan, the elder son of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi. His educational journey was marked by his excellence in learning and debating, which earned him the title of “Abul Fatah” from Ahmed Raza Khan.[17][18][19]

His early life set the foundation for his later achievements as a lecturer, Mufti, and Principal in various religious institutions, and as a Khateeb at the Zeenat-ul-Masjid in Gojra Waala, Delhi.[20][21]

Life

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Spiritual Journey

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  • At 14, he took Bai’at (pledge) at the hands of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.[22]
  • Earned the title of “Abul Fatah” from Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.[23]
  • Became a lecturer, Mufti, and Principal at various religious institutions.
  • Served as a Khateeb at Zeenat-ul-Masjid in Gojra Waala.[24]

Teachings and Legacy:

  • Known for his oratory skills, deeply drowned in the love of the Holy Prophet Muhammad.
  • Warned believers against the Deobandi movement and Wahhabism and called them as “Thieves of Imaan” to protect their faith.
  • His tongue was described as a “naked sword,” cutting through false beliefs with bright proofs.[25]
  • His words also offered comfort and guidance to true believers.[26][27]

Views on Two-nation theory

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He was against the Two-nation theory given by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1939, Hashmat Ali Khan and Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad Miyan (1892-1955) was against the creation of Pakistan and challenged the Muslim League's assertion as the sole spokesperson of Indian Muslims.[28]

Jamat-e-Ahle Sunnat

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Hashmat Ali Khan along with his contemporary Barelvi ulema such as Maulana Ghulam Jilani, Maulana Abdul Qadir, Maulana Abdul Rahman, Maulana Shariful Haq Amjadi had opposed the Two-nation theory and came forward to form Jamat-e-Ahle Sunnat, an organization formed to oppose the creation of Pakistan. It was centred at the Khanquah-e-Barakatiya of Marehra, Etah district. The organization published Muslim League Ki Zarri Bakhiya and Ehkam-e-Shariat Bar Humzaban-e-League-e-Ahle Bid'at, two treatises of Fatwas issued by Maulana Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad Miyan.[28][29]

Works

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  • Fatawa Hashmatia, a collection of fatwas addressing various aspects of Islamic jurisprudence and belief.[30]
  • Sawarim-ul-Hindiya, a collection of Fatwas against the Imams of Deobandi movement[31]
  • Munazra-e-Sambhal[31]
  • Munazra-e-Surat[32]
  • Munazra-e-Punjab[33]
  • Al-Qilada-tul-Tayyab[31]
  • Taqreer Muneer-e-Qalb[31]
  • Radd-e-Al Muhannad[31]
  • Raaz Seerat Commitee[31]
  • Ulama-e-Deoband Ki Makkariyaan[31]

Legacy

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Darul Uloom Hashmat-ur-Raza, Hashmat Nagar, Pilibhit was founded and established in the memory of Ali Khan.[34]

References

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  1. ^ Qamar, Muhammad Yusuf (2001). The Person of the Prophet ... in Contemporary Islamic Thought: A Study of the Brelvi Deobandi Controversy. PPA Publications. p. 318. ISBN 978-969-8587-04-8.
  2. ^ a b Ammar, Mohammad (16 February 2024). "रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह बोले- मौलाना हशमत अली खां की वतन परस्ती प्रेरणादायी- कहा; तहजीब के शहर लखनऊ से... - Defense Minister Rajnath Singh said Maulana Hashmat Ali Khan patriotism is inspiring From the cultured city Lucknow". Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  3. ^ Congress, Indian History (1994). Proceedings. Indian History Congress. pp. 446–449.
  4. ^ البغدادي, أ د أنوار أحمد خان. الإمام أحمد رضا خان الحنفي الماتريدي حياته وخدماته (in Arabic). Dar al-Malik. ISBN 978-81-947627-1-3.
  5. ^ Delhi, Publications Division (India),New (1959-06-28). AKASHVANI: Vol. XXIV. No. 26. ( 28 JUNE, 1959 ). Publications Division (India),New Delhi.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Punjab District Gazetteers. 1907.
  7. ^ Gottlieb, Robert S. (1993). Solo Tabla Drumming of North India: Inam Ali Khan, Keramatullah Khan, and Wajid Hussain. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1093-8.
  8. ^ "हजरत मौलाना हशमत अली शाह का उर्स आज से -". Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  9. ^ a b Mishra, Suchita (2018-11-01). "पीलीभीत से उठी थी जिन्ना के खिलाफ आवाज़-मौलाना ज़रताब | Maulana Hashmat Ali Khan opposed Jinnah from pilibhit". Rajasthan Patrika (in Hindi). Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  10. ^ Delhi, All India Radio (AIR), New (1977-02-20). AKASHVANI: Vol. XLII. No. 8 ( 20 FEBRUARY, 1977 ). All India Radio (AIR),New Delhi.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Delhi, All India Radio (AIR), New (1977-02-16). AWAZ ( URDU JOURNAL OF AIR ): Jild No. 42, No. 4 ( 16th February, 1977 ) (in Urdu). All India Radio (AIR),New Delhi.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ National Union Catalog: A Cumulative Author List Representing Library of Congress Printed Cards and Titles Reported by Other American Libraries. Library of Congress. 1978.
  13. ^ Āzād, Sayyid Maḥmūd (1990). Tārīk̲h̲-i Kashmīr: Kashmīriyon̲ ke ʻurūj o zavāl kī t̤avīl aur mustanad dāstān, 5 hazār qabl-i Masīḥ se 1947ʻ tak (in Urdu). Siyādat Pablīkeshanz.
  14. ^ MP, SHARMA (2023-10-30). HOW TO PLAY TABLA. Abhishek Publications. ISBN 978-93-94885-07-3.
  15. ^ Karachi, Library of Congress Library of Congress Office (1976). Accessions List, Pakistan. American Libraries Book Procurement Centers.
  16. ^ Muradabadi, (Mufti) Ghulam Subhani Nazish Madani (2022-12-16). Abdus Salam Naami Ulama Wa Mashaikh (in Urdu). Abde Mustafa Official.
  17. ^ Anonymous (2019-05-15). Kitāb shināsi-yi āthār-i Fārsi-yi chāp shuda dar shibh-i qāra (Hind, Pākistān, Banglādish), 1160-1387/1195-1428/1781-2007. Volume 4 (in Persian). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-40608-7.
  18. ^ Rizwi, Muhammad Hasan Ali. Lightening: At Temptation of Satan (in Urdu). Urdu-Books.
  19. ^ Shahabi, Intzam Allah. East India Company: Rebel Scholar (in Urdu). Urdu-Books.
  20. ^ Gupta, Charu; Brueck, Laura; Harder, Hans; Nijhawan, Shobna (2021-12-14). Literary Sentiments in the Vernacular: Gender and Genre in Modern South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-51118-5.
  21. ^ Lāʼibrerī, K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriyanṭal Pablik (1995). Khuda Bakhsh Library journal (in Urdu). K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriyanṭal Pablik Lāʼibreri.
  22. ^ Khan, Saud ul Hassan (2006). Tārīk̲h̲-i Baṛīc: Afg̲h̲ān Qabīlah Baṛīc ke siyāsī va samājī ḥalāt kī tafṣīl (in Urdu). G̲h̲aznavī Pablisharz ainḍ Buk Selarz.
  23. ^ Janamejaya (1870). Nuskhá i dilkusha, or Notices and Selections from the Works of Urdu Poets: I (in Urdu). Ganśa Press.
  24. ^ Aleemi, Muhammad Tauseef Raza (2024-02-15). Hussame Razviyya (in Urdu). Abde Mustafa Publications.
  25. ^ Jalali, Shuaib Attari (2022-12-19). Firqa -e- Batila Ka Taqub (in Urdu). Abde Mustafa Official.
  26. ^ Adrawi, Muhammad Saleem Ansari (2023-03-20). Maqalaate Adrawi (in Urdu). Abde Mustafa Official.
  27. ^ Anonymous (2019-05-15). Kitāb shināsi-yi āthār-i Fārsi-yi chāp shuda dar shibh-i qāra (Hind, Pākistān, Banglādish), 1160-1387/1195-1428/1781-2007. Volume 1 (in Persian). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-40603-2.
  28. ^ a b Jamaluddin, Syed; Jamaluddin, Saiyid (1993). "A Non-Congress Critique of the Muslim League Hegemony: The Barelwi Perspective, 1939". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 54: 441–450. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44142998.
  29. ^ Miyan, Syed Shah Aulad-e-Rasool Muhammad (1939). Muslim League ki Zarrin Bakhiya Dari (in Urdu). Etah: Sudar-shan Press. pp. 2–3.
  30. ^ Qadri, Abde Mustafa Muhammad Sabir (2023-08-24). Shaykh Saddo (Urdu) (in Urdu). Abde Mustafa Publications.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g "Sher Besha e Ahl e Sunnat Allama Hashmat Ali Khan / شیر بیشۂ اہل سنت علامہ حشمت علی خان". Taj ush Shariah. 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  32. ^ "Munazira E Soorat By Allama Hashmat Ali Khan Lakhnavi / مناظرہ راندیر سورت by مولانا محمد نظام الدین". Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  33. ^ "Munazira Punjab By Allama Hashmat Ali Khan Qadri / مناظرہ پنجاب by شیر بشہ اہلسنت علامہ حشمت علی خان رحمۃ اللہ علیہ". Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  34. ^ "Hazrat Hasmat Ali Khan | District Pilibhit, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 2024-07-08.


Bibliography

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