Goryeo missions to Imperial China were the diplomatic ventures of Kingdom of Goryeo which were intermittently sent in the years 918–1392, representing a significant aspect of the international relations of mutual Goryeon-Chinese contacts and communication.[1]
A cautious diplomacy was the foreign policy of the Kingdom of Goryeo up through its demise in 1392. Evolving Korean historiography during the reign of Seongjong of Joseon, emphasized that its theoretical and functional foundations were rooted in Confucian scholar-bureaucrats, institutions and philosophy.[2]
Goryeon diplomacy
editStrife during the years of transition between the Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty in China were difficult for Goryeo;[3] as were the years of transition which preceded the Yuan.[4] During the reign of Wonjong, Goryeo was tributary of the Yuan, sending 36 tributary missions to the Yuan court between 1264 and 1294.[5]
In the autumn of 1384, Chŏng Mong-ju led the Goryeo mission to Nanjing for the celebration of the Ming emperor's birthday.[6]
During the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, envoys from Goryeo were rejected before the mid-1380s.[7]
List of Goryeo diplomatic envoys
edit- Sŏ Hŭi[8]
- Yi Ja-ryang
- Chŏng Mong-ju, (1337–1392)[9]
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ Korean National Heritage: Video Gallery> Special Exhibition> History of Voyage and Drifting Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Kang, Jae-eun et al. (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism, pp. 88-91.
- ^ Kang, p. 166.
- ^ Kang, pp. 170-171.
- ^ Rossabi, Morris. (1998). Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, pp. 98., p. 98, at Google Books
- ^ Ch'oe, Chong-go. (2005). Law and Justice in Korea: South and North, p. 89.
- ^ Twitchett, Denis C. (1998). The Cambridge history of China, Vol. 8, The Ming dynasty, 1368-1644: Part 2, pp. 272-275.
- ^ 지은이대한민국문교부. (1981) 나의조국 : 재외국민용 (Na ŭi choguk : chaeoe kungmin yong), p. 110.
- ^ Ch'oe, pp. 85-86.
Sources
edit- Ch'oe, Chong-go. (2005). Law and Justice in Korea: South and North. Seoul: Seoul National University Press. ISBN 978-8-952-10635-3; OCLC 166427187.
- Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books. ISBN 978-1-931-90737-8; OCLC 60931394
- Rossabi, Morris. (1988). Khubilai Khan: His life and Times. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06740-0; ISBN 978-0-520-05913-9; OCLC 14411817.
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