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Wonjong (5 April 1219 – 23 July 1274), personal name Wang Chŏng, was the 24th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea, reigning from 1260 to 1274. His rule was briefly interrupted by that of King Yeongjong in 1269, although the legitimacy of the latter is disputed by scholars.
| Wonjong 원종 元宗 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Goryeo | |||||||||
| First reign | 1260–1269 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1260 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Gojong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Yeongjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Second reign | 1269–1274 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1269 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Yeongjong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Successor | Chungnyeol of Goryeo | ||||||||
| King Emeritus of Goryeo | |||||||||
| Reign | 1269–1269 (five months) | ||||||||
| Coronation | 1269 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Position established | ||||||||
| Successor | King Emeritus Wang Sim | ||||||||
| Born | Wang Jeon 5 April 1219 Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 23 July 1274 (aged 55) Jesang Palace, Gaegyeong, Goryeo | ||||||||
| Burial | Soreung (소릉; 韶陵) | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Issue |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Wang | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Goryeo | ||||||||
| Father | Gojong of Goryeo | ||||||||
| Mother | Queen Anhye | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | ||||||||
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 원종 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 元宗 |
| Revised Romanization | Wonjong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wŏnjong |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 왕전, 왕식, later 왕정 |
| Hanja | 王倎, 王植, later 王禎 |
| Revised Romanization | Wang Jeon, Wang Sik, later Wang Jeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Wang Chŏn, Wang Sik, later Wang Chŏng |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 일신 |
| Hanja | 日新 |
| Revised Romanization | Ilsin |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ilsin |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 순효대왕 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Sunhyo Daewang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sunhyo Taewang |
Biography
editHis father, Gojong of Goryeo, sent Wonjong when he was the Crown Prince, to meet with Kublai Khan to negotiate with the Mongols after decades of warfare during the Mongol invasions of Korea. During this time, Kublai was in the middle of a power struggle with Ariq Böke whom was residing in Karakorum while Kublai himself was participating in the Chinese Campaign. Having the Goryeo crown prince come before him to concede after decades of fighting, Kublai Khan was jubilant and said "Goryeo is a country that long ago even Tang Taizong personally campaigned against but was unable to defeat. But now, its crown prince has come before me, and this be the will of heaven as it is!"[1][2][3]
Reign
editHe ascended the throne with the help of Kublai Khan.[4] During his reign, Goryeo became a vassal of the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China.[5]
In 1269, the military leader Im Yon engineered a coup d'état to remove Wonjong. Kublai Khan dispatched 3,000 troops to oust the forces of the rebel. Wonjong visited the imperial court in 1271 after his re-accession.
Wonjong was the eldest son of the previous king, Gojong.
Family
edit- Father: Gojong of Goryeo (고려 고종)
- Grandfather: Gangjong of Goryeo (고려 강종)
- Grandmother: Queen Wondeok (원덕왕후)
- Mother: Queen Anhye (안혜왕후)
- Grandfather: Huijong of Goryeo (고려 희종)
- Grandmother: Queen Seongpyeong (성평왕후)
- Sister: Princess Suheung (수흥궁주)
- Consorts and their Respective issue(s):
- Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Gim clan (정순왕후 김씨; 1222–1237)
- Crown Prince Wang Geo (태자 왕거)
- Unnamed Princess (공주)
- Princess Gyeongchang of the Yu clan (경창궁주 유씨); seventh cousin once removed.
- Wang Yi, Marquess Siyang (왕이 시양후)
- Wang Jong, Marquess Sunan (왕종 순안후)
- Princess Gyeongan (경안궁주)
- Princess Hamnyeong (함녕궁주)
- Unknown, from a Palace maid (궁인)
- Wang Ik-jang (왕익장)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ 이기환 (2014-03-17). 최강의 몽골제국군도 무서워했던…. 이기환 기자의 흔적의 역사. Kyunghyang Shinmun. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ 김운회 (3 January 2014). <기황후>가 왜곡한 고려와 원나라의 결혼동맹. Pressian (in Korean). Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ 중국 남방 행재소에서 몽고 황제가 왕을 후대하다. 한국사데이터베이스. National Institute of Korean History. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ 김, 나성 (September 10, 2016). [역사저널 그날] 쿠빌라이와 원종의 만남, 고려의 운명을 바꾸다. Medical World News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ 김, 나성 (September 10, 2016). [역사저널 그날] 쿠빌라이와 원종의 만남, 고려의 운명을 바꾸다. Medical World News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- 원종 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.
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